Kunyudzwa Kwezvinovaka Muviri Neura Hudiki
Muviri wemunhu unoshanda senzira yakaoma uye yakarongeka zvakanaka uko chikamu chimwe nechimwe chinoita basa rakakosha mukuchengetedza hutano nekugara zvakanaka. Pakati pezvinhu zvakakosha zvinotsigira hupenyu ndeyekunwa zvinovaka muviri, zvinonyanya kuitika muura hudiki. Hunoreba mamita angangoita 20, ura hudiki ndiyo nzvimbo inotorwa zvinovaka muviri zvakawanda, zvichishandura chikafu chakabatwa kuita zvinovaka muviri zvakakosha zvinogona kushandiswa nemuviri. Chinyorwa chino chinotarisa nzira, kukosha, uye kushanda zvakanaka kwekunwa zvinovaka muviri muura hudiki, zvichiratidza basa razvo guru muhutano hwese.
Maumbirwo uye Maumbirwo eUtumbu Hudiki
Ura hudiki hwakakamurwa kuita zvikamu zvitatu: duodenum, jejunum, uye ileum. Duodenum, ine 10 inches yekutanga, ndiyo inonyanya kukonzera kugaya chikafu nemakemikari. Pano, chyme - huwandu hwemvura hwakagayiwa zvishoma - inosanganiswa ne bile kubva muchiropa nema enzymes ekugaya kubva pancreas, zvichiita kuti macromolecules aputsike kuita mamorekuru ari nyore.
Mushure me duodenum, jejunum ne ileum zvinoreba anenge mamita 8 uye mamita 12 zvichiteerana. Kunyangwe kugaya kuchiramba kuripo muzvikamu izvi, basa razvo guru nderekupinza zvinovaka muviri kuburikidza ne epithelial lining yavo yakasarudzika. Pamusoro pemukati meura hudiki panowedzera zvinoshamisa nekuda kwezvivakwa zvinozivikanwa se villi ne microvilli, zvichiita nzvimbo yakakura yekupinza zvinovaka muviri zvinobudirira.
Maitiro Ekutora Zvinovaka Muviri
Kudya zvinovaka muviri muura hudiki kunosanganisira nzira dzekufambisa dzinoshanda uye dzisingashandi. Kudya zvinovaka muviri kunoda simba, kazhinji muchimiro cheadenosine triphosphate (ATP), uye kwakakosha pakunwa zvinovaka muviri zvichienderana nekuwedzera kwehuwandu. Kusiyana neizvi, kudya kunoshingaira hakudi simba uye kunoitika pamwe chete nekuwedzera kwehuwandu.
1. Kunwa Makabhohaidhiretsi
Makabhohaidhiretsi anonyanya kunyudzwa muchimiro che monosaccharides dzakadai se glucose, fructose, uye galactose. Maitiro ekugaya anotanga mumuromo ne enzyme inonzi amylase uye anoenderera mberi muura hudiki nekuwedzera ma enzyme akadai se maltase, sucrase, uye lactase. Glucose ne galactose zvinonyudzwa kuburikidza ne active transport mechanisms inosanganisira sodium-glucose transport proteins (SGLT1). Kune rumwe rutivi, fructose inonyudzwa kuburikidza nekupararira kuri nyore kuburikidza ne GLUT5 transport proteins.
Kana zvangopinda mumasero epithelial, ma monosaccharides aya anotakurwa kuenda muropa kuburikidza nemamwe mapuroteni, kunyanya GLUT2, zvichiita kuti akwanise kupararira kune dzimwe nhengo dzemuviri wese.
2. Kunwa Mapuroteni
Mapuroteni anopatsanurwa kuita maamino acid, dipeptides, uye tripeptides kuburikidza nema enzymes eproteolytic akadai sepepsin, trypsin, uye chymotrypsin. Maamino acids anotorwa kuburikidza nemasystem anoshanda uye anofambiswa. Ma amino acid anotakurwa nesodium anobatsira mukutakura maamino acids, nepo ma dipeptides ne tripeptides zvichitorwa kuburikidza nema peptide transporters (PepT1) uchishandisa proton gradient.
Kana zvangopinda muma enterocytes, ma dipeptide nema tripeptides anopatsanurwa kuita ma amino acids nema peptides ari mukati memasero asati aburitswa muropa kuburikidza nema amino acid transporters.
