Kuedza kwaYoung kwekucheka kaviri - matambudziko nemhinduro
1. d idaro riri pakati pemipata miviri, L idaro riri pakati pemipata nechidzitiro chekuona, P 2 idaro riri pakati pemucheto wechipiri nepakati pechidzitiro. Sarudza urefu hwechiedza (1 Å = 10 -10 m).
Zvinozivikanwa:
Kureba pakati pemipata miviri (d) = 1 mm = 1 x 10 -3 m
Kureba pakati pemugero nechidzitiro chekuona (L) = 1 m
Kureba pakati pemupendero wechipiri nepakati pemupendero (P 2 ) = 1 mm = 1 x 10 -3 m
Odha (n) = 2
Zvinodiwa: kureba kwechiedza (λ)
Solution:
Kuenzanisa kwekupindirana kwemativi maviri ( constitutive interference ) :
d sin θ = n λ
chivi θ ≈ tan θ = P 2 / L = (1 x 10 -3 ) / 1 = 1 x 10 -3 m
Kureba kwechiedza:
λ = d sin θ / n
λ = (1 x 10 -3 )(1 x 10 -3 ) / 2 = (1 x 10 -6 ) / 2
λ = 0.5 x 10 -6 m = 5 x 10 -7 m
λ = 5000 x 10 -10 m
λ = 5000 Å
2. Mufananidzo uri pazasi unoratidza mhedzisiro yekupindirana kwemativi maviri. Sarudza hurefu hwemwenje (1 m = 10 10 Å)
Zvinozivikanwa:
Kureba pakati pemipata miviri (d) = 0.8 mm = 8 x 10-4 m
Kureba pakati pemugero nechidzitiro chekuona (L) = 1 m
Kureba pakati pemupendero wechina nepakati (P) = 3 mm = 3 x 10 -3 m
Odha (n) = 4
Zvinodiwa: Hurefu hwechiedza (λ)
Solution:
Kuenzanisa kwekupindirana kwemativi maviri ( constitutive interference ) :
d sin θ = n λ
chivi θ ≈ tan θ = P / L = (3 x 10 -3 ) / 1 = 3 x 10 -3 ini
Kureba kwechiedza:
λ = d sin θ / n
λ = (8 x 10 -4 )(3 x 10 -3 ) / 4 = (24 x 10 -7 ) / 4
λ = 6 x 10 -7 m = 6000 x 10 -10 m
λ = 6000 Å
3. Zvichibva pamufananidzo uri pazasi, mapoinzi A naB ndiwo mapendekete maviri ekutanga akajeka ekupindira uye kureba kwechiedza i6000 Å (1 Å = 10 -10 m). Sarudza daro riri pakati pemaburi maviri.
Zvinozivikanwa:
Kureba pakati pemugero nechidzitiro chekuona (L) = 1 m
Kureba kwechiedza (λ) = 6000 Å = 6000 x 10 -10 m = 6 x 10 -7 m
Kureba pakati pemupendero wekutanga nepakati pemupendero (P) = 0.2 mm = 0.2 x 10 -3 m = 2 x 10 -4 m
Odha (n) = 1
Zvinodiwa: Kureba pakati pemipata miviri (d)
Solution:
Kuenzanisa kwekupindira kwekuvaka:
d = n λ / sin θ
chivi θ ≈ tan θ = P / L = (2 x 10 -4 ) / 1 = 2 x 10 -4 m
Kureba pakati pemipata miviri:
d = n λ / chivi θ = (1)(6 x 10 -7 ) / (2 x 10 -4 )
d = (6 x 10 -7 ) / (2 x 10 -4 ) = (3 x 10 -3 )
d = 0.003 m
d = 3 mm
Matambudziko gumi ane chekuita nekuyedza kwaYoung kwe double-slit pamwe chete nemhinduro dzavo:
1. Dambudziko: Mukuyedza kwe "double-slit", maitiro ekupindira anonyangarika kana imwe ye "slits" yavharwa. Sei?
Mhinduro: Kana gomba rimwe chete rakavharwa, chiedza chinogona kupfuura nepagomba rimwe chete, zvinoreva kuti hapana kupindirana kunobva kunzvimbo mbiri. Ndokusaka tichiona patani ye diffraction ine gomba rimwe chete panzvimbo pe patani ye kupindirana ine gomba kaviri.
