Maitiro Ekugadzirwa Kweweti Muitsvo
Itsvo inhengo dzinokosha mutsvina yemunhu, dzichiita basa rakakosha mukuchengetedza kuenzana kwemvura ne electrolyte. Rimwe remabasa makuru eitsvo nderekugadzira weti, inova nzira yemuviri yekubvisa tsvina uye kuchengetedza homeostasis. Maitiro ekuumbwa kweweti muitsvo anosanganisira matanho akati wandei akaomarara anoshanda pamwe chete zvakanaka.
1. Maumbirwo uye Mashandiro eItsvo
Tisati takurukura nezvemaitiro ekuumbwa kweweti, zvakakosha kunzwisisa magadzirirwo uye mashandiro eitsvo. Vanhu vanowanzova neitsvo mbiri dziri kumativi ese emusana, pasi pembabvu. Itsvo imwe neimwe ine mayuniti madiki angangoita miriyoni imwe anonzi manephrons, ayo ari mayuniti anoshanda mukuumbwa kweweti.
Nephron imwe neimwe ine glomerulus netubule. Glomerulus muunganidzwa wema capillaries anoshanda sefivha yekutanga, nepo tubule iri chubhu inogadzira filtrate kuti igadzire weti.
2. Kusefa kweGlomerular
Danho rekutanga pakuumbwa kweweti ndeyekusefa kweglomerular. Maitiro aya anoitika muglomerulus, uko ropa rinoyerera nemuma capillaries uye rinosefa. Kumanikidzwa kweropa kunosundira mvura nemamorekuru madiki (akadai semvura, glucose, ions, uye tsvina ine nitrogen) kubva muropa zvichienda mukapusule yaBowman yakakomberedza glomerulus. Mugumisiro wemaitiro aya imvura inonzi glomerular filtrate.
Maitiro aya ekusefa anosarudza zvichienderana nehukuru hwemamorekuru. Masero eropa nemapuroteni makuru kazhinji haagone kupfuura nepasefa yeglomerular uye anoramba ari muropa. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) chinhu chakakosha chinoratidza kuti itsvo dziri kusefa zvakanaka sei. GFR yakajairika inotangira pa90-120 ml/minute, uye kudzikira kweGFR kunogona kuratidza kusashanda zvakanaka kweitsvo.
3. Kudzoserwazve kweropa muProximal Tubule
Mushure mekusefa, glomerular filtrate inofamba ichienda kuproximal tubule. Pano, kusvetwazve kwemvura, uko mvura zhinji, maelectrolyte, uye zvinovaka muviri zvinokosha zvinodzoserwa muropa. Inenge 65% yesodium nemvura inosvetwazve, pamwe chete neglucose nemaamino acids ese, zvinoitika muproximal tubule.
Masero ari mumadziro ematubhu eproximal ane microvil inowedzera nzvimbo yepamusoro yekunyudzwazve. Maitiro aya anoshanda zvakanyanya uye anonzwisisa zvinodiwa nemuviri, zvichiita kuti zvikamu zvakakosha zvisarasikirwe muweti.
4. Henle's Loop uye Kuwedzerwa Kwazvo Kwekunwa
Filtrate inobva yapinda mudenderedzwa reHenle, iro rinopatsanurwa kuita zvikamu zviviri: denderedzwa rinodzika nedenderedzwa rinokwira. Dendere rinodzika redenderedzwa reHenle rinopinda zvakanyanya mumvura asi haripindi zvakanyanya kumaion neurea. Pano, mvura inotorwa kubva mudenderedzwa ne osmosis, zvichiwedzera huwandu hwe solute.
Kusiyana neizvi, chikamu chinokwira cheHenle's loop hachipindi mvura asi chinotakura maion, kunyanya sodium, potassium, uye chloride, kupinda mumvura iri pakati peitsvo.
Kusanganiswa kwekudzoserwa kwemvura muchikamu chinodzika uye kufamba kwemaion muchikamu chinokwira kunoita kuti pave ne osmotic gradient iyo inokosha pahuwandu hweweti.
5. Kudzora kweDistal Tubule uye Mahormone
Mushure mekupfuura nepachitenderedzo cheHenle, filtrate inoenda kudistal tubule. Pano, kunyudzwazve uye kuburitswa kwemasero kunoitika, zvichikonzerwa nemahormone akati wandei.
Aldosterone: Hormone iyi inokurudzira kutorwazve kwe sodium uye kubviswa kwe potassium mu distal tubule, zvichibatsira kudzora BP uye electrolyte balance.
Hormone Inodzivirira Kubuda Kwemvura Muropa (ADH): Hormone iyi inowedzera kupindira kwemadziro etubhu kuenda kumvura, zvichiita kuti mvura ipinde muropa uye kuderedza huwandu hweweti.
Tubhu rekure rine basa guru mukugadzirisa mamiriro ekupedzisira eweti, zvichiita kuti ive nzvimbo yakakosha yekugadzirisa homeostasis yemuviri.
6. Kuunganidzwa muValve Ductus
Filtrate yasara, iyo yava kunzi weti, inozotumirwa kumigero inounganidza. Migero iyi inotakura weti kuenda kuchiuno cheitsvo, kubva kwainoyerera ichipinda muureters uye inozochengetwa kwenguva pfupi mudundira isati yaburitswa kuburikidza neurethra.
Mapaipi anounganidza anobatanidzwawo mukuwedzera kunyudzwa kwemvura kunodzorwa neADH, pamwe nekunyudzwa kweurea, izvo zvinobatsira mukutonga kwe osmolarity ye renal medullary.
7. Kudzora Kuchinja uye Kugadzirisa
Maitiro ekuumbwa kweweti anochinja-chinja zvikuru uye anoramba achienderana nezvinodiwa nemuviri. Zvinhu zvakaita sekudya mvura, kudya, hutano, uye hutano hwese zvinogona kukanganisa kugadzirwa kweweti uye maumbirwo ayo.
Itsvo dzine nzira dzekutonga dzoga dzinoita kuti GFR irambe yakagadzikana pasinei nekuchinja-chinja kweBP. Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) inoita basa guru mukuita izvi, kunyanya kana ropa richichinja kana kuti BP ichidzikira.
8. Kesimpulan
Maitiro ekuumbwa kweweti muitsvo inhanho dzakaoma asi dzinoshanda dzinoita kuti tsvina ibviswe mumuviri ukuwo ichichengetedza kuenzana kwemukati kwakakodzera. Chikamu chimwe nechimwe cheitsvo, kubva kuglomerulus kusvika kumugero unounganidza, chinoita basa rakakosha mukuona kuti muviri unochengeta zvinhu zvakakosha uye unobvisa zvisina basa.
Kana tikanzwisisa zviri nani maitiro aya, tinogona kunzwisisa kukosha kwekuchengetedza hutano hweitsvo kuburikidza nemararamiro ane hutano, kudya mvura yakakwana, uye kudya zvine mwero. Kunzwisisa uku kunotsigirawo nzira dzakawanda dzekurapa dzekugadzirisa matambudziko eitsvo uye kuona kuti munhu agara zvakanaka kwenguva refu.
