Radiation yeGamma Ray (γ)
Pengantar
Mwaranzi yeGamma (γ) imhando yemwaranzi yemagetsi ine simba rakawanda uye kureba kwenguva pfupi. Yakawanikwa nenyanzvi yefizikisi yekuFrance Paul Villard muna 1900, mwaranzi iyi inopinza zvakanyanya. Hunhu uhwu hunobvumira kushandiswa mumabasa akasiyana-siyana, kubva kumishonga kusvika kusainzi, asi hunewo njodzi huru nekuda kwekugona kwayo kukuvadza nyama. Muchinyorwa chino, tichaongorora hunhu hwemwaranzi yegamma, kuti inoumbwa sei, mashandisirwo ayo, uye mhedzisiro yehutano hwemwaranzi iyi.
Zvimiro zveGamma Rays
Mwaranzi yeGamma iri pamusoro pe electromagnetic spectrum, ine ma frequency akakwira zvikuru (anopfuura 10^19 Hz) uye ma wavelength mapfupi kwazvo (asingasviki 10 picometers). Nekuda kweizvi, mwaranzi yeGamma ine simba rakawanda, kubva pa kiloelectronvolts shoma (keV) kusvika kune megaelectronvolts (MeV) dzakawanda.
Kugona kwavo kupinda mukati kwakakura zvikuru kupfuura kwemamwe marudzi emwaranzi, akadai seX-rays kana ultraviolet rays. Mwaranzi yeGamma kazhinji hainyanyi kunyudzwa nezvinhu zvakajairwa uye inoda zvinhu zvakakora kana kuti zvakawandisa, zvakaita semutobvu kana kongiri, kuti zvivharwe kana kusefa zvinobudirira.
Kuumbwa kweRay yeGamma
Mwaranzi yeGamma inowanzo gadzirwa panguva yekuora kwenyukireya, apo atomic nucleus isina kugadzikana inoedza kusvika padanho resimba rakaderera uye rakagadzikana. Aya manyukiresi ari kuora anogona kunge ari ezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana, zvinosanganisira uranium, cobalt, kana cesium.
Kunze kwekuora kwemwaranzi, mwaranzi yegamma inogonawo kugadzirwa kuburikidza nemaitiro akasiyana-siyana muchadenga akadai sekuita kwekubatanidza kwenyukireya munyeredzi, kuputika kwesupernova, kana zvidimbu zvine simba rakawanda zvinosangana neminda yemagineti nezvinhu zviri muchadenga.
Mashandisirwo eGamma Ray
Medical
Imwe yenzira dzinonyanya kushandiswa dze gamma rays ndeyekurapa, kunyanya mukurapa nemwaranzi pakurapa kenza. Nekuti gamma rays ine simba rakawanda uye inogona kupinda nyore nyore mumuviri, inogona kunangidzirwa kumabundu kuti iparadze masero ekenza pasina chikonzero chekuvhiyiwa. Iyi nzira inozivikanwa se external beam radiation therapy.
Mukuongorora chirwere, gamma rays inoshandiswa mumichina yekufungidzira zvakaita sePositron Emission Tomography (PET) scans. PET scans inoshandisa radioactive isotopes inogadzira gamma rays sezvainoora kuti ione mashandiro emetabolism uye shanduko mumuviri dzingaratidza chirwere kana kusarongeka.
Industri
Muindasitiri, marara egamma anowanzo shandiswa pakuongorora maindasitiri. Izvi zvinosanganisira kushandisa marara egamma kuongorora kunaka uye kunaka kwezvivakwa zvemidziyo zvakaita semapaipi, ndege, nemichina. Iyi nzira inobvumira kuona zvikanganiso kana kukuvara kwezvinhu pasina chikonzero chekuzvibvisa.
Simba neSainzi
Mukutsvaga kwesainzi, gamma rays inoshandiswa kudzidza kuumbwa kwezvinhu kuburikidza nehunyanzvi hwakadai segamma spectroscopy. Nzira iyi inobatsira muminda yakaita seyekuchera matongo, geophysics, uye kudzidza nezvemakemikari ane simba rakawanda.
