Mhedzisiro Yepfungwa Yemhirizhonga Yemumba
Mhirizhonga yemumba (DV) inopfuura kungopopotedzana kana kuti "nyaya yakavanzika" yemhuri. Chiito chinokuvadza, kudzora, uye chinonyadzisa mumwe munhu ari muukama hwemhuri—angave mudiwa, mwana, kana mumwe munhu wemhuri. Chinogona kutora chimiro chemhirizhonga yemuviri, yepfungwa, yepabonde, kana kunyange yehupfumi. Kunyange zvazvo kukuvara kwemuviri kuchiwanzoonekwa zvakanyanya, kukanganisa kwepfungwa kwemhirizhonga yemudzimba kunowanzogara kwenguva refu, kwakaoma, uye kwakaoma kudzoka kubva makuri. Chinyorwa chino chinokurukura kukanganisa kwepfungwa kwemhirizhonga yemudzimba kune vakashungurudzwa, vana, uye mamiriro emhuri, pamwe nechikonzero nei rutsigiro nekupora zvichikosha kudaro.
Mhirizhonga yemumba sedambudziko rinodzokororwa
Mhirizhonga mudzimba inowanzoitika kakawanda, asi kakawanda uye inoumba maitiro. Vanoshungurudzwa vanogara munzvimbo isina kuchengetedzeka munzvimbo yavanofanira kunge vakagadzikana zvikuru: kumba. Kana imba yava chinhu chinotyisidzira, pfungwa nemuviri zvemunhu anenge ashungurudzwa zvinowanzogara zvakangwarira. Mamiriro ezvinhu aya anokonzera kushushikana kusingaperi kunokanganisa manzwiro, mafungiro, uye maitiro ezuva nezuva.
Kushungurudzika kunokonzerwa nemhirizhonga yemumba kwakasiyanawo nekushungurudzika kunokonzerwa nechiitiko chimwe chete, senge tsaona. Nekuti mhirizhonga yemumba inodzokororwa uye inoitwa nemunhu ari pedyo nemunhu anenge ashungurudzwa, vanhu vanowanzosangana nekusawirirana kwepfungwa: kune rumwe rutivi, kutya, uye kune rumwe rutivi, kunzwa kusunganidzwa mupfungwa, mune zvemari, munharaunda, uye kunyange mumweya. Chisungo ichi chinoita kuti nzira yekutiza mhirizhonga ive yakaoma zvikuru.
Kunetseka kusingaperi uye matambudziko ekutya
Chimwe chezvinhu zvinowanzo kanganisa mhirizhonga yemumba mupfungwa ikuzvidya mwoyo. Vanhu vanobatwa nemhirizhonga iyi vanogona kugara vachitya, kunyangwe munhu anenge aita mhirizhonga asipo. Vanogara vachifanotaura zvakaipa: "Kana ndikataura chimwe chinhu chisina kunaka, ndichatukwa," kana kuti "Kana ndikanonoka kudzoka kumba, mhirizhonga iyi ichaitika zvakare." Kugara vachinetseka kunogona kukonzera zviratidzo zvemuviri zvakaita sekurova kwemoyo, kufema zvishoma, kushushikana kwetsandanyama, kushaya hope, uye matambudziko ekugaya chikafu.
Mune vamwe vanhu vanobatwa nechirwere ichi, kuzvidya mwoyo kunova kurwiswa nekutya, kutya vanhu, kana kutya kuva munzvimbo dzinovayeuchidza nezvemhirizhonga. Vanhu vanobatwa nechirwere ichi vanogona kungwarira zvakanyanya, kuvhunduka nekukurumidza, uye kunetseka kunzwa vakachengeteka.
Kuora mwoyo, kunzwa seusina maturo, uye kurasikirwa netariro
Mhirizhonga mudzimba inowanzo perekedzwa nekunyadziswa, kunyengedzwa, uye kudzora. Mashoko akadai sekuti "Uri benzi," "Haungaite chero chinhu ndisina ini," kana kuti "Hapana achakutenda" anogona kuderedza kuzviremekedza kwemunhu anenge abatwa. Nekuda kweizvozvo, vazhinji vanobatwa vanonzwa kuora mwoyo: kurasikirwa nechido muzviitiko zvaimbofarirwa, kuneta kusingaperi, kuchinja kwechido chekudya, kurega kushamwaridzana nevamwe, uye kuoma kwekutarisa.
