Mhando dzePurasitiki Dzinowanzo shandiswa pakurongedza uye kuti dzinogadzirwa sei
Plastiki yava chinhu chakakosha muhupenyu hwedu hwezuva nezuva, kunyanya muindasitiri yekurongedza. Mhando dzepurasitiki dzinoshandiswa pakurongedza dzakasiyana-siyana, imwe neimwe ine hunhu hwayo uye mashandisirwo ayo. Chinyorwa chino chichakurukura mhando dzakasiyana dzepurasitiki dzinoshandiswa pakurongedza uye kuti dzinogadzirwa sei.
1. Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET)
Hunhu uye Mashandisirwo
PET ndiyo mhando yepurasitiki inonyanya kushandiswa pakurongedza zvinwiwa, zvakaita semabhodhoro emvura nemabhodhoro esoda, uye inoshandiswawo mukurongedza chikafu. PET inozivikanwa nekuti yakareruka, yakasimba, inoonekera, uye inodzivirira hunyoro nemagasi, zvichiita kuti chigadzirwa chirambe chiri chitsva.
Nzira dzekugadzira
Kugadzirwa kwePET kunotanga nekuita kwemakemikari pakati peethylene glycol neterephthalic acid, iyo inoumba polymer kuburikidza nemaitiro anonzi polycondensation. Kana polymer yangoumbwa, zvinhu zvinopiswa uye zvinonyunguduka, zvobva zvagadzirwa kuita preform kuburikidza ne injection molding. Iyi preform inozodziiswazve uye inofuridzirwa kuita mold kuti igadzire bhodhoro kana imwe packaging, maitiro anozivikanwa se blow molding.
2. High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE)
Hunhu uye Mashandisirwo
HDPE rudzi rwepurasitiki yakasimba, inodzivirira kukuvadzwa, uye inodzivirira makemikari akasiyana-siyana zvakanaka. HDPE inowanzoshandiswa kugadzira mabhodhoro emukaka, mabhodhoro ekuchenesa, mabhegi ekutenga, uye kunyange mamwe marudzi ematoyi.
Nzira dzekugadzira
Maitiro ekugadzira HDPE anosanganisira polymerization ye ethylene pasi pekumanikidzwa kwakaderera uchishandisa catalyst chaiyo. Kana polymer yagadzirwa, HDPE inonyungudutswa yobva yaburitswa mumapepa, mapaipi, kana mapellets, ayo anogona kuzoumbwazve kuburikidza nemaitiro akasiyana-siyana akadai sekuputira blow, injection molding, uye roto molding, zvichienderana nechinhu chaunoda.
3. Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)
Hunhu uye Mashandisirwo
PVC ipurasitiki inoshandiswa zvakasiyana-siyana, kubva kune yakaoma kusvika kune inochinjika. PVC inochinjika inowanzo shandiswa kugadzira mafirimu epurasitiki, machira, uye mablister packs, nepo PVC yakaoma ichi shandiswa kugadzira mabhodhoro nemamwe marudzi emapombi.
Nzira dzekugadzira
PVC inogadzirwa kuburikidza ne polymerization ye vinyl chloride monomer (VCM). Izvi zvinowanzoitwa muma reactors makuru pasi pekumanikidzwa uye tembiricha chaiyo. Chigadzirwa chekupedzisira chePVC chiri muchimiro cheupfu kana pellet, icho chinogona kunyungudutswa chogadzirwa kuita zvigadzirwa zvakasiyana-siyana kuburikidza nemaitiro akadai se extrusion, calendaring, kana injection molding.
4. Polyethylene Yakaderera (LDPE)
Hunhu uye Mashandisirwo
LDPE inozivikanwa nekuchinjika kwayo, kuramba hunyoro, uye kugona kwayo kugadzirisa zviri nyore. LDPE inowanzoshandiswa kugadzira mabhegi epurasitiki, kurongedza kunochinjika, uye kuputira firimu rezvinhu zvakaita sekuputira chikafu.