Mhedzisiro Yehutano
Semwaranzi inoita kuti pave ne ionizing, gamma rays ine simba rekuisa mamorekuru nemaatomu mumasero emuviri, izvo zvinogona kukonzera kukuvara kwakakomba kana kutouraya kunyama yemuviri. Mhedzisiro yehutano yekuiswa pamwaranzi yegamma inoenderana nechiyero uye nguva yekuiswa pamwaranzi. Kuiswa pamwaranzi shoma kwenguva pfupi kunogona kusakonzera mhedzisiro inooneka ipapo ipapo, asi kuwedzerwa kwakawanda kana kuiswa kwenguva refu kunogona kukonzera migumisiro yakaipa senge kurwara nemwaranzi kana kenza.
Migumisiro Yakanyanya
Kubatwa zvakanyanya negamma rays yakawanda kunogona kukonzera acute radiation syndrome (ARS). Zviratidzo zvinogona kubva pakusvotwa, kurutsa, uye manyoka kusvika pakukuvara kwenhengo dzemukati nerufu, zvichienderana nehuwandu hwechirwere.
Migumisiro Isingaperi
Kugara kwenguva refu uchinwa gamma rays shoma kune njodzi huru. Kugara kwenguva refu uchinwa gamma rays kunogona kuwedzera njodzi yekenza, kusabereka, uye kukuvara kwemajini kunogona kuitika muzvizvarwa zvinotevera.
Dziviriro kubva kuGamma Radiation
Kuderedza njodzi yekubatwa nemwaranzi ye gamma kunoda matanho akakomba ekudzivirira. Munzvimbo dzebasa dzine njodzi huru, kushandiswa kwemidziyo yekudzivirira muviri (PPE) yakadai sezvipfeko zvehunyanzvi, lead yekudzivirira, uye nhoo dzemwaranzi kunokurudzirwa zvikuru. Ruzivo rwedaro rinoshanda, nguva, uye nhoo dzekudzivirira dzinoita basa rakakosha mukuderedza kubatwa nemwaranzi.
Kuyera uye Kuona
Mwaranzi yeGamma inogona kuyerwa uye kuonekwa uchishandisa zvishandiso zvakasiyana-siyana, zvakaita seGeiger-Muller detectors, scintillation counters, uye gamma spectrometers. Zvishandiso izvi zvinobatsira mukutarisa mwero wemwaranzi munharaunda, kuona kuti yakachengeteka uye inoenderana nemitemo yakatarwa.
Chinoongorora Geiger-Muller
Chinoongorora ichi chinowanzo shandiswa kuona mwaranzi inoisa ionizing, kusanganisira gamma rays. Zvichibva pa ionization yegasi muchubhu inoongorora, mudziyo uyu unopa kuverenga kwakarurama kwesimba remwaranzi panzvimbo.
Zviyero zveScintillation
Chishandiso ichi chinoshandisa chinhu chinoburitsa chiedza, kana kuti "scintillator," chinoburitsa chiedza kana chaiswa pamwaranzi ye gamma. Chiedza ichi chinozoshandurwa kuita chiratidzo chemagetsi chinoyerwa. Zviyero zveScintillation zvine hunyanzvi hwepamusoro uye zvinokwanisa kuona mwero wakaderera wemwaranzi.
Mhedziso
Maranzi eGamma chishandiso chakakosha muzvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana zvakaita semishonga, maindasitiri, uye tsvakurudzo yesainzi nekuda kwekugona kwawo kupinda muzvinhu zvine simba rakawanda. Zvisinei, hunhu hune njodzi hwemaranzi egamma hunoitawo kuti kusangana nemwaranzi iyi kuve njodzi huru kuhutano hwevanhu. Nokudaro, kunzwisisa kwakakwana kwehunhu hwemuviri, kuumbwa, mashandisirwo, uye mhedzisiro yehutano hwemaranzi egamma kwakakosha. Matanho ekudzivirira akakodzera uye kutarisa nguva dzose zvinodiwa kuderedza njodzi uye kuwedzera mabhenefiti emwaranzi yegamma.