Kunzwa kwekushaya maturo uye kushaya tariro kunogonawo kuitika nekuti munhu anenge abatwa anonzwa kuti haana nzira yekubuda nayo. Muzviitiko zvakakomba, kuora mwoyo kunogona kutungamira kupfungwa dzekuzvikuvadza kana kuzviuraya. Ichi hachisi chiratidzo che "kushaya simba," asi chiratidzo chekuti mutoro wepfungwa wapfuura simba remunhu rekugadzirisa uye unoda rubatsiro rwenyanzvi uye rutsigiro rwevanhu rwakasimba.
Kushungurudzika kwepfungwa: PTSD uye kukuvadzwa kwakaoma
Vanhu vakashungurudzwa mudzimba vari panjodzi yekubatwa nePost-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Zviratidzo zvinogona kusanganisira kufungidzira zvakaitika kare, kurota hope dzinotyisa, kudzivisa zvinhu zvinovayeuchidza nezvemuiti wezvakaipa kana chiitiko chacho, uye kutsamwa nemanzwiro. Uyezve, vanhu vakashungurudzwa vanogona kunzwa kusanzwa zvakanaka senzira yekugadzirisa dambudziko: kunzwa vasina chinhu, kunetseka nemufaro, kana kunzwa kusabatana navo (kuzviparadzanisa).
Mumhirizhonga yemumba yenguva refu, vamwe vakashungurudzwa vanosangana nedambudziko rakaomarara. Izvi hazvingokanganisi chete kurangarira dambudziko asiwo kuzvizivisa, kugona kuvaka hukama hwakanaka, kudzora manzwiro, uye kuvimbana. Vakashungurudzwa vanogona kuona zvakaoma kuvimba nevamwe, kunzwa vasina kuchengetedzeka munyika, kana kuramba vachizvipa mhosva kunyangwe vari ivo vakakuvadzwa.
Kuvhenekesa gasi uye kuvhiringidzika kwechokwadi
Muzviitiko zvakawanda, vanoshungurudza vamwe vanoshandisa kwete chisimba chemuviri chete asiwo kushungurudza mupfungwa kwakadai sekubatidza negesi—zvichiita kuti vanoshungurudzwa vasave nechokwadi nemaonero avo nendangariro dzavo. Vanoshungurudza vamwe vanogona kutaura zvinhu zvakaita sekuti, “Handina kumbokurova,” “Une hanya zvakanyanya,” kana kuti “Yaingova joke.” Nekufamba kwenguva, vanoshungurudzwa vanovhiringidzika kuti kushungurudzwa kwacho kwakaitika zvechokwadi here, kana kuti “vakanyanya kupindura,” kana kuti vanofanira kupomerwa mhosva here.
Kunyepedzera kunokanganisa kuzvivimba kwemunhu anenge abatwa uye kugona kwake kusarudza. Vanhu vanenge vabatwa vanozeza kutsvaga rubatsiro vachitya kuonekwa sevanonyanyisa kana kuti vasingatendwe. Izvi zvinoita kuti mhirizhonga irambe ichienderera mberi.
Mhedzisiro pahukama hwevanhu uye hupenyu hwezuva nezuva
Mhirizhonga mudzimba inowanzoita kuti vanhu vakashungurudzwa vazviparadzanise nevamwe. Vamwe vakashungurudzwa vanorambidzwa kuonana nemhuri kana shamwari, nepo vamwe vachirega kushamwaridzana nekuda kwekunyara kana kutya. Kuzviparadzanisa nevamwe kunowedzera kushungurudzika kwepfungwa nekuti vanhu vakashungurudzwa vanoshaya pekutaura nekutsvaga rutsigiro rwemanzwiro.
Mubasa kana dzidzo, vanhu vanobatwa nechirwere vanogona kuona kusashanda zvakanaka. Kushaya hope uye kushushikana kwenguva refu zvinogona kukonzera kusagadzikana kwekufunga. Vanogona kunge vasipo nguva nenguva, vasina kugona kushanda zvakanaka, kana kushaya mikana yebasa. Kana paine kutonga kwehupfumi—semuenzaniso, munhu anorambidza munhu wacho kushanda kana kuwana mari—munhu anobatwa nechirwere anoona zvichiwedzera kuoma kuzvimiririra uye anonzwa akabatwa zvakanyanya.
Kukanganisa vana: maronda asingawanzoonekwa
Vana vanokurira munzvimbo dzine mhirizhonga mudzimba, vangave vari ivo vanotambudzwa zvakananga kana kuti sevanhu vakaona mhirizhonga, vanotamburawo nepfungwa dzakakomba. Vanogona kunetseka, kurota hope dzakaipa, kudzokera shure (semuenzaniso, kunyorova pamubhedha), matambudziko ekudzidza, kushatirwa, uye hasha. Vamwe vana vanonyarara uye vanozviparadzanisa nevamwe, vanonzwa vaine mhosva, kana kuedza kupindira kuti vadzivise kusawirirana.
