Tsanangudzo yemutemo weOhm
Munenge mune zvese zvinofambisa simbi, simba remagetsi rinoenderana nehuwandu hwemagetsi, uko chiyero chesimba remagetsi nehuwandu hwemagetsi chinoramba chiripo. Zvinoratidzwa nemasvomhu kuburikidza ne equation:
ρ = E / J
E = munda wemagetsi , ρ = resistivity , J = density yemazuva ano
Iyo ρ inogara ichishandiswa inonzi resistivity, iyo kukosha kwayo kunogara kuripo uye haitsamiri pamunda wemagetsi unoburitsa magetsi.
Kana simba remagetsi rikawedzera, huwandu hwemagetsi hunokwirawo, asi kana simba remagetsi rikadzikira, huwandu hwemagetsi hunodzikirawo,
saka chiyero chemunda wemagetsi ne density yemagetsi chinoramba chiripo. Ichi chirevo chemutemo cheOhm. Saka, equation iri pamusoro inotsanangura mutemo weOhm chete kana ρ isingachinji uye isingatsamiri pamunda wemagetsi. Mutemo weOhm haushande kana kukosha kweρ kuchichinja kana munda wemagetsi uchichinja.
Zvisinei, zviri nyore kuyera simba remagetsi (V) pane simba remagetsi (E), saka zviri nyorewo kuyera simba remagetsi (I) pane simba remagetsi (J). Nokudaro, pamusoro pekutaurwa mumunda wemagetsi, simba remagetsi uye resistivity (ρ), mutemo weOhm unoratidzwawo musimba remagetsi, simba remagetsi uye resistance yemagetsi (R).
Kutanga ongorora waya ine urefu (l), nzvimbo yechikamu (A) uye pane musiyano wemagetsi (V) pakati pemagumo maviri ewaya. Kana simba remagetsi rakafanana, saka hukama huripo pakati pesimba remagetsi nemusiyano wemagetsi hunoratidzwa muequation V = E s (equation iyi yakakurukurwa mu electrical potential). Kana density yemagetsi akafanana yakafanana,
ipapo hukama huripo pakati pemagetsi emagetsi nehuwandu hwemagetsi emagetsi hunoratidzwa muequation I = JA (equation iyi yakakurukurwa munyaya yemagetsi emagetsi).
Kuti uwane equation inotaura hukama huripo pakati pesimba remagetsi (V), simba remagetsi (I) uye kuramba kwemagetsi (R),
tsiva E naJ mu equation ye resistivity, naE mu equation ye electric potential uye J mu equation ye electric current:
Uyu muenzaniso unotsanangura hukama huripo pakati pesimba remagetsi (V), simba remagetsi (I) uye simba remagetsi (R) mu kondakita. Zvichibva pamuenzaniso uyu, zvinogona kutaurwa kuti simba remagetsi mu kondakita kuenzanisa musiyano wesimba remagetsi nesimba remagetsi riri mu kondakita.
Mutemo weOhm unoti chiyero chiri pakati pemusiyano wesimba remagetsi nemagetsi chinogara chiripo. Nemamwe mashoko, equation iyi inotsanangura mutemo weOhm chete kana resistance yemagetsi (R) iri nguva dzose. Mutemo weOhm haushande kana resistance yemagetsi isiri nguva dzose.
Muequation iri pamusoro apa, resistance yemagetsi (R) muconductor ine hukamawo ne resistivity (ρ), urefu hweconductor (l) uye cross-sectional area (A) yeconductor. Zvinoratidzwa nemasvomhu muequation:
Kuenzanisa kwemutemo weOhm
Mutemo weOhm unotsanangurwa nemaequation maviri, anoti ρ = E/J uye R = V/I. Zvinofanira kurangarirwa kuti maequation maviri aya maequation emutemo weOhm chete kana ρ iri constant uye R iri constant. Kana ρ naR zvemuchina wekufambisa zvikachinja, maequation maviri aya haatsananguri mutemo weOhm, asi ρ = E/J inotsanangura kuramba kwerudzi rwemuchina wekufambisa uye R = V/I inotsanangura kuramba kwemagetsi kwemuchina wekufambisa.
Equation ρ = E/J inogona kunyorwa seE = ρ J. Kana ρ iri constant, E inoenderana naJ, zvichireva kuti kana E ikawedzera J inowedzera kana kuti kana E ikaderera J inoderera.
Saizvozvowo, equation R = V/I inogona kunyorwa seV = I R. Kana R isingachinji ipapo V inoenderana zvakananga naI, zvichireva kuti kana V ikawedzera, saka ini ndinowedzera kana kana V ikaderera, saka ndinodzikira.
Zvinhu zvinotevedzera mutemo weOhm zvinonzi iohmic, nepo zvinhu zvisingateereri mutemo weOhm zvichinzi iohmic. Anenge maconductor ese esimbi iohmic, nepo zvimwe zvinhu zvakawanda zvisiri iohmic.
Pazvinhu zvisina hunhu hwemagetsi, kuramba kwemagetsi hakusi kwakafanana uye zvinoenderana nekusiyana kwemagetsi nemagetsi. Izvi zvinoreva kuti kana magetsi akachinja, kuramba kwemagetsi kwezvinhu zvinochinjawo, uye kana magetsi akachinja, kuramba kwemagetsi kwezvinhu zvinochinjawo. Nekuda kwekuchinja kwesimba remagetsi pane zviri muzvinhu zvisina hunhu hwemagetsi, simba remagetsi (V) harina kuenzana zvakananga nemagetsi (I).
Girafu V, I naR
Munyaya ye ohmic, chiyero che V kusvika ku I chinoramba chiripo, icho chinomiririrwa nemutsetse wakatwasuka. Muenzaniso wezvinhu zve ohmic isimbi inodzora mafambiro esimbi. Panguva imwe chete muzvinhu zvisina ohmic, chiyero che V kusvika ku I hachirambi chiripo, icho chinomiririrwa nemutsetse wakakombama. Mienzaniso yezvinhu zvisina ohmic i semiconductor diodes uye transistors.
Mutemo weOhm unoshanda chete pazvinhu zveOhm uye haushandi pazvinhu zvese, saka hazvina kukodzera kutaura mitemo yakaita semutemo waNewton kana mimwe mitemo yefizikisi. Mutemo wefizikisi unoshanda pazvinhu zvese, kwete kune zvimwe zvinhu chete. Asi kutaurwa kwemutemo weOhm kwava tsika, saka uchiri kunzi mutemo weOhm, chero bedzi zvichirangarirwa kuti mutemo weOhm unoshanda chete pazvinhu zveOhm.
