Kuedza kwaYoung kwekucheka kaviri - matambudziko nemhinduro
1. d ndiyo daro riri pakati pemipata miviri, L ndiyo mufambo pakati pemupata nechidzitiro chekuona, P2 ndiyo daro riri pakati pemucheto wepiri nepakati pechidzitiro. Sarudza kuti wavelength yechiedza (1 Å = 10-10 m).
Zvinozivikanwa:
Kureba pakati pemipata miviri (d) = 1 mm = 1 x 10-3 m
Kureba pakati pemugero nechidzitiro chekuona (L) = 1 m
Daro riri pakati pemupendero wechipiri nepakati pemupendero (P)2) = 1 mm = 1 x 10-3 m
Odha (n) = 2
Zvaidiwa: kureba kwechiedza (λ)
Solution:
Kuenzanisa kwe kupindirana kwemativi maviri (kupindira kunovaka) :
d sin θ = n λ
chivi θ ≈ tan θ = P2 / L = (1 x 10-3) / 1 = 1 x 10-3 m
Kureba kwechiedza:
λ = d sin θ / n
λ = (1 x 10-3)(1 x 10-3) / 2 = (1 x 10-6/ 2
λ = 0.5 x 10-6 m = 5 x 10-7 m
λ = 5000 x 10-10 m
λ = 5000 Å
2. Mufananidzo uri pazasi unoratidza mhedzisiro yekupindirana kwemativi maviri. Sarudza hurefu hwemafungu echiedza (1 m = 10)10 Å)
Zvinozivikanwa:
Kureba pakati pemipata miviri (d) = 0.8 mm = 8 x 10-4 m
Kureba pakati pemugero nechidzitiro chekuona (L) = 1 m
Kureba pakati pemupendero wechina nepakati (P) = 3 mm = 3 x 10-3 m
Odha (n) = 4
Zvaidiwa: Kureba kwechiedza (λ)
Solution:
Kuenzanisa kwekupindirana kwemativi maviri (kupindira kunovaka) :
d sin θ = n λ
chivi θ ≈ tan θ = P / L = (3 x 10-3) / 1 = 3 x 10-3 me
Kureba kwechiedza:
λ = d sin θ / n
λ = (8 x 10-4)(3 x 10-3) / 4 = (24 x 10-7/ 4
λ = 6 x 10-7 m = 6000 x 10-10 m
λ = 6000 Å
3. Zvichibva pamufananidzo uri pazasi, mapoinzi A naB ndiwo mapini maviri ekutanga akajeka ekupindira uye kureba kwechiedza i6000 Å (1 Å = 10-10 m). Sarudza daro riri pakati pemipata miviri.
Zvinozivikanwa:
Kureba pakati pemugero nechidzitiro chekuona (L) = 1 m
Kureba kwechiedza (λ) = 6000 Å = 6000 x 10-10 m = 6 x 10-7 m
Kureba pakati pemupendero wekutanga nepakati (P) = 0.2 mm = 0.2 x 10-3 m = 2 x 10-4 m
Odha (n) = 1
Zvaidiwa: Kureba pakati pemipata miviri (d)
Solution:
Kuenzanisa kwekupindira kwekuvaka:
d = n λ / sin θ
chivi θ ≈ tan θ = P / L = (2 x 10-4) / 1 = 2 x 10-4 m
Kureba pakati pemipata miviri:
d = n λ / chivi θ = (1)(6 x 10-7) / (2 x 10-4)
d = (6 x 10-7) / (2 x 10-4) = (3 x 10-3)
d = 0.003 m
d = 3 mm
Matambudziko gumi ane chekuita nekuyedza kwaYoung kwe double-slit pamwe chete nemhinduro dzavo:
1. Dambudziko: Mukuyedza kwe "double-slit", maitiro ekupindira anonyangarika kana imwe ye "slits" yavharwa. Sei?
Solution: Kana gomba rimwe chete rakavharwa, chiedza chinogona kupfuura nepagomba rimwe chete, zvinoreva kuti hapana kupindirana kunobva kunzvimbo mbiri. Ndosaka tichiona patani ye diffraction ine gomba rimwe chete panzvimbo pe patani ye double-slit interference.
