30 Mutemo wekutanga wethermodynamics - matambudziko nemhinduro
1. 3000 J yekupisa inowedzerwa musystem uye 2500 J yekushanda inoitiswa nesystem. Chii chiri kuchinja kwesimba remukati mesystem?
Zvinozivikanwa:
Kupisa (Q) = +3000 Joule
Basa (W) = +2500 Joule
Zvinodiwa: shanduko yesimba remukati mehurongwa
Solution:
Kuenzanisa kwemutemo wekutanga wethermodynamics
ΔU = QW
Mienzaniso yezviratidzo:
Q inoratidza kuti kupisa kwacho kwakawedzerwa musystem.
W inoratidza kuti basa raitwa nehurongwa
Q haina kunaka kana kupisa kukabuda musystem
W inoreva kuti hapana kana basa raitwa pasystem
Kuchinja kwesimba remukati mehurongwa:
ΔU = 3000-2500
ΔU = 500 Joule
Simba remukati rinowedzera ne500 Joules.
2. 2000 J yekupisa inowedzerwa kune imwe system uye 2500 J yekushanda inoitirwa pane system. Chii chiri kuchinja kwesimba remukati me system?
Zvinozivikanwa:
Kupisa (Q) = +2000 Joule
Basa (W) = -2500 Joule
Zvinodiwa: Kuchinja kwesimba remukati mehurongwa
Solution:
ΔU = QW
ΔU = 2000-(-2500)
ΔU = 2000+2500
ΔU = 4500 Joule
Simba remukati rinowedzera ne4500 Joules.
3. 2000 J yekupisa inobva musystem uye 2500 J yekushanda inopedzwa pasystem. Chii chiri kuchinja kwesimba remukati mesystem?
Zvinozivikanwa:
Kupisa (Q) = -2000 Joule
Basa (W) = -3000 Joule
Zvinodiwa: Kuchinja kwesimba remukati mehurongwa
Solution:
ΔU = QW
ΔU = -2000-(-3000)
ΔU = -2000+3000
ΔU = 1000 Joule
Simba remukati rinowedzera ne4500 Joules.
Mhedziso:
- Kana kupisa kukaiswa musystem, simba remukati mesystem rinowedzera
- Kana kupisa kukabuda musystem, simba remukati mesystem rinoderera
- Kana basa rikaitwa nehurongwa, simba remukati mehurongwa rinoderera
- Kana basa raitwa pahurongwa, simba remukati mehurongwa rinowedzera
4. Verenga shanduko yesimba remukati remamoles maviri egasi rakakodzera kana 400 J yekupisa yawedzerwa, uye gasi racho richikura, zvichiita 300 J yekushanda munzvimbo yakaripoteredza.
Solution:
Kushandisa mutemo wekutanga wethermodynamics: \( \Delta U = Q – W \):
\[ \Delta U = 400 – 300 = 100\, \text{J} \]
5. Sarudza kutamiswa kwekupisa kwesisitimu inoita 200 J yebasa pane zvakaipoteredza uye ine shanduko musimba remukati re50 J.
Solution:
Kushandisa mutemo wekutanga wethermodynamics:
\[ Q = \Delta U + W = 50 + 200 = 250\, \text{J} \]
6. Verenga basa rinoitwa nesystem kana ichitora 600 J yekupisa uye simba rayo remukati richiwedzera ne150 J.
Solution:
Kushandisa mutemo wekutanga wethermodynamics:
\[
W = Q – \Delta U = 600 – 150 = 450\, \text{J}
\]
7. Sarudza kutamiswa kwekupisa kwesisitimu inoita basa re500 J uye simba rayo remukati rinoderera ne100 J.
Solution:
Kushandisa mutemo wekutanga wethermodynamics:
\[
Q = \Delta U + W = (-100) + 500 = 400\, \text{J}
\]
8. Verenga shanduko yesimba remukati kana 300 J yekupisa yakarasika uye 200 J yebasa raitwa pasystem.
Solution:
Kushandisa mutemo wekutanga wethermodynamics:
\[
\Delta U = -300 + 200 = -100\, \text{J}
\]
9. Sarudza basa rinoitwa pasystem kana yarasikirwa ne400 J yekupisa uye simba rayo remukati rakaderera ne200 J.
Solution:
Kushandisa mutemo wekutanga wethermodynamics:
\[
W = \Delta U – Q = (-200) – (-400) = 200\, \text{J}
\]
10. Verenga kutamiswa kwekupisa kana simba remukati mesisitimu rikawedzera ne100 J uye 50 J yebasa raitwa pasisitimu.
Solution:
Kushandisa mutemo wekutanga wethermodynamics:
\[
Q = \Delta U + W = 100 + 50 = 150\, \text{J}
\]
11. Sarudza shanduko yesimba remukati kana sisitimu ikatora 250 J yekupisa uye ikaita 150 J yekushanda pane zvakaipoteredza.
Solution:
Kushandisa mutemo wekutanga wethermodynamics:
\[
\Delta U = Q – W = 250 – 150 = 100\, \text{J}
\]
12. Verenga basa rinoitwa nesystem kana yarasikirwa ne300 J yekupisa, uye simba rayo remukati rakaderera ne100 J.
Solution:
Kushandisa mutemo wekutanga wethermodynamics:
\[
W = Q – \Delta U = -300 – (-100) = -200\, \text{J}
\]
13. Sarudza kuti chii chinotamiswa kupisa kwesystem inoita 400 J yekushanda pane zvakaipoteredza uye simba rayo remukati rinowedzera ne150 J.
Solution:
Kushandisa mutemo wekutanga wethermodynamics:
\[
Q = \Delta U + W = 150 + 400 = 550\, \text{J}
\]
14. Verenga shanduko yesimba remukati kana 500 J yekupisa yawedzerwa, uye sisitimu ichiita 300 J yekushanda pane zvakaipoteredza.
