Chinyorwa nezve Mashandisirwo eBernoullis principle uye Bernoullis equation
Dzidziso yaTorricelli
Imwe yenzira dzinoshandiswa naBernoulli ndeyekuverenga kumhanya kwekubuda kwemvura kubva pasi pemudziyo (ona mufananidzo).
Tinoshandisa equation yaBernoulli panzvimbo yekutanga (pamusoro pemudziyo) uye nzvimbo yechipiri (pamusoro pegomba). Nekuti dhayamita yegomba riri pasi pemudziyo idiki zvikuru pane dhayamita yemudziyo, kumhanya kwemvura iri pamusoro pemudziyo kunoonekwa se zero (v 1 = 0). Nzvimbo yepamusoro pemudziyo nepamusoro pegomba zvakavhurika kuitira kuti kumanikidzwa kwakaenzana nekumanikidzwa kwemhepo (P 1 = P 2 ). Saka, equation yaBernoulli yenyaya iyi ndeiyi:
Kana tichida kuverenga kumhanya kwekuyerera kwemvura mugomba riri pasi pemudziyo, saka equation iyi inoshandurwa kuita:
Kuwanda kwemvura iri mumvura kwakafanana zvekuti ρ inobviswa.
Zvichibva pamuenzaniso uyu, kumhanya kwemvura mugomba rinobva pamusoro pechirongo kwakafanana ne
kumhanya kwekuyerera kwemvura kunodonha kusvika pa h (enzanisa nekufamba kwemvura yakasununguka). Izvi zvinozivikanwa sedzidziso yaTorricelli. Pfungwa iyi yakawanikwa naTorricelli, mudzidzi waGalileo, zana remakore Bernoulli asati awana equation iyi.
Venturi mhedzisiro
Kuwedzera kune dzidziso yaTorricelli, equation yaBernoulli inogonawo kushandiswa kune dzimwe nyaya dzinokosha, kureva apo mvura inoyerera muchikamu chepombi chakareba zvakafanana. Kuti unzwisise tsananguro iyi, tarisa mufananidzo uri pazasi.
Mumufananidzo uri pamusoro apa zvinoita sekunge kukwirira kwepombi, zvese chikamu chepombi chine nzvimbo yakakura yemuchinjikwa uye
chikamu chepombi chine nzvimbo diki, chakafanana zvekuti kukwirira kwacho kwakaenzana. Kana chikashandiswa munyaya iyi, equation yaBernoulli inoshanduka kuita:
Kana mvura ichipfuura nepachikamu chidiki chepombi (A2), mwero wemvura unowedzera. Zvichienderana nepfungwa yaBernoulli, kana kumhanya kwemvura kukawedzera, kumanikidzwa kwemvura kunova kudiki. Kumanikidzwa kwemvura iri muchikamu chakamanikana chepombi kwakaderera, asi mwero wekufamba kwemvura wakakwira.
Izvi zvinozivikanwa seVenturi effect uye zvinoratidza huwandu hwekuti kana mwero wekuyerera kwemvura wakakwira, kumanikidzwa kwemvura kunova kudiki. Saizvozvowo, kana mwero wekuyerera kwemvura wakaderera, kumanikidzwa kwemvura kunova kukuru.
Venturi mita
Chinhu chinonakidza kushandisa venturi effect iVenturi Meter. Chishandiso ichi chinoshandiswa kuyera mwero wekuyerera kwemvura, semuenzaniso, kuverenga mwero wekuyerera kwemvura kana mafuta ari kuyerera nemupombi. Kune mhando mbiri dzeventuri metres, dzinoti venturi metres dzisina manometers uye venturi metres dzinoshandisa manometer ine zvimwe zvinwiwa, zvakaita semercury. Pfungwa yekushanda yakafanana.
Venturi mita isina manometer
Mufananidzo uri pazasi unoratidza venturi meter inoshandiswa kuyera mwero wekuyerera kwemvura mupombi.
Kana mvura yacho ichipinda nepachikamu chidiki chepombi (A2), the mwero wemvura unowedzera. Zvichienderana nepfungwa yaBernoulli, kana mwero wemvura ukawedzera, kumanikidzwa kwemvura kunova kudiki. Saka, kumanikidzwa kwemvura muchikamu chikuru kwakakura kupfuura kumanikidzwa kwemvura muchikamu chidiki (P).1 > P2). Pane kudaro, v2 > v1
Nekuti P1> P2 uye v2> v1 ipapo equation iyi inogona kuchinjwa kuita:
Chiyero 1.