3. Kunyudzwa kwemafuta mumuviri
Mafuta, kunyanya ari muchimiro che triglycerides, anogadzirwa ne bile salts kuti agadzire micelles, zvichiwedzera kunyunguduka kwawo kuti ashande ne pancreatic lipase. Ma monoglycerides anobuda pamwe ne free fatty acids zvinopararira mu enterocyte membrane nenzira isina kusimba nekuda kwehunhu hwazvo husina kusimba.
Mukati memaenterocytes, mafuta aya anodzoserwa kuita triglycerides uye anoiswa mumachylomicrons. MaChylomicrons anobuda mumaenterocytes kuburikidza ne exocytosis uye anopinda mu lymphatic system kuburikidza nema lacteals, pakupedzisira osvika muropa.
4. Kunwa Mavhitamini neMaminerari
Ura hudiki hunotorawo mavhitamini nemaminerari akasiyana-siyana akakosha pamabasa akasiyana-siyana emuviri. Mavhitamini anonyungudika mumafuta (A, D, E, K) anonyungudika pamwe chete nemafuta ekudya, nepo mavhitamini anonyungudika mumvura (C neB-complex) achishandisa nzira dzinoshanda uye dzisingashandi.
Zvicherwa zvakaita secalcium nesimbi zvinotorwa kuburikidza nekufamba kunoitwa nemuviri zvichikonzerwa nezvinhu zvinodzora zvakaita sevhitamini D yecalcium uye hepcidin yesimbi. Maelectrolyte akadai sesodium, potassium, uye chloride anotevera nzira dzakatarwa dzeion uye zvinotakura, zvichichengetedza electrolyte yemuviri.
Basa reGut Microbiota
Ongororo itsva yakaratidza kukosha kwe microbiota mukudya kwemuviri. Mabhakitiriya akasiyana-siyana anogara mudumbu madiki anobatsira mukuputsa makabhohaidhiretsi akaomarara, kugadzira mamwe mavhitamini, uye kushandura mashandiro emuviri. Kuenzana kwakanaka kwe microbiota mudumbu kunowedzera kushanda zvakanaka kwekudya kwemuviri uye hutano hwekugaya chikafu.
Zvinhu Zvinokanganisa Kudyiwa Kwezvinovaka Muviri
Kushanda zvakanaka kwekudya kunovaka muviri kunogona kukanganiswa nezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvinosanganisira zera, hutano, uye kuumbwa kwezvokudya. Kuchinja kunokonzerwa nekukwegura munzvimbo yekugaya, zvakaita sekudzikira kwekugadzirwa kwema enzyme uye kuchinja kwekufamba kwemudumbu, kunogona kukanganisa kudyiwa kwezvinovaka muviri muvanhu vakuru. Matambudziko ehutano akadai sechirwere checeliac, chirwere cheCrohn, uye kukura kwemabhakitiriya mudumbu (SIBO) anokanganisawo kudyiwa kwezvokudya, zvichikonzera kushaya chikafu zvakakwana kunyangwe paine kudya kwakakwana.
Zvinhu zvekudya zvakaita sekuvapo kwezvinhu zvinorwisa kushaya chikafu (semuenzaniso, ma phytates, ma tannins) uye kuenzana kwe macronutrients zvinogona kuchinja maitiro ekunyudzwa kwemuviri. Kunyudzwa kwezvinovaka muviri kwakakodzera kunowanzo tsigirwa nekudya kwakaringana kwakapfuma mu faibha, ma probiotics, uye zvakasiyana-siyana zve micronutrients.
mhedziso
Ura hudiki hunomira senhengo inokosha mukushanda kwakaomarara kwemabasa emuviri, huchiita basa guru mukushandura chikafu chinodyiwa kuita zvinovaka muviri zvinoshandiswa. Kuburikidza nemaumbirwo ahwo akasarudzika uye nzira dzekutakura, ura hudiki hunotora makabhohaidhiretsi, mapuroteni, mafuta, mavhitamini, uye maminerari zvinobudirira zvakakosha pakudya uye kuchengetedza muviri wemunhu. Kunzwisisa hunhu hwekunwa zvinovaka muviri muura hudiki kunosimbisa kukosha kwehutano hwekugaya uye kudiwa kwekudya kwakaringana mukuchengetedza hutano hwese. Sezvo tsvakiridzo ichiramba ichiburitsa pachena kuomarara kwemaitiro aya, zvinova pachena kuti ura hudiki ihwohwo gamba risingazivikanwe muhurongwa hukuru hwemuviri wevanhu.