2. Dambudziko: Maitiro ekupindirana anochinja kana ndiro yegirazi yakaiswa pamberi peimwe yemipata. Sei?
Solution: Ndiro yegirazi inounza shanduko yechikamu muchiedza chinopfuura nepakati payo. Kuchinja kwechikamu uku kunokonzera musiyano wenzira pakati pemafungu echiedza anobva mumipata miviri, nokudaro zvichichinja maitiro ekupindira.
3. Dambudziko: Daro riri pakati pemipendero yekupindana kwechiedza rinoderera sezvo hupamhi hwechiedza chinoshandiswa huchiwedzerwa. Tsanangura.
Solution: Nzvimbo yemuganhu � inopiwa ne �=��� apo ndiyo kureba kwewavelength, chinhambwe kubva pamaburi kuenda kuchiratidziro, uye ndiyo daro riri pakati pemipata. US inowedzera, � inowedzerawo.
4. Dambudziko: Kana chiedza chitsvuku che monochromatic chikatsiviwa nechiedza chebhuruu che monochromatic, nzvimbo yepakati pemapendekete inoderera. Sei?
Solution: Chiedza chebhuruu chine urefu hwewavelength hupfupi pane chiedza chitsvuku. Sekupatsanurana kwemupendero we fringe Δ� zvinoenderana zvakananga ne (hurefu hwemafungu), pfupi zvichaguma nekadiki Δ�.
5. Dambudziko: Maitiro ekupindirana haaonekwe kana daro riri pakati pemipata miviri rakanyanya kukura. Sei?
Solution: Pakuonekwa kwemaitiro ekupindirana, musiyano wenzira unofanirwa kunge uri pakurongeka kwehurefu hwechiedza. Kana mipata iri kure zvakanyanya, kona iyo kupindirana kwekuvaka kana kuparadza kunoitika idiki kwazvo kuti isasiyanise mipendero.
6. Dambudziko: Maitiro ekupindira anonyangarika kana chiedza chiri chakakura zvakanyanya kana kuti chisina kujeka. Sei?
Solution: Kuti kupindirana kuitike, mafungu echiedza anofanira kunge akabatana, zvichireva kuti anochengetedza hukama hwechikamu chakafanana. Manyuko akafara kana asina kurongeka anogadzira mafungu echiedza ane hukama hwechikamu chakasarudzika, zvichibvisa maitiro akajeka ekupindirana.
7. Dambudziko: Maitiro ekupindira anochinja kana mudziyo wacho wanyikwa mumvura. Tsanangura.
Solution: Kunyudza mudziyo mumvura kunochinja kumhanya kwechiedza. Kureba kwechiedza mumvura kunoderedzwa kana tichienzanisa nemvura. Sezvo nzvimbo iri pakati pemipendero yechiedza Δ� zvinoenderana zvakananga ne , maitiro ekupindira anochinja.
8. Dambudziko: Mudzidzi anoona kupindira kusina kujeka. Chii chingave chikonzero?
Solution: Kusviba uku kunogona kukonzerwa nezvikonzero zvakasiyana-siyana: mipata inogona kunge isina kufanana, sikirini inogona kunge isina kuenderana zvakakwana nenzira yechiedza, kana kuti chiedza chinogona kunge chisina kuenzana zvakakwana kana kubatana.
9. Dambudziko: Mipendero haina kuenzana zvakaenzana. Sei?
Solution: Izvi zvinogona kunge zvichikonzerwa nekusafanana kwehupamhi hwemipata kana nzvimbo isina kurongeka pakati pemipata. Kusakwana mugadziriro yekuedza kunogona kutungamira kumiganhu isina kuenzana.
10. Dambudziko: Maitiro ekupindira haaonekwe zvachose kana chiedza chichena chikashandiswa, asi mucheto wakajeka wepakati unoonekwa. Tsanangura.
Solution: Chiedza chichena chinoumbwa nemavara akasiyana-siyana (mafungu echiedza). Ruvara rumwe nerumwe ruchapindira munzvimbo dzakasiyana nekuda kwemafungu arwo akasiyana. Kupindirana kwemapatani aya kuchabvisa maitiro akasiyana ekupindira, zvichisiya mucheto muchena wepakati apo mavara ese anokanganisa zvine hunyanzvi.
Cherechedza: Matambudziko nemhinduro zviri pamusoro apa zvinoratidzwa nenzira iri nyore kuti zvive nyore kunzwisisa. Mukuedza chaiko, zvimwe zvinhu zvinogona kuita basa mukucherechedza.