Kuenzanisa kwekuenderera mberi:
Chiyero 2.
Chiri kutsvagwa chiyero chekuyerera kwemvura muchikamu chikuru (v)1Tinotsiva v2 muequation 1 na v2 muequation 2.
Chiyero 3.
Kuti uverenge kumanikidzwa kwemvura pakadzika kwakati, shandisa equation:
p = ρ gh → Equation a
Kana musiyano wehuwandu hwemvura uri mudiki, shandisa equation iyi kuona musiyano wekumanikidzwa pahurefu hwakasiyana. Saka, equation a inogona kuchinjwa kuita:
Δ p = ρ g Δh
Panyaya iri pamusoro apa, equation iyi inogona kuchinjwa kuita:
p1 p2 = ρ gh → Equation b
Iye zvino tava kutsiva p1 - p2 muequation 3, na p1 - p2 muequation b:
Nekuti mvura yakafanana, huwandu hwehuwandu hwakafananawo. Bvisa ρ kubva muequation.
Machubhu ePitot
Kana venturi meter ichishandiswa kuyera mwero wekuyerera kwemvura, pitot tube inoshandiswa kuyera mwero wekuyerera kwegasi kana mhepo. Buri riri panzvimbo yekutanga rakafanana nekuyerera kwemhepo. Nzvimbo yemaburi maviri aya yakagadzirwa kure zvakakwana kubva kumagumo epitot tube kuitira kuti mwero nekumanikidzwa kwemhepo iri kunze kwegomba zvive zvakafanana nekumhanya nekumanikidzwa kwemhepo inoyerera yakasununguka. Muchiitiko ichi, v1 = mwero wekuyerera kwemhepo inoyerera yakasununguka (izvi ndizvo zvatichayera) uye kumanikidzwa kuri patsoka yekuruboshwe yemanometer (pombi yekuruboshwe) = kumanikidzwa kwemhepo inoyerera yakasununguka (P1).
Buri rinotungamira kutsoka yekurudyi yemanometer, rakanangana nemhepo inoyerera. Nokudaro, mwero wemhepo inoyerera nepaburi iri (pakati) unoderera uye mhepo inomira kana yasvika padanho rechipiri. Muchiitiko ichi, v2 = 0. Kumanikidzwa kwetsoka yekurudyi yemanometer kwakaenzana nekumanikidzwa kwemhepo panzvimbo yechipiri (P2). Kureba kwepoindi 1 nepoindi 2 kwakafanana (musiyano hausi mukuru zvakanyanya) zvekuti unogona kuregeredzwa.
Musiyano mukumanikidzwa (P)2 - P1) = kumanikidzwa kwemvura iri mumanometer (ruvara rutema mumanometer imvura, mercury). Masvomhu anogona kunyorwa:
p2 - p1 = ρ 'gh → Equation 2
ρ '= kuwanda kwemvura mumanometer
Equation 1 ne equation 2. Chikamu chekuruboshwe chakafanana (P2 - P1). Saka, maequation 1 ne2 anogona kuchinjwa kuita:
Inwa ne pipette
Wakambonwa uchishandisa pipette here? Patinosveta mvura tichishandisa pipette, tinoita kuti mhepo iri mupipette ifambe nekukurumidza. Muchiitiko ichi, mhepo iri mupipette iri pamuromo wedu ine kumhanya kwakanyanya. Nekuda kweizvozvo, kumanikidzwa kwemhepo muchikamu chepipette kunova kudiki. Mhepo iri muchikamu chepipette iri pedyo nechinwiwa ine kumhanya kudiki. Nekuti kumhanya kudiki, kumanikidzwa kwacho kwakakura. Musiyano uyu wekumanikidzwa kwemhepo unoita kuti mvura yatinonwa ipinde mumuromo medu. Muchiitiko ichi, mvura inofamba kubva muchikamu chepipette uko kumanikidzwa kwemhepo kwakakwira kuenda kuchikamu chepipette uko kumanikidzwa kwemhepo kwakaderera.
Chimney
Wakamboona chimney here? Sei utsi huchigona kukwira nepachimney? Chekutanga, utsi hunobuda nekutsva hune tembiricha yakakwira. Nekuda kwetembiricha yakakwira, huwandu hwemhepo hudiki. Mhepo ine density diki iri nyore kuyerera kana kufamba ichienda kumusoro. Chikonzero hachisi icho chete. Pfungwa yaBernoulli inobatanidzwawo mudambudziko iri.
