Musoro: Kudyidzana Pakati peEndocrine neNervous Systems: Pfupiso Yakakwana
ziviso
Kugona kwemuviri wemunhu kushanda zvakanaka uye kugadzirisa zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvemukati nekunze kunoenderana zvakanyanya nekushanda pamwe chete kwakaoma pakati pema endocrine netsinga. Aya masystem maviri akaomarara anoshanda nenzira dzakasiyana-siyana kuchengetedza homeostasis, kudzora mashandiro emuviri, uye kukanganisa maitiro nemanzwiro. Chinyorwa chino chinotarisa zvinhu zvakakosha zvekubatana pakati pema endocrine netsinga, zvichiratidza mabasa azvo ekubatana, nzira dzekudyidzana, uye zvazvinoreva pahutano.
Sisitimu yeEndocrine: Pfupiso
Sisitimu yeendocrine ine network yemagland anogadzira nekuburitsa mahormone zvakananga muropa. Mahormone aya anoshanda semakemikoro anotonga mabasa akasiyana-siyana emuviri, anosanganisira kukura, metabolism, kubereka, uye mafungiro. Magland akakosha esystem yeendocrine anosanganisira hypothalamus, pituitary gland, thyroid gland, adrenal glands, pancreas, uye gonads (mazai nematestes).
Hypothalamus-Pituitary Axis: Chikamu Chepakati
Pakati pekubatana kwehurongwa hwe endocrine nervous system pane hypothalamus-pituitary axis. Hypothalamus, nzvimbo diki asi yakakosha muuropi, inoshanda sechisungo chakakosha pakati pehurongwa huviri uhwu. Inogamuchira mazano kubva kunzvimbo dzakasiyana dzeuropi uye inopindura shanduko dziri mukati nekunze kwenharaunda. Hypothalamus inodzora gland repituitary, rinowanzonzi "guruva guru," kuburikidza nema neurohormones.
Gland repituitary, rinoburitsawo mahormone anodzora mamwe ma endocrine glands mumuviri wese. Semuenzaniso, hypothalamus inoburitsa corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), iyo inoita kuti anterior pituitary iburitse adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). ACTH inozosimudzira adrenal cortex kuti igadzire cortisol, hormone inokosha pakupindura kushushikana, metabolism, uye kushanda kwemuviri kudzivirira zvirwere.
Maitiro Ekugadzirisa Mhinduro uye Homeostasis
Chimwe chezvinhu zvakakosha pakudyidzana pakati pe endocrine ne tsinga ndiko kuchengetedza homeostasis kuburikidza ne feedback loops. Negative feedback loops inzira yakajairika apo kubuda kwe system kunodzivirira kugadzirwa kwayo. Semuenzaniso, huwandu hwakawanda hwe cortisol muropa hunoratidza hypothalamus ne pituitary kuderedza kugadzirwa kwe CRH ne ACTH, zvichiteerana. Maitiro aya anoita kuti huwandu hwe hormone hurambe huri mukati memazinga akakodzera, zvichidzivirira kugadzirwa kwakanyanya kana kushomeka.
Kusiyana neizvi, positive feedback loops inowedzera mhinduro uye haiwanzoitiki asi ine basa rakakosha mumabasa chaiwo emuviri. Muenzaniso ndewekuburitswa kweoxytocin panguva yekusununguka. Kutambanudza cervix kunoita kuti hypothalamus ibudise oxytocin, iyo inowedzera kubatanidzwa kwechibereko, ichitambanudza cervix uye ichikurudzira kuburitswa kweoxytocin kusvika yazvarwa.
Masero eNeuroendocrine: Kuvhara Mukaha
Masero eNeuroendocrine masero akasarudzika ane hunhu hwema neuron nemasero e endocrine. Anowanikwa munhengo dzakadai se hypothalamus, anoratidza kubatana kwakananga kwehurongwa hwetsinga ne endocrine. Masero aya anogamuchira zviratidzo zve neuronal uye anoburitsa mahormone achipindura. Hypothalamus ine masero akati wandei akadaro anoburitsa ma neurohormone (semuenzaniso, gonadotropin-releasing hormone kana GRH) mu portal blood circulation kuti ashande pa anterior pituitary.
Mhinduro Yekushushikana: Sisitimu Yetsinga Yetsitsi uye Adrenal Medulla
Kudyidzana pakati pema endocrine netsinga kunonyanya kuoneka panguva yekupindura kwemuviri kushushikana. Kana yaona njodzi, hypothalamus inomutsa sisitimu yetsinga yesympathetic, zvichikonzera kuburitswa kweadrenaline (epinephrine) ne noradrenaline (norepinephrine) kubva muadrenal medulla. Mahormone aya anogadzirira muviri kuti unzwe "kurwisa kana kutiza" nekuwedzera kurova kwemoyo, BP, uye huwandu hweglucose muropa.