Solution:
Kushandisa mutemo wekutanga wethermodynamics:
\[
\Delta U = Q – W = 500 – 300 = 200\, \text{J}
\]
15. Sarudza basa rinoitwa nehurongwa pahunotora 600 J yekupisa, uye simba rayo remukati rinowedzera ne200 J.
Solution:
Kushandisa mutemo wekutanga wethermodynamics:
\[
W = Q – \Delta U = 600 – 200 = 400\, \text{J}
\]
16. Verenga kutamiswa kwekupisa kana sisitimu ichiita basa re 700 J uye simba rayo remukati richiderera ne 300 J.
Solution:
Kushandisa mutemo wekutanga wethermodynamics:
\[
Q = \Delta U + W = (-300) + 700 = 400\, \text{J}
\]
17. Sarudza shanduko yesimba remukati kana 800 J yekupisa yakarasika uye 400 J yebasa raitwa pahurongwa.
Solution:
Kushandisa mutemo wekutanga wethermodynamics:
\[
\Delta U = -800 + 400 = -400\, \text{J}
\]
18. Verenga basa rinoitwa pasystem kana yarasikirwa ne900 J yekupisa, uye simba rayo remukati rakaderera ne500 J.
Solution:
Kushandisa mutemo wekutanga wethermodynamics:
\[
W = \Delta U – Q = (-500) – (-900) = 400\, \text{J}
\]
19. Sarudza kutamiswa kwekupisa kana simba remukati mesisitimu rikawedzera ne600 J, uye 300 J yebasa raitwa pasisitimu.
Solution:
Kushandisa mutemo wekutanga wethermodynamics:
\[
Q = \Delta U + W = 600 + 300 = 900\, \text{J}
\]
20. Verenga shanduko yesimba remukati kana sisitimu ikatora 700 J yekupisa uye ikaita 350 J yekushanda pane zvakaipoteredza.
Solution:
Kushandisa mutemo wekutanga wethermodynamics:
\[
\Delta U = Q – W = 700 – 350 = 350\, \text{J}
\]
21. Sarudza basa rinoitwa nehurongwa kana huchirasikirwa ne800 J yekupisa, uye simba rayo remukati richiderera ne400 J.
Solution:
Kushandisa mutemo wekutanga wethermodynamics:
\[
W = Q – \Delta U = -800 – (-400) = -400\, \text{J}
\]
22. Verenga kutamiswa kwekupisa kana sisitimu ichiita basa re900 J panzvimbo yakapoteredza, uye simba rayo remukati richiwedzera ne450 J.
Solution:
Kushandisa mutemo wekutanga wethermodynamics:
\[
Q = \Delta U + W = 450 + 900 = 1350\, \text{J}
\]
23. Sarudza shanduko yesimba remukati kana 1000 J yekupisa yawedzerwa, uye sisitimu ichiita 500 J yekushanda pane zvakaipoteredza.
Solution:
Kushandisa mutemo wekutanga wethermodynamics:
\[
\Delta U = Q – W = 1000 – 500 = 500\, \text{J}
\]
24. Verenga basa rinoitwa nesystem iyi kana ichitora 1100 J yekupisa, uye simba rayo remukati richiwedzera ne550 J.
Solution:
Kushandisa mutemo wekutanga wethermodynamics:
\[
W = Q – \Delta U = 1100 – 550 = 550\, \text{J}
\]
25. Sarudza kutamiswa kwekupisa kana sisitimu ichiita basa re 1200 J, uye simba rayo remukati richiderera ne 600 J.
Solution:
Kushandisa mutemo wekutanga wethermodynamics:
\[
Q = \Delta U + W = (-600) + 1200 = 600\, \text{J}
\]
26. Verenga shanduko yesimba remukati kana 1300 J yekupisa yakarasika, uye 650 J yebasa raitwa pasystem.
Solution:
Kushandisa mutemo wekutanga wethermodynamics:
\[
\Delta U = -1300 + 650 = -650\, \text{J}
\]
27. Sarudza basa rinoitwa pasystem kana ikarasikirwa ne1400 J yekupisa, uye simba rayo remukati richiderera ne700 J.
Solution:
Kushandisa mutemo wekutanga wethermodynamics:
\[
W = \Delta U – Q = (-700) – (-1400) = 700\, \text{J}
\]
28. Verengai kutamiswa kwekupisa kana simba remukati mesisitimu rikawedzera ne800 J, uye 400 J yebasa raitwa pasisitimu.
Solution:
Kushandisa mutemo wekutanga wethermodynamics:
\[
Q = \Delta U + W = 800 + 400 = 1200\, \text{J}
\]
29. Sarudza shanduko yesimba remukati kana sisitimu ikatora 1500 J yekupisa uye ikaita 750 J yekushanda pane zvakaipoteredza.
Solution:
Kushandisa mutemo wekutanga wethermodynamics:
\[
\Delta U = Q – W = 1500 – 750 = 750\, \text{J}
\]
30. Verenga basa rinoitwa nesystem kana yarasikirwa ne1600 J yekupisa, uye simba rayo remukati rakaderera ne800 J.
Solution:
Kushandisa mutemo wekutanga wethermodynamics:
\[
W = Q – \Delta U = -1600 – (-800) = -800\, \text{J}
\]
Matambudziko aya nemhinduro dzakagadzirirwa kupa kunzwisisa kwakazara kwemutemo wekutanga wethermodynamics, uyo unoti shanduko yesimba remukati mesystem yakavharwa yakaenzana nekupisa kunowedzerwa kusystem kunze kwebasa rinoitwa nesystem.
