Nyaya pamusoro pemutemo waNewton wekufamba
1. Tsanangudzo yesimba
Simba chinhu chinoita kuti zvinhu zvikurumidze. Nemamwe mashoko, simba chinhu chinofamba, chinomisa, kana kuchinja mafambiro echinhu. Simba inhamba yevector, uye nekudaro, ine hukuru negwara. Chiratidzo chesimba ndiF (Simba). F chiratidzo chesimba. Kune mhando dzakasiyana dzesimba uye haasi masimba ese ane chiratidzo F. Chiyuniti chesystem yepasi rose ikg m/s2 aka Newton.
2. Tsanangudzo yesimba remagetsi
Simba rinobuda (ΣF) ndiro huwandu hwemasimba ese anoshanda pachinhu. Simba ihuwandu hwevector, saka simba rose rinoverengerwa zvichibva pamutemo wekuwedzera vector.
Simba rose = maNewton gumi, divi resimba rose kurudyi.
Simba rose = maNewton gumi, divi resimba rose kurudyi.
Simba rose = 0
Simba rose = 0
3. Mitemo yaNewton yekufamba
Mitemo yaNewton yekufamba ndiyo mitemo yefizikisi pamusoro pekufamba kwechinhu chakataurwa nenyanzvi yefizikisi yeChirungu, Isaac Newton.
3.1 Mutemo wekutanga waNewton
Mutemo wekutanga waNewton unoti chinhu chega chega chakanyarara chinofanira kuramba chakazorora, kana kuti chinhu chega chega chiri kufamba chakananga nekumhanya kwakasimba
icharamba ichifamba yakatwasuka nekumhanya kusingachinji kana simba rese richishanda pachinhu chiri zero.
ΣF = 0
Iyi equation ishoko remasvomhu kubva kumutemo wekutanga waNewton.
Ona chinhu chakakupoteredza, chakadai setafura kana dombo kana chero chinhu. Tafura iri pakadzikama icharamba yakanyarara kana ikasafambiswa kana kusapihwa simba rekunze rakadai sekusunda kana kudhonza. Hapana simba rinoshanda pamatafura kana matombo kana zvinhu zviri pakadzikama here? Pane simba rinoshanda pachinhu chacho, asi huwandu hwemasimba ese anoshanda pachinhu chacho kana simba rese izero. Masimba anoshanda pazvinhu zvichiri pamusoro pemapuraneti akaita sepasi igravity (w) uye simba remazuva ose (N). Kutungamira kwesimba regravity kwakatarisana nepakati penyika, kutungamira kwesimba remazuva ose kwakatarisana nekumusoro. Hukuru hwemasimba maviri aya hwakafanana, asi ane divi rakapesana, saka simba rese rakaenzana nezero.
Zvakadini nezvinhu zviri kufamba zvakananga nekumhanya kwakasimba? Kuti tinzwisise dambudziko iri, ngatitii wakasunda chinhu, semuenzaniso, chidimbu chesimbi, pamusoro pepasi. Mushure mekusundidzirwa, simbi inononoka yomira nekuda kwekukweshana. Kuti zvidimbu zvesimbi zvifambe kure kana kupfuura, unofanira kukwesha pasi nepamusoro peplate yesimbi. Kana pasi pakatsetseka uye pasina kukweshana, plate yesimbi icharamba ichifamba uye isingamire. Hapana simba rinoshanda paplate yesimbi iri kufamba pamusoro pepasi rakatsetseka, rakatsetseka here? Kune masimba anoshanda pamaplate esimbi, kureva simba rekukweva uye simba rakajairika. Masimba ese aya anoshanda akatwasuka uye haakanganisi kufamba kwemaplate esimbi munzira yakatwasuka kana pasi pakatsetseka.
Mutemo weChipiri waNewton unoti kana simba rose rinoshanda pachinhu risingaenzane ne zero, chinhu chacho chichakurumidza. Hukuru hwekumhanya hunoenderana nehukuru hwesimba rose uye hunoenderana nehuremu hwechinhu chacho. Kutungamira kwekumhanya kwakafanana nekutungamira kwesimba rose.
ΣF = ma
ΣF = simba rose (kg m/s2), m = huremu (kg), a = kumhanyisa (m/s)2)
Equation 1.2 ishoko remasvomhu kubva mumutemo wechipiri waNewton.
Kana kukurumidza kwakaenzana ne zero (a = 0) saka equation 1.2 inoshanduka kuita equation 1.1. Saka, mutemo wekutanga waNewton inyaya yakakosha yemutemo wechipiri waNewton. Zvichibva pa equation 1.2 zvinogumiswa kuti kana simba rakakura, kukurumidza kwacho kunowedzera. Kusiyana neizvi, kana huwandu hwacho hukuru, kukurumidza kwacho kushoma. Hukama huripo pakati pesimba, huremu, uye kukurumidza kunonzwisiswa zviri nani mushure mekunge waita bvunzo maererano neizvi.
Dambudziko remuenzaniso 1:
Sarudza hukuru uye divi rekumhanya kwezvinhu zvichibva pamufananidzo uri pamusoro apa…
Solution:
ΣF = ma
4 kg m/s2 = (1 kg) a
a = 4 kg m/s2 : 1 kg = 4 m/s2
Kukura kwekumhanya = 4 m/s2, divi rekumhanya kurudyi.
Dambudziko remuenzaniso 2:
Sarudza hukuru uye divi rekumhanya zvichibva pamufananidzo uri pamusoro apa ...
Solution:
ΣF = ma
4 kg m/s2 – 1 kg m/s2 = (1 kg) a
3 kg m/s2 = (1 kg) a
a = 3 kg m/s2 : 1 kg
a = 3 m/s 2
Kukura kwekumhanya = 3 m/s2, divi rekumhanya kurudyi.
3.2.1 Huremu (w)
Kurema isimba rinokwevera pasi rinoita basa pachinhu chine huremu.
ΣF = ma
w = mg
Equation 1.3 ndiyo equation yekuverenga huremu hwechinhu.
w = huremu (kg m/s)2), m = huremu (kg), g = kukurumidza kwegiravhiti (m/s)2). Hukuru hwekumhanya kwesimba rinokwevera pasi (g) pamusoro penyika i9.8 m/s2Kuti zvive nyore kuverenga, g inotenderedzwa kusvika 10 m/s2.
3.2.2 Simba rakajairika (N)
Simba rakajairika isimba rinoshanda pazvinhu zviviri zvinobata, umo divi resimba rakajairika rakanangana nepamusoro penzvimbo yekubata.
Tarisa zvinhu zvichiri pamusoro petafura. Simba rekukwevera pasi kana huremu rinoshandawo pachinhu chacho. Zvinhu hazvidonhe zvakasununguka semuchero unodonha kubva pamuti nekuti pane simba rakajairika. Huremu (w) nahwo hwemazuva ose (N) zvakafanana asi zvakasiyana kuitira kuti simba rose pachinhu rive zero.
ΣF = 0
N – w = 0
N = w
3.3 Mutemo wechitatu waNewton
Mutemo wechitatu waNewton unoti kana chinhu 1 chichipa simba kuchinhu 2, panguva imwe chete chinhu 2 chinopa simba kuchinhu 1. Masimba maviri aya akafanana, asi divi remasimba maviri aya rakapesana. Simba rimwe rinonzi chiito, rimwe rinonzi reaction.
Chiito cheF = – Kuita kweF
Equation 1.3 ishoko remasvomhu kubva mumutemo wechitatu waNewton. Chiratidzo chekuramba chiri muequation 1.3 chinotsanangura mafambiro esimba.
Edza kuti unzwisise zviri nani mutemo wechitatu waNewton. Kana uine skateboard, svetedza madziro wakamira paskateboard. Mushure mekusunda madziro, skateboard inodzokera kumashure. Kutungamira kwesimba rako kuri mberi, ukuwo kutungamira kweskateboard kuri kumashure.
Izvi zvinoratidza kuti rusvingo runokusimbisawo. Paunosunda rusvingo, panguva imwe chete, rusvingo runokusundawo. Simba rako rekusunda rinoshanda pamadziro, ukuwo simba rekusunda remadziro richishanda pauri. Masimba ese ari maviri akafanana asi ari kumativi akasiyana. Unogona kudana simba rimwe sechiito uye rimwe sekuita.
Imwe nzira inogona kuitwa ndeyekuputitsa bharumu rerabha uye mushure mekunge bharumu rerabha rakura nekuti razara nemhepo, bvisa bharumu. Mushure mekuburitswa, bharumu riri "kubhururuka". Kutungamira kwekufamba kwebharumu kwakatarisana nekutungamira kwekubuda kwemhepo kubva mubharumu. Ungatsanangura sei izvi?
Kana muromo webharumu waburitswa, bharumu rinosunda mweya kunze. Panguva imwe chete, mweya unosundawo bharumu. Simba rekusunda mweya rinoita kuti bharumu ribhururuke. Simba rebharumu rinoshanda richitamba, simba remhepo rinoshanda pabharumu. Masimba maviri aya akafanana, asi divi rakatarisana.
Tarisa mufananidzo wechipiri wouenzanisa nemufananidzo wechitatu. Simba rakajairika rinoshanda pachinhu (N) isimba rinopiwa nepamusoro petafura, senge pamusoro petafura. Panguva imwe chete, zvinhu zvinopawo simba pamusoro petafura (N '). Masimba ese ari maviri akajairika (N naN') ane hukuru hwakafanana, asi ari munzira dzakasiyana uye anoshanda pazvinhu zvakasiyana. Kusiyana na w na N ane hukuru hwakafanana uye anoshanda pachinhu chimwe chete. Saka N naN 'imasimba ekuita-kuita.