Chechipiri, musimboti waBernoulli unoti kana mwero wemhepo wakakwira, kumanikidzwa kunova kudiki, zvikasadaro kana mwero wemhepo wakaderera, kumanikidzwa kunova kukuru. Pamusoro pechimney panze. Pane mhepo inovhuvhuta pamusoro pechimney zvekuti kumanikidzwa kwemhepo kwakaipoteredza kushoma. Muimba yakavharwa, hapana mhepo inovhuvhuta, saka kumanikidzwa kwemhepo kwakakwira. Nokudaro, utsi hwaibuda nemuchimney. Mhepo inofamba kubva panzvimbo ine kumanikidzwa kwemhepo kwakakwira kuenda kune kumanikidzwa kwemhepo kwakaderera.
Rathole muvhu
Teerera mufananidzo uri pazasi. Uyu mufananidzo wegomba rembeva riri muvhu. Mbeva dzinozivawo musimboti waBernoulli. Mbeva hadzidi kufa nekuda kwekushaya mweya, saka mbeva dzinogadzira maburi maviri pakukwirira kwakasiyana. Nekuda kwekusiyana kwehurefu pamusoro pevhu, mhepo iri kudzvova nemhepo. Zvakafanana nemvura inoyerera kubva papombi ine dhayamita hombe ichiyambuka kuenda papombi ine dhayamita diki. Saka, kumhanya kwemhepo kunowedzera uye kumanikidzwa kwemhepo kunoderera.
Nekuti pane musiyano mukumanikidzwa kwemhepo, mhepo inomanikidzwa kuyerera nepaburi rembeva. Mhepo inoyerera kubva panzvimbo ine kumanikidzwa kwemhepo yakakwira kuenda kunzvimbo ine kumanikidzwa kwemhepo kwakaderera.
Mapapiro endege uye simba rinosimudzira
Chimwe chinhu chinoita kuti ndege dzibhururuke mapapiro. Chimiro chemapapiro chakakombama, uye pamberi pakakora kupfuura kumashure. Chimiro chemapapiro ichi chinonzi aerofoil. Pfungwa iyi yakatevedzerwa kubva pamapapiro eshiri. Chimiro chemapapiro eshiri chakafananawo (mapapiro eshiri akakombama, uye pamberi pakakora). Musiyano ndewekuti, mapapiro eshiri anogona kubhururuka, nepo mapapiro endege asingabhururuke. Shiri dzinogona kubhururuka nekuti dzinobhururuka nemapapiro adzo, saka pane mhepo inoyerera nepakati pemativi ese emapapiro. Kuti mhepo ifambe kumativi ese emapapiro endege, ndege inofanira kufambiswa mberi. Vanhu vanoshandisa michina kufambisa ndege.
Kumberi kwebapiro kwakagadzirwa kuti kukotama mudenga. Mhepo inoyerera kubva pasi ichikwikwidzana nemhepo pamusoro. Zvakafanana nemvura inoyerera kubva papombi ine chikamu chikuru chepakati kuenda papombi ine chikamu chakamanikana. Nekuda kweizvozvo, mwero wemhepo pamusoro pebapiro unowedzera. Nekuti mwero wemhepo paunowedzera, kumanikidzwa kwemhepo kunova kudiki. Kusiyana neizvi, mwero wemhepo uri pasi pebapiro wakaderera nekuti mhepo haisi kukwikwidzana (kumanikidzwa kwemhepo kwakanyanya). Kuvapo kwemusiyano uyu wekumanikidzwa, kunoita kuti mapapiro endege akwire.
Pfungwa yaBernoulli ingori imwe yezvikonzero. Chimwe chikonzero isimba. Kazhinji, bapiro rendege rinorerekera zvishoma kumusoro. Mhepo inorova pasi pebapiro inorerekera pasi. Nekuti ndege ine mapapiro maviri, kuruboshwe nekurudyi, mhepo inorerekera pasi inoroverana. Kuchinja kwesimba remhepo rinoroverana kunoita kuti pave nekukwira kwakawedzerwa.
Nekuti chimiro chebapiro chinokombama kusvika kumuswe kuitira kuti mhepo imhanye nebapiro kuti iburuke zvakare. Zvinoenderana nemutemo wechitatu waNewton nekuti kune simba rekuita, saka kune simba rekuita. Nekuti mapapiro anomanikidza mhepo kuti iburuke, mhepo inofanira kumanikidza mapapiro kuti afambe achienda kumusoro. Muchiitiko ichi, mhepo inopa simba rekusimudza pabapiro. Saka, haisiyo pfungwa yaBernoulli chete inoita kuti ndege isimuke.