Migumisiro yenguva refu inogona kusanganisira kuoma kwekuvaka hukama hwakasimba, kusazviremekedza, uye njodzi yekudzokorora maitiro emhirizhonga sevanhu vakuru—kungave sevanopara mhosva kana kuti vanobatwa. Vana vanodzidza kubva pane zvavanoona. Kana mhirizhonga ikanzi "yakajairika," miganhu yehukama hwakanaka inova isina kujeka. Nokudaro, kuchengetedza vana kubva pakusangana nemhirizhonga yemumba hakusi kwekungochengeteka kwavo mumuviri chete, asiwo hutano hwavo hwepfungwa neramangwana.
Kutenderera kwechisimba uye kuvimba nemanzwiro
Vanhu vazhinji vanobvunza kuti, "Sei munhu akabatwa asingabve ipapo ipapo?" Mubvunzo uyu unofanira kunzwisiswa netsitsi. Mhirizhonga yemumba inowanzo tevera nguva: nguva yekusawirirana, mhirizhonga inoitika, ipapo munhu akabatwa anokumbira ruregerero, ovimbisa kuchinja, uye oita zvinhu nemutsa. Iyi "nguva yemuchato" inogona kukurudzira tariro yenhema. Munhu akabatwa anonzwa kuti munhu akabatwa akanaka, ingori "chikanganiso." Kune rumwe rutivi, munhu akabatwa anogona kutyisidzira, kudzora, kana kuita kuti munhu akabatwa atye kurasikirwa nevana vake, imba yake, kana rutsigiro rwake rwemari.
Panyaya dzepfungwa, vanhu vakakuvara vanogona kusangana nepfungwa dzinorwadza—hukama hwepfungwa hunoumbwa kuburikidza nekubatana kwechisimba uye dzimwe nguva "zvipo." Hukama uhwu hunosimbisa kuvimba nevamwe uye hunoita kuti zviomere vanhu vakakuvara kuzviparadzanisa, kunyangwe pavanoona kuti hukama hwacho hunorwadza.
Kupora: kuvakazve pfungwa yekuchengetedzeka uye kuzvizivisa
Kupora kubva mumhirizhonga yemumba hakusi chinhu chinongoitika ipapo ipapo. Danho rekutanga rakakosha ndere kuchengetedzeka. Mushure meizvozvo, vanhu vakashungurudzwa vanoda nzvimbo yakachengeteka yekugadzirisa zvakaitika kwavari, kuvaka rutsigiro rwemagariro evanhu, uye kudzoreredza kuzvitonga kwavo. Marapirwo epfungwa akadai sekupa mazano ekukuvara, cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), kana kurapwa kwakavakirwa pakukuvara kunogona kubatsira vanhu vakashungurudzwa kugadzirisa kuzvidya mwoyo, kuora mwoyo, nezvimwe zviratidzo zvekukuvara.
Pamusoro pekurapa, rutsigiro rwemhuri, shamwari, nharaunda, uye rubatsiro rwakakosha. Vanoshungurudzwa vanofanira kunzwiwa pasina mutongo. Mashoko akadai sekuti "Unofanira kuva nemoyo murefu" kana kuti "Inofanira kunge iri mhosva yakowo" anongosimbisa manzwiro ekuzvipa mhosva. Pane kudaro, rutsigiro rwakanaka runosanganisira: "Ndinokutenda," "Hauna kukodzera kubatwa saizvozvo," uye "Ndinogona kukubatsira kuwana rubatsiro."
Penutup
Mhedzisiro yepfungwa yemhirizhonga yemumba yakakura zvikuru: kubva pakuzvidya mwoyo nekuora mwoyo kusvika kuPTSD, kusvika pakukanganisa kuzviremekedza uye kugona kuvaka hukama. Mhirizhonga yemumba inokuvadzawo vana uye inogadzira maitiro emhirizhonga pakati pezvizvarwa kana ikasadzorwa. Kunzwisisa migumisiro iyi kwakakosha kuitira kuti nzanga isaite kuti mhirizhonga ive yakajairika, isapomere vanobatwa mhosva, uye inyatsoziva zviratidzo zvayo.
Kana iwe kana mumwe munhu ari pedyo newe ari kusangana nemhirizhonga yemumba, kutsvaga rubatsiro chiito chakakosha uye chakashinga. Unofanirwa kuchengetedzeka, kuremekedzwa, uye kurarama usingatyi. Kupora kunotora nguva, asi nerutsigiro rwakakodzera, vakashungurudzwa vanogona kuvakazve pfungwa yekuchengetedzeka, kukudzwa, uye tariro yeramangwana riri nani.