Panguva imwe chete, hypothalamus inokurudzira kuburitswa kweCRH, zvichikonzera kuburitswa kweACTH uye kugadzirwa kwecortisol kunotevera. Cortisol inozadzisa zviito zveadrenaline nekuona kuti simba rinogara richiwanikwa uye kugadzirisa mhinduro dzekuzvimba uye dzekudzivirira muviri. Mhinduro iyi yakabatana inoratidza kuti masisitimu etsinga neendocrine anobatanidzwa sei kuti agadzirise kushushikana kwakanyanya zvinobudirira.
Kudzora Sisitimu Yekubereka
Kudzora mabasa ekubereka kunoratidza kushanda kwemasimba pakati pehurongwa hweendocrine netsinga. HPG (hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal) axis inokosha mukudzora mahormone ekubereka. Hypothalamus inoburitsa GRH, iyo inosimudzira anterior pituitary kuti igadzire luteinizing hormone (LH) uye follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). Mahormone aya anodzora mashandiro emagonads, achipesvedzera kuburitswa kwemahormone epabonde akadai seestrogen, progesterone, uye testosterone.
Maitiro ekupa mhinduro akakoshawo panyaya iyi. Semuenzaniso, kuwedzera kwemahormone epabonde kunodzivirira kugadzirwa kweGRH, LH, uye FSH, zvichichengetedza kuenzana kwemahormone uye kuona kuti nguva yekubereka yakwana. Sisitimu yetsinga huru (CNS) inobatsirawo mukuita kwekubereka uye kushanda pabonde kuburikidza nenzira dzakaoma dzetsinga dzinosanganisira manzwiro uye zvinopinda mumanzwiro.
Kukura uye Kugadzirwa kweMetabolism
Kukura uye kushandiswa kwemakemikari mumuviri ndedzimwe nzvimbo dzinokosha panosangana masero emudumbu netsinga. Hypothalamus inoburitsa hormone inoburitsa mahormone ekukura (GHRH) uye somatostatin, iyo inodzora kuburitswa kwehormone yekukura (GH) kubva mupituitary anterior. GH, zvakare, inokanganisa kukura uye mashandiro emuviri nekusimudzira kugadzirwa kwemapuroteni, kushandiswa kwemafuta mumuviri, uye kuwanda kwemasero.
Gland rethyroid, richitungamirirwa nehormone inokurudzira thyroid (TSH) kubva ku anterior pituitary, rinoburitsa mahormone ethyroid (T3 naT4). Mahormone aya akakosha pakudzora mwero we metabolic rate, kugadzirwa kwesimba, uye kukura kwese. CNS inogadzirisa zviito zve hypothalamus ne pituitary kuburikidza nemhinduro kubva kumahormone ethyroid, kuchengetedza kuenzana uye metabolic homeostasis.
Psychoneuroendocrinology: Kubatana Kwepfungwa Nemuviri
Hukama huri pakati petsinga nehurongwa hweendocrine hunoumba hwaro hwe psychoneuroendocrinology, munda wezvidzidzo zvakasiyana-siyana unoongorora kuti zvinhu zvepfungwa zvinopesvedzera sei mashandiro e endocrine uye zvinopesana. Kushushikana kwenguva refu, semuenzaniso, kunogona kukanganisa HPA axis, zvichikonzera kusarongeka kwemazinga e cortisol, zvichikonzera hutano hwepfungwa, mashandiro ekudzivirira muviri, uye zvirwere zvisingaperi.
Kugara zvakanaka mupfungwa uye matambudziko ehutano hwepfungwa, akadai sekuzvidya mwoyo uye kuora mwoyo, zvinokanganiswa nekudyidzana kwe neuroendocrine. Kusashanda zvakanaka kwe neurotransmitters (semuenzaniso, serotonin ne dopamine) uye mahormone (semuenzaniso, cortisol nemahormone e thyroid) zvinogona kukonzera matambudziko emanzwiro. Kunzwisisa kubatana uku kwakaoma kwakakosha pakugadzira mishonga inoshanda uye nzira dzakazara dzehutano hwepfungwa.
mhedziso
Kudyidzana kuripo pakati pema endocrine netsinga ndiko kwakakosha pakukwanisa kwemuviri kuchengetedza homeostasis, kupindura kushushikana, uye kudzora maitiro akakosha emuviri. Kubva pakupindura kushushikana uye kurongeka kwekubereka kusvika pakukura, metabolism, uye kugara zvakanaka kwepfungwa, kubatana kwema system aya kunosimbisa kuoma kwehupenyu hwevanhu. Kufambira mberi mukutsvagisa kuri kuramba kuchiburitsa pachena nzira dzakadzika dziri pasi pekudyidzana uku, zvichipa nzwisiso itsva muhutano nekutarisira zvirwere. Kubatanidzwa kweruzivo rwema endocrine netsinga kunovimbisa kuwedzera kugona kwedu kugadzira nzira dzakakwana uye dzakasarudzika dzekurapa, pakupedzisira kuvandudza hutano hwevanhu nekugara zvakanaka.
