Mhando Dzakajairika dzePurasitiki uye Mashandisirwo Emaindasitiri
Plastiki ndeimwe yezvinhu zvinoshandiswa zvakasiyana-siyana mumaindasitiri emazuva ano. Kuvapo kwayo muzvikamu zvese zvehupenyu, kubva kudzimba nemahofisi kusvika kumaindasitiri makuru, kunoratidza kukosha kwayo. Plastiki haingogone kuumbwa chete asiwo ine simba, kugara kwenguva refu, nezvimwe zvinhu zvinoita kuti ishande zvakanyanya mumabasa akasiyana-siyana. Muchinyorwa chino, tichakurukura mhando dzepurasitiki dzinowanzoshandiswa mumaindasitiri uye mashandisirwo adzo akajairika.
1. Polyethylene (PE)
Mhando dzePolyethylene
– Polyethylene Yakanyanya Kuwanda (HDPE)
– Polyethylene Yakaderera (LDPE)
– Linear Low-Density Polyethylene (LLDPE)
Zvishandiso zveHDPE
HDPE inoshandiswa mukugadzira mabhodhoro emukaka epurasitiki, midziyo, nemapaipi emvura. HDPE haipindi muzvinhu zvakawanda zvinonyungudutsa, zvichiita kuti ikwanise kushandiswa zvinoda kusapindirana nemakemikari.
Zvishandiso zveLDPE
LDPE inoshandiswa mukugadzira mapurasitiki anoputirwa, mabhegi epurasitiki, nemabhodhoro akapfava. LDPE inochinjika zvakanyanya uye inodzivirira hunyoro nemakemikari zvakanaka.
Zvishandiso zveLLDPE
LLDPE inowanzoshandiswa muindasitiri yemafirimu epurasitiki, uko kunodiwa simba guru rekudhonza uye kubvarura. Mienzaniso inosanganisira machira ekuputira nekurongedza.
2. Polypropylene (PP)
Kushandiswa kwePolypropylene
PP inozivikanwa nekusimba kwayo, kusachinjika, uye kusabatwa nemakemikari. PP inowanzoshandiswa mukugadzira mapurasitiki ezvekudya, magaba ekuchengetera zvinhu, zvinhu zvemotokari zvakaita semabumpers, uye mafirimu epurasitiki eceramic emabhatiri.
3. PVC (Polyvinyl Chloride)
Mhando dzePVC
- PVC yakaoma
- PVC inochinjika
Zvikumbiro zvePVC zvakaoma
PVC yakasimba inoshandiswa mukugadzira mapaipi, mafuremu emahwindo, uye ma profiles ekuvaka. Simba rayo uye kusabvira kwemoto zvinoita kuti ive sarudzo yepamusoro mukuvaka.
Zvishandiso zvePVC zvinochinjika
PVC inochinjika inoshandiswa mumagetsi, machira epasi, uye midziyo yemumba. Kuchinjika kwayo uye kugona kwayo kuchinjika kunoita kuti ishandiswe zvakasiyana-siyana mumabasa akasiyana-siyana.
4. Polystyrene (PS)
Kushandiswa kwePolystyrene
Polystyrene inogona kuwanikwa mufuro (senge Styrofoam) uye mupurasitiki yakaoma. Mashandisirwo akajairika anosanganisira midziyo yekudya inobikwa nekukurumidza, insulation yekupisa, uye kurongedza kwekudzivirira. Zvakanakira zvayo zvinosanganisira kudhura kwayo kwakaderera uye nyore kugadzira.
5. Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET kana PETE)
Zvikumbiro zvePET
PET inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumabhodhoro ezvinwiwa uye mumapakeji ezvekudya. Kujeka kwayo kwemaziso, simba rayo, uye kugadzikana kwayo kwemakemikari zvinoita kuti ive sarudzo yakanaka yekushandisa panodiwa kujekesa uye kudzivirira magasi nehunyoro.
6. Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS)
Kushandiswa kweABS
ABS inowanzoshandiswa pakugadzira zvinhu zvemagetsi zvevatengi zvakaita semakesi emakombiyuta, midziyo yemumba, uye zvikamu zvemotokari. Kusabatwa kwayo nekuumbwa uye kugona kwayo kuumba kunoita kuti ive yakakurumbira mumaindasitiri akasiyana-siyana.
7. Naironi (Polyamide)
Maitiro eNylon
Nylon inoshandiswa mumachira kugadzira machira, pamwe chete nemidziyo yemuchina yakaita semagiya nemabheringi. Simba rayo rakanaka remuchina uye kuramba kwayo kupfeka zvinoita kuti ive sarudzo inowanikwa mumashandisirwo einjiniya.
8. Polycarbonate (PC)
Mashandisirwo ePolycarbonate
PC inozivikanwa nekudzivirira kwayo kukanganiswa uye kujeka kwayo. Inoshandiswa mukugadzira magirazi ekuchengetedza, magirazi ekuona, uye zvishandiso zvekurapa. Izvi zvinoitawo kuti ishandiswe kakawanda mumabasa ekuvaka ane simba guru.
9. Polyurethane (PU)
Zvishandiso zvePolyurethane
PU inoshandiswa mumhando dzakasiyana-siyana, kusanganisira furo rinochinjika uye rakaomarara. Mashandisirwo ayo anosanganisira matiresi, macushion, uye thermal insulation. Kukwanisa kwayo kuumbwa kuti iite zvakasiyana-siyana zvekuomarara uye ductility kunoita kuti PU ive inobatsira zvikuru mumabasa akasiyana-siyana emaindasitiri.
10. Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)
Zvikumbiro zvePTFE
PTFE, inozivikanwa nezita rekuti Teflon, inoshandiswa muzvinhu zvinoda makemikari uye tembiricha yepamusoro, zvakaita semagasket, ma seal, uye magetsi anodzivirira kupisa. Hunhu hwayo hwekusanamatira hunoitawo kuti ive yakanaka pakubika midziyo yakaita sehari nemapani.
Mhedziso
Rudzi rumwe nerumwe rwepurasitiki rune hunhu hwakasiyana hunoita kuti ive yakakodzera kushandiswa kwakananga. Kubva pakuchinjika kweLDPE kusvika kusimba remuchina wenylon, kubva pakujeka kwePET kusvika pakusashanda kwemakemikari kwePTFE—mapurasitiki anoita basa rakakosha mukusimudzira indasitiri yemazuva ano. Kunzwisisa mhando dzepurasitiki nemashandisirwo adzo akajairika kunobvumira maindasitiri kusarudza zvinhu zvakakodzera kuti zvienderane nezvinodiwa zvavo. Izvi hazvingobatsiri chete pakugadzira uye kunaka asiwo zvinotsigira hunyanzvi uye kugara kwenguva refu. Naizvozvo, ruzivo rwemhando dzepurasitiki nemashandisirwo adzo rwakakosha kune nyanzvi yega yega yeindasitiri.