2. Dambudziko: Maitiro ekupindira anochinja kana ndiro yegirazi yaiswa pamberi peimwe yemipata. Sei?
Mhinduro: Girazi rinounza shanduko yechikamu muchiedza chinopfuura nepakati paro. Kuchinja kwechikamu uku kunokonzera musiyano wenzira pakati pemafungu echiedza anobva mumipata miviri, nokudaro zvichichinja maitiro ekupindira.
3. Dambudziko: Daro riri pakati pemipendero yekupindana kwechiedza rinoderera sezvo hupamhi hwechiedza chinoshandiswa huchiwedzerwa. Tsanangura.
Mhinduro: Muganho we fringe Δ� unopiwa na Δ�= apo ndiyo wavelength, ndiyo daro kubva pamaslits kuenda kuscreen, uye ndiyo daro riri pakati peslits. Sezvo ichiwedzera, Δ� inowedzerawo.
4. Dambudziko: Kana chiedza chitsvuku che monochromatic chikatsiviwa nechiedza chebhuruu che monochromatic, nzvimbo ye fringe space inoderera. Sei?
Mhinduro: Chiedza chebhuruu chine urefu hwewavelength hupfupi pane chiedza chitsvuku. Sezvo nzvimbo iri pakati pemapendekete Δ� inoenderana zvakananga ne (wavelength), pfupi ichaita kuti pave ne Δ� diki.
5. Dambudziko: Maitiro ekupindira haaonekwe kana daro riri pakati pemipata miviri rakanyanya kukura. Sei?
Mhinduro: Kune mapatani ekupindira anoonekwa, musiyano wenzira unofanirwa kunge uri pakurongeka kwehurefu hwechiedza. Kana mipata iri kure zvakanyanya, kona iyo kupindirana kwekuvaka kana kuparadza kunoitika idiki kwazvo kuti isasiyanise mipendero.
6. Dambudziko: Maitiro ekupindira anonyangarika kana chiedza chakanyanya kupararira kana kusanyatsoenderana. Sei?
Mhinduro: Kuti kupindirana kuitike, mafungu echiedza anofanira kunge akabatana, zvichireva kuti anochengetedza hukama hwechikamu chakafanana. Manyuko akafara kana asina kurongeka anogadzira mafungu echiedza ane hukama hwechikamu chakasarudzika, zvichibvisa maitiro akajeka ekupindirana.
7. Dambudziko: Maitiro ekupindira anochinja kana mudziyo wanyikwa mumvura. Tsanangura.
Mhinduro: Kunyudza mudziyo mumvura kunochinja kumhanya kwechiedza. Hurefu hwemwenje mumvura hunodzikira zvichienzaniswa nemvura. Sezvo nzvimbo iri pakati pe fringe Δ� inoenderana zvakananga ne , maitiro ekupindira anochinja.
8. Dambudziko: Mudzidzi anoona kupindira kusina kujeka. Chii chingave chikonzero?
Mhinduro: Kusviba kunogona kukonzerwa nezvikonzero zvakasiyana-siyana: mipata inogona kunge isina kufanana, sikirini inogona kunge isiri yakatarisana nenzira yechiedza, kana kuti chiedza chinogona kunge chisina kubatana zvakakwana.
9. Dambudziko: Mipendero haina kuenzana zvakaenzana. Sei?
Mhinduro: Izvi zvinogona kunge zvichikonzerwa nekusafanana kwehupamhi hwemipata kana nzvimbo isina kurongeka pakati pemipata. Kusakwana mugadziriro yekuedza kunogona kutungamira kumiganhu isina kuenzana.
10. Dambudziko: Maitiro ekupindira haaonekwe zvachose kana chiedza chichena chikashandiswa, asi mucheto wakajeka wepakati unoonekwa. Tsanangura.
Mhinduro: Chiedza chichena chinoumbwa nemavara akasiyana-siyana (mafungu echiedza). Ruvara rwega rwega ruchapindira munzvimbo dzakasiyana nekuda kwemafungu arwo akasiyana. Kupindirana kwemapatani aya kuchabvisa maitiro akasiyana ekupindira, zvichisiya mucheto muchena wepakati apo mavara ese anokanganisa zvine hunyanzvi.
Cherechedza: Matambudziko nemhinduro zviri pamusoro apa zvinoratidzwa nenzira iri nyore kuti zvive nyore kunzwisisa. Mukuedza chaiko, zvimwe zvinhu zvinogona kuita basa mukucherechedza.
