Kuti uwane nzira yekuwedzera kushanda kwe kupisa Muchina wekugadzira injini, musayendisiti wekuFrance ainzi Sadi Carnot (1796-1832) akaongorora muchina wemacalorie chaiwo muna 1824. Panguva iyoyo, mutemo wekutanga wethermodynamics wakanga usati wagadzirwa, kana mutemo wechipiri wethermodynamics. Mutemo wekutanga hausati wagadzirwa nekuti masayendisiti havasati vaziva kuti kupisa isimba. Mushure mekunge Joule nevamwe vake vaedza muma1830, masayendisiti akawana kuti kupisa isimba rinofamba nekuda kwekusiyana kwekupisa. Saka, mutemo wekutanga wethermodynamics wakagadzirwa mushure ma1830. Sadi Carnot akanga achitsvakurudza injini yemacalorie chaiyo yedzidziso muna 1824. Tsvagiridzo yake yaive yekuwedzera kushanda kweinjini yemamafuta. Mazhinji emainjini emamafuta enguva iyoyo akanga asina kushanda zvakanaka.
Mutemo wechipiri wethermodynamics
Kuti vatsanangure maitiro ethermodynamic asingadzoreki, masayendisiti vakagadzira mutemo wechipiri wethermodynamics. Mutemo wechipiri wethermodynamics unotsanangura maitiro anogona kuitika muchadenga uye maitiro asingagone kuitika. Mumwe musayendisiti anonzi RJE Clausius (1822-1888) akataura zvinotevera:
Zviri pachena kuti kupisa kunobva pazvinhu zvinopisa zvakanyanya kuenda kuzvinhu zvinopisa zvishoma; zviri pachena kuti kupisa hakubvi pazvinhu zvinopisa zvishoma kuenda kuzvinhu zvinopisa zvakanyanya (Mutemo wechipiri wethermodynamics—chirevo chaClausius).
Chirevo chaClausius ndechimwe chezvirevo zvakakosha zvemutemo wechipiri wethermodynamics. Chinonzi chirevo chakakosha nekuti chinoshanda kune imwe chete nzira, ine chekuita nekufambiswa kwekupisa. Sezvo chirevo ichi chisina chekuita nedzimwe nzira, tinoda chirevo chakazara. Kugadzirwa kwechirevo chakazara chemutemo wechipiri wethermodynamics kwakavakirwa pakudzidza kwemainjini ekupisa. Saka, tinokurukura nezvekupisa kweinjini kutanga.
Maitiro eThermodynamic: Isothermal Adiabatic Isochoric Isobaric
Maitiro eThermodynamic echinyorwa: Isothermal Adiabatic Isochoric Isobaric
Kune maitiro mana ethermodynamic, anoti Isothermal, isochoric, isobaric uye adiabatic.
Maitiro eIsothermal (tembiricha inogara iripo)
Munzira ye isothermal, tembiricha yesystem inochengetwa yakafanana. Mupfungwa, sisitimu yakaongororwa igesi yakakodzera. Tembiricha yegesi yakakodzera inoenderana zvakananga nesimba remukati regesi (U = 3/2 n RT). T haichinji, saka U haichinjiwo. Saka, kana ikashandiswa kune isothermal process, mutemo wekutanga we thermodynamic equation unova:
Mutemo wekutanga wethermodynamics
Maitiro eThermodynamic
Kupisa (Q) isimba rinofamba kubva pane chimwe chinhu kuenda kune chimwe nekuda kwekusiyana kwekupisa. Nezve masisitimu nenzvimbo, kupisa isimba rinofamba kubva pane sisitimu kuenda kune imwe kana simba richifamba kubva pane nharaunda kuenda kune imwe, nekuda kwekusiyana kwekupisa. Kana tembiricha yesisitimu yakakwira kupfuura tembiricha yeambient, kupisa kuchayerera kubva pane sisitimu kuenda kune imwe nzvimbo. Kana tembiricha yeambient yakakwira kupfuura tembiricha yesisitimu, saka kupisa kunoyerera kubva pane nharaunda kuenda kune imwe.
Kupisa (Q) isimba rinofamba nekuda kwekusiyana kwetembiricha, nepo basa (W) rine chekuita nekufambiswa kwesimba kuburikidza nebasa. Semuenzaniso, kana sisitimu ikashanda pane nharaunda, simba rinofamba kubva pane sisitimu kuenda kune nharaunda. Kusiyana neizvi, kana nharaunda ikashanda pane sisitimu, simba rinofamba kubva pane nharaunda kuenda kune imwe sisitimu.
Mafungu anotenderera - matambudziko nemhinduro
1. The mufambo Pakati pemigero miviri yemafungu emvura pane 20 m. Chinhu chinoyangarara pamusoro pemvura zvekuti chinonzwa kufamba kwekudengenyeka. Kana nguva yekufamba kwekudengenyeka kumwe chete iri masekondi mana, saka kumhanya kwemafungu ndeku …. m/s
A. 20
B. 15
C. 10
D. 5
Zvinozivikanwa:
Kumhanya kwemafungu emakanika - matambudziko nemhinduro
1. The speed of the mafungu akachinjika Patambo ine 25 metres tambo ine 50 m/s. Simba rekumanikidzwa kwetambo i200 N. Tsvaga huremu hwetambo.
A. 0.08 kg
B. 0.5 kg
C. 0.8 kg
D. 2.0 kg
Zvinozivikanwa:
Kufamba kuri nyore kweharmonic - matambudziko nemhinduro
1. Chinhu chinodedera nefrequency ye5 Hz kuenda kurudyi nekuruboshwe. Chinhu chinofamba kubva pa equilibrium point kuenda pa maximum kudzingiswa Kurudyi. Sarudza nguva inodiwa kuti usvike pakudzikama kukuru kurudyi kagumi nerimwe.
A. 2.05
B. 2.20
C. 2.25
D. 2.50
Zvinozivikanwa:
Pendulum iri nyore - matambudziko nemhinduro
1. Mapendulum maviri ari nyore ari munzvimbo mbiri dzakasiyana. Kureba kwependulum yechipiri kwakapetwa ka0.4 kupfuura kureba kwependulum yekutanga, uye kukurumidzan ye giravhiti zvakasangana ne pendulum yechipiri inopetwa ka0.9 kupfuura kukurumidza kwegiravhiti experience by pendulum yekutanga. Sarudza comparison of ari frequency of Yekutanga pendulum ku secondd pendulum.
A.///
B. 3/2
C. 4/9
D. 9/4
Kuwirirana kwemafungu eruzha - matambudziko nemhinduro
1. Mushure mekunge forogo yekuisa tuning A yazunguzwa, forogo yekuisa tuning B inozunguzwa. Forogo yekuisa tuning B inozunguzwa nekuti…..
A. Forogo yekuisa A ine amplitude yakafanana neforogo yekuisa B
B. Maforogo ese ari maviri anoshandisa bhokisi remanzwi rimwe chete
C. Forogo yekuisa B ine frequency yakafanana neforogo yekuisa A
D. Kurira kwemanzwi anokonzerwa nemaforogo ese ari maviri akafanana
mhinduro
Kumanikidzwa kwemvura - matambudziko nemhinduro
1.
AKukurumidza kukwira nekuda kwesimba rinokwevera pasi i10 N/kg. Nzvimbo yepamusoro yehove yakamanikidzwa nemvura iri pamusoro payo i6 cm2Sarudza simba remvura riri pamusoro pehove rinobata hove.
Zvinozivikanwa: