Maitiro makumi matatu eIsochoric thermodynamics - matambudziko nemhinduro
1. Dhayagiramu yePV iri pazasi inoratidza gasi rakakodzera rinoitwa nenzira ye iso choric . Verenga basa rinoitwa negasi iri mukuita kwe AB.
Solution:
Maitiro eAB inzira ye isochoric (huwandu hunogara huripo). Huwandu hwacho hunoramba huripo zvekuti hapana basa rinoitwa negasi.
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2. Mamoles matatu egasi remonoatomic pa47 o C uye pakumanikidzwa kwe2 x 10 5 Pa, anoitiswa maitiro eisochoric zvekuti kumanikidzwa kunowedzera 3 x 10 5 Pa. Kuchinja kwesimba remukati megasi ndiko… Universal gas constant (R) = 8.315 J/mol.K
Zvinozivikanwa:
Tembiricha yekutanga (T 1 ) = 47 o C + 273 = 320 K
Kumanikidzwa kwekutanga (P 1 ) = 2 x 10 5 Pa
Kumanikidzwa kwekupedzisira (P 2 ) = 3 x 10 5 Pa
Gasi risingaperi repasi rose (R) = 8.315 J/mol.K
Nhamba yemamota (n) = 3
Zvinodiwa: Kuchinja kwesimba remukati megasi.
Solution:
Mukuita kwe isochoric, huwandu hunochengetwa hwakafanana kuitira kuti pasave nebasa rinoitwa negasi (W = 0).
Mutemo wekutanga wethermodynamics :
ΔU = QW
ΔU = Q-0
ΔU = Q
ΔU = simba remukati, Q = kupisa
Simba remukati megasi:
ΔU = 3/2 n R ΔT = 3/2 n R (T 2 – T 1 )
Mutemo waGay-Lussac ( vhoriyamu isingachinji ) :
Kuchinja kwesimba remukati megasi:
ΔU = 3/2 n R (T 2 – T 1 ) = 3/2 (3)(8.315)(480-320)
ΔU = 3/2 (24.945) (160) = 3/2 (3991.2)
ΔU = 5986.8 Joule
3. 0.2 moles yemagasi emonoatomic pa27 o C ari mumudziyo wakavharwa. Kupisa kunowedzerwa kugasi kuitira kuti tembiricha yegasi ive 400 K… Universal gas constant (R) = 8.315 J/mol.K
Zvinozivikanwa:
Nhamba yemamota (n) = 0.2 mol
Tembiricha yekutanga (T 1 ) = 27 o C + 273 = 300 K
Kupisa kwekupedzisira (T2 ) = 400 K
Gasi risingaperi repasi rose (R) = 8.315 J/mol.K
Zvinodiwa : Kupisa kunowedzerwa (Q)
Solution:
Mukuita kwe isochoric, vhoriyamu inochengetwa yakafanana kuitira kuti pasave nebasa rinoitwa negasi (W = 0).
Mutemo wekutanga wethermodynamics:
ΔU = QW
ΔU = Q-0
ΔU = Q
ΔU = simba remukati, Q = kupisa
Simba remukati megasi:
ΔU = 3/2 n R ΔT = 3/2 n R (T 2 – T 1 )
ΔU = 3/2 (0.2) (8.315) (400-300)
ΔU = 3/2 (0.2)(8.315)(100)
ΔU = 249.45 Joule
4. Verengai kufambiswa kwekupisa kwegasi rakakodzera riri muchimiro che isochoric kubva pakupisa kwekutanga kwe300 K kusvika pakupisa kwekupedzisira kwe400 K. Ngatitii 2 mol yegasi, uye kugona kwekupisa kwe molar pahuwandu husingachinji (Cᵥ) i20 J/(mol K).
Mhinduro: ΔQ = n × Cᵥ × ΔT = 2 mol × 20 J/(mol K) × (400 K – 300 K) = 4000 J
5. Tsvaga shanduko yesimba remukati memuviri wedambudziko riri pamusoro apa.
Mhinduro: ΔU = ΔQ = 4000 J
6. Sarudza basa rinoitwa pahurongwa panguva yekushanda kwe isochoric kune mamiriro ari pamusoro apa.
Mhinduro: W = 0 J (sezvo vhoriyamu isingachinji, hapana basa rinoitwa)
7. Kana gasi remhando yepamusoro re monoatomic riri muchimiro che isochoric, kana kumanikidzwa kwekutanga kuri 2 atm uye kumanikidzwa kwekupedzisira kuri 3 atm, chiyero chekupisa kwekupedzisira nekwekutanga chii?
Mhinduro: Sezvo P₁/T₁ = P₂/T₂, T₂/T₁ = 3/2
8. Chii chinonzi entropy change yegasi rakakodzera mu isochoric process kana tembiricha ikachinja kubva pa 300 K kusvika 600 K, uye n = 2 mol, Cᵥ = 20 J/(mol·K)?
Mhinduro: ΔS = n × Cᵥ × ln(T₂/T₁) = 2 × 20 × ln(600/300) ≈ 27.73 J/K
9. Kana mamiriro ekutanga egasi rakakodzera re diatomic akatsanangurwa neV = 2 L, P = 1 atm, uye T = 300 K, tsvaga kumanikidzwa kwekupedzisira kana tembiricha yakapetwa kaviri mukuita kwe isochoric.
Mhinduro: P₂ = 2 × P₁ = 2 atm
10. Tsvaga shanduko musimba risina Gibbs kuti uwane maitiro e isochoric.
Mhinduro: ΔG = 0 (Kune maitiro e isochoric mu closed system, ΔG = 0)
11. Verenga tembiricha yekupedzisira yegasi rakakodzera riri pasi pemaitiro e-isochoric kana tembiricha yekutanga iri 200 K, uye kumanikidzwa kwekutanga nekwekupedzisira kuri 2 atm uye 4 atm, zvichiteerana.
Mhinduro: T₂ = 2 × T₁ = 400 K
12. Kuti uwane gasi rakakodzera, kana simba rekupisa pahuwandu husingachinji (Cᵥ) riri 30 J/(mol·K), tsvaga nzira yekufambisa kupisa kana tembiricha yachinja kubva pa300 K kuenda ku450 K, ne3 mol yegesi.
Mhinduro: ΔQ = n × Cᵥ × ΔT = 3 × 30 × 150 = 13500 J
13. Pakuita zvakafanana nezviri pamusoro apa, verenga shanduko yesimba remukati.
Mhinduro: ΔU = ΔQ = 13500 J
14. Sarudza shanduko ye entropy yemaitiro e isochoric ne n = 1 mol, Cᵥ = 25 J/(mol K), T₁ = 200 K, uye T₂ = 400 K.
Mhinduro: ΔS = n × Cᵥ × ln(T₂/T₁) = 25 × ln(2) ≈ 17.33 J/K
15. Tsvaga basa rinoitwa nehurongwa panguva ye3 mol yegesi inoshanduka kubva pa200 K kusvika pa300 K.
Mhinduro: W = 0 J (sezvo vhoriyamu isingachinji, hapana basa rinoitwa)
16. Verengai kutamiswa kwekupisa kwegasi rakakodzera riri muchimiro che isochoric netembiricha yekutanga ye150 K, tembiricha yekupedzisira ye300 K, uye Cᵥ = 15 J/(mol·K) ye4 mol yegasi.
Mhinduro: ΔQ = n × Cᵥ × ΔT = 4 × 15 × 150 = 9000 J
17. Chii chinonzi entropy change yegasi rakakodzera mumaitiro e isochoric ne n = 1 mol, Cᵥ = 30 J/(mol·K), T₁ = 100 K, uye T₂ = 200 K?
Mhinduro: ΔS = n × Cᵥ × ln(T₂/T₁) = 30 × ln(2) ≈ 20.79 J/K
18. Tsvaga kumanikidzwa kwekupedzisira kwegasi riri kuita isochoric process, tichifunga kuti P₁ = 5 atm, T₁ = 250 K, uye T₂ = 500 K.
Mhinduro: P₂ = (T₂/T₁) × P₁ = 2 × 5 atm = 10 atm
19. Tsvaga kuchinjirwa kwekupisa kwe5 mol yegesi re monatomic ideal riri kuitwa ne isochoric process kubva pa300 K kusvika 600 K. Ngatitii Cᵥ = 15 J/(mol K).
Mhinduro: ΔQ = n × Cᵥ × ΔT = 5 × 15 × 300 = 22500 J
20. Chii chiri kuchinja kwesimba remukati memunhu nekuda kwedambudziko riri pamusoro apa?
Mhinduro: ΔU = ΔQ = 22500 J
21. Sarudza shanduko ye entropy yemaitiro e isochoric apo n = 2 mol, Cᵥ = 25 J/(mol K), T₁ = 300 K, uye T₂ = 600 K.
Mhinduro: ΔS = n × Cᵥ × ln(T₂/T₁) = 2 × 25 × ln(2) ≈ 34.66 J/K
22. Verenga tembiricha yekupedzisira ye 1 mol yegesi re monatomic ideal riri kuitwa ne isochoric process kana tembiricha yekutanga iri 400 K, uye kumanikidzwa kwekutanga nekwekupedzisira kuri 3 atm uye 6 atm, zvichiteerana.
Mhinduro: T₂ = 2 × T₁ = 800 K
23. Kuti uwane gasi rakanaka re diatomic riri kuita isochoric process, verenga shanduko yesimba remukati kana tembiricha yachinja kubva pa300 K kusvika pa600 K, ne 2 mol yegasi, uye Cᵥ = 30 J/(mol·K).
Mhinduro: ΔU = n × Cᵥ × ΔT = 2 × 30 × 300 = 18000 J
24. Verengai kutamiswa kwekupisa kwegasi rakakodzera riri muchimiro che isochoric netembiricha yekutanga ye100 K, tembiricha yekupedzisira ye300 K, uye Cᵥ = 20 J/(mol·K) ye2 mol yegasi.
Mhinduro: ΔQ = n × Cᵥ × ΔT = 2 × 20 × 200 = 8000 J
25. Tsvaga basa rakaitwa pasystem panguva yekushanda kwe isochoric kune mamiriro ari pamusoro apa.
Mhinduro: W = 0 J (sezvo vhoriyamu isingachinji, hapana basa rinoitwa)
26. Chii chinonzi entropy change yegasi rakakodzera mu isochoric process kana tembiricha ikachinja kubva pa 400 K kusvika 800 K, uye n = 3 mol, Cᵥ = 20 J/(mol·K)?
Mhinduro: ΔS = n × Cᵥ × ln(T₂/T₁) = 3 × 20 × ln(2) ≈ 41.58 J/K
27. Tsvaga shanduko musimba risina Gibbs kuti uwane maitiro e isochoric.
Mhinduro: ΔG = 0 (Kune maitiro e isochoric mu closed system, ΔG = 0)
28. Tsvaga kumanikidzwa kwekupedzisira kwegasi riri kuita isochoric process, tichifunga kuti P₁ = 3 atm, T₁ = 300 K, uye T₂ = 450 K.
Mhinduro: P₂ = (T₂/T₁) × P₁ = 1.5 × 3 atm = 4.5 atm
29. Verenga shanduko yesimba remukati memuviri kune sisitimu iri kuita isochoric process ine 3 mol yegesi, Cᵥ = 20 J/(mol K), uye tembiricha inochinja kubva pa200 K kusvika 400 K.
Mhinduro: ΔU = n × Cᵥ × ΔT = 3 × 20 × 200 = 12000 J
30. Sarudza shanduko ye entropy yemaitiro e isochoric apo n = 4 mol, Cᵥ = 30 J/(mol K), T₁ = 150 K, uye T₂ = 300 K.
Mhinduro: ΔS = n × Cᵥ × ln(T₂/T₁) = 4 × 30 × ln(2) ≈ 55.86 J/K
Matambudziko aya anosanganisira pfungwa dzakasiyana-siyana dzine chekuita nemaitiro e-isochoric, akadai sekuchinjisa kupisa, shanduko yesimba remukati, basa raitwa, shanduko ye entropy, nezvimwewo.