Nzira dzekugadzira
LDPE inogadzirwa kuburikidza ne polymerization ye ethylene pasi pekumanikidzwa kwakanyanya uye tembiricha, uchishandisa free radical initiator. Chigadzirwa ichi i resin inogona kunyungudutswa yogadzirwa kuita maumbirwo akasiyana-siyana kuburikidza nemaitiro akadai se extrusion blow molding uye cast film extrusion.
5. Polypropylene (PP)
Hunhu uye Mashandisirwo
Polypropylene ipurasitiki inodzivirira kupisa, makemikari, uye kuneta. PP inoshandiswa mukupakata chikafu, kunyanya kune zvigadzirwa zvinoda kudziyiswa, zvakaita sema microwave, uye inoshandiswawo kugadzira zvivharo zvemabhodhoro, mashanga, uye marudzi akasiyana-siyana emidziyo.
Nzira dzekugadzira
Kugadzirwa kwepolypropylene kunosanganisira polymerization yepropene pasi pekumanikidzwa kwakaderera uye tembiricha uchishandisa Ziegler-Natta catalyst kana metallocene catalyst. Kana polymer yagadzirwa, zvinhu zvinonyungudutswa uye zvinoburitswa kuita mapellets, izvo zvinogona kugadziriswazve uchishandisa nzira dzakadai se injection molding, extrusion, uye blow molding kuti igadzire chigadzirwa chekupedzisira.
6. Polystyrene (PS)
Hunhu uye Mashandisirwo
Polystyrene ipurasitiki yakaoma, inoonekera, uye iri nyore kugadzira. Inowanzoshandiswa kugadzira makapu ezvinwiwa anoraswa, midziyo yechikafu, matireyi enyama, uye zvinhu zvinodzivirira kupisa zvakaita seStyrofoam.
Nzira dzekugadzira
Polystyrene inogadzirwa kuburikidza ne polymerization ye styrene monomer. Maitiro acho anogona kunge ari bulk polymerization kana suspension polymerization, umo styrene inonyungudutswa uye polymerized nerubatsiro rwe free radical initiator. Chigadzirwa chekupedzisira mapellets kana mapepa anogona kuumbwa zvakare kuita zvigadzirwa zvakasiyana-siyana kuburikidza nemaitiro akadai se injection molding, extrusion, kana thermoforming.
7. Polymethyl Methacrylate (PMMA)
Hunhu uye Mashandisirwo
Polymethyl Methacrylate, inozivikanwawo se acrylic kana Plexiglas, ipurasitiki inoonekera inozivikanwa nekujeka kwayo uye kuramba mamiriro ekunze. PMMA inowanzo shandiswa pakurongedza kunoda kuratidzwa kwakanaka, senge mabhokisi ekuratidzira uye kurongedza kwepamusoro-soro.
Nzira dzekugadzira
PMMA inogadzirwa kuburikidza ne polymerization ye methyl methacrylate. Maitiro aya anosanganisira chinhu chinotanga chakadai se peroxide kuti chitange chain polymerization reaction. PMMA yakagadzirwa inobva yanyungudutswa yoburitswa kana kuumbwa kuita chimiro chaunoda.
Mhedziso
Mapurasitiki akaunza mabhenefiti akawanda kuindasitiri yekurongedza, kubva pakuchengetedzwa kwezvinhu zvakaoma kusvika pakugadziriswa nekudzokororwa. Zvisinei, zvakakoshawo kufunga nezvemhedzisiro yekushandiswa kwepurasitiki munzvimbo dzakatikomberedza. Kudzokororwa uye kushandiswazve ndeimwe yemhinduro dzekuderedza mhedzisiro yakaipa yemarara epurasitiki.
Kunzwisisa mhando dzakasiyana dzepurasitiki uye magadzirirwo adzo hakungopi ruzivo rwemaindasitiri chete asiwo kunotibatsira kuita sarudzo dzakangwara nezvekushandiswa kwezvinhu izvi, kumba uye mumaindasitiri. Ngatirambei tichigadzira zvinhu zvitsva uye tichishanda pamwe chete kuti nyika yedu irambe yakachena uye ine hutano!
