Kuwanda kweruzha - matambudziko nemhinduro
1. Mapoinzi A naB ari pamamita mana nemamita mapfumbamwe kubva panobva ruzha. Kana I A naI B zviri simba panzvimbo A nepoinzi B, saka I A : I B =…
Zvinozivikanwa:
Kureba kwenzvimbo A kubva panobva ruzha (r A ) = mamita mana
Nhambwe yenzvimbo B kubva panobva ruzha (r B ) = mamita 9
Kusimba kweruzha panzvimbo A = I A
Kusimba kweruzha panzvimbo B = I B
Aida: I A : I B
Solution:
I A r A 2 = I B r B 2
I A 4 2 = I B 9 2
I A 16 = I B 81
I A / I B = 81/16
2. Simba reruzha rinobva pachinhu chimwe chete i10 −9 Wm −2 . I o = 10 −12 Wm −2 . Ruzha rweruzha rwemanyuko gumi eruzha chii?
Solution:
Zvinozivikanwa:
I = 10 -9 W/m 2
I o = 10 -12 W/m 2
x = 10
Inozivikanwa: Ruzha rwenzwi (β)
Solution:
3. Ruzha rwechinhu chinobuda ruzha i10 dB. Ruzha rwezvinhu 1000 zvinobuda ruzha chii? Ruzha rushoma Io = 10 −12 Wm −2.
Zvinozivikanwa:
β = 10 dB
I o = 10 -12 W/m 2
x = 1000
Zvinodiwa : Kusimba
Solution:
Kusimba kwechinhu chinobva ruzha:
Simba remanyuko eruzha anosvika chiuru:
Ini = (1000)(10 -11 ) = (10 3 )(10 -11 )
I = 10 -8 W/m 2
4. Ruzha rweA i40 dB, uye ruzha rweB i60 dB. I o = 10 -12 W m -2 . Tsvaga 100β A : 10β B.
Zvinozivikanwa:
Ruzha rweA = 40 dB
Ruzha rweB = 60 dB
I o = 10 -12 W m -2.
Zvinodiwa : 100β A : 10β B
Solution:
Ruzha rwenzwi rwe100 A:
β = 40 + 10 log 100
β = 40 + 10 log 10 2
β = 40 + (2)(10)(log 10)
β = 40 + (2)(10)(1)
β = 40 + 20
β = 60 dB
Ruzha rwenzwi rwe10 B:
β = 60 + 10 log 10
β = 60 + 10 log 10 1
β = 60 + (1)(10)(log 10)
β = 60 + (1)(10)(1)
β = 60 + 10
β = 70 dB
β A : β B
60: 70
6: 7
5. Kana poindi P iriyo tsime reruzha, saka chiyero chekusimba kweruzha pamapoindi S, R, naQ ndeche …
Zvinozivikanwa:
Kureba kwenzvimbo Q kubva panobva ruzha (r)Q) = mamita makumi matanhatu
Kureba kwenzvimbo R kubva panobva ruzha (r R ) = mamita matanhatu
Kureba kwenzvimbo S kubva panobva ruzha (r S ) = mamita mashanu
Kusimba kweruzha panzvimbo Q = I Q
Kusimba kweruzha panzvimbo R = I R
Kusimba kweruzha panzvimbo S = I S
Zvinodiwa: Kuenzanisa kusimba kweruzha panzvimbo S, R, uye Q (I S : I R : I Q )
Solution:
Kusimba kweruzha panzvimbo S:
Kusimba kweruzha panzvimbo R:
Kusimba kweruzha padanho reQ :
Kuenzanisa kwesimba reruzha papoindi S, R, uye Q:
6. Poindi A ndiP kubva panobva ruzha, poindi B ndi2P kubva panobva ruzha uye poindi C ndi4P kubva panobva ruzha. Kuenzanisa kwesimba reruzha paA , B, naC ndi …
Zvinozivikanwa:
Nzvimbo iri kure A kubva panobva ruzha (r A ) = P
Nharaunda B kubva panobva ruzha (r B ) = 2P
Nharaunda C kubva panobva ruzha (r C ) = 4P
Kusimba kweruzha panzvimbo A = I A
Kusimba kweruzha panzvimbo B = I B
Kusimba kweruzha panzvimbo C = I C
Zvinodiwa: Kuenzanisa kusimba kweruzha paA , B, naC (I A : I B : I C )
Solution:
Kusimba kweruzha panzvimbo A:
Kusimba kweruzha panzvimbo B:
Kusimba kweruzha panzvimbo t C:
Kuenzanisa kwesimba reruzha paA , B, naC :
7. Vanhu vanosvika zana vaiimba. Kana huwandu hwenzwi remudzidzi mumwe chete pakuimba huri 40 dB (tichifunga kuti pamwana mumwe nemumwe hwakafanana), saka simba renzwi rinobuda ndi … (I o = 10 -12 Wm -2 )
Zvinozivikanwa:
Simba remudzidzi mumwe chete (TI) = 40 dB
I o = 10 -12 W/m 2
Huwandu hwevadzidzi (x) = 100
Zvinodiwa: Ruzha rwevadzidzi 100
Solution:
Kusimba kweruzha rwemudzidzi:
Ruzha rwevadzidzi zana:
Ini x = (x)(I)
I x = (100)(10 -8 ) = (10 2 )(10 -8 )
I x = 10 -6 W/m 2
8. Simba reruzha rwemichina 100 yakafanana i10 -7 Watt.m -2 . Kana I o = 10 -12 Watt.m -2 , saka mwero wesimba reruzha rwemuchina i…
Zvinozivikanwa:
Kusimba kweruzha rwemichina 100 (I x ) = 10 -7 Watt.m -2
I o = 10 -12 W/m 2
Huwandu hwemichina (x) = 100 = 10 2
Zvinodiwa : Huremu hweruzha rwemuchina (TI)
Solution:
Kusimba kweruzha rwemuchina:
Ini x = (x)(I)
10 -7 = (10 2 )(I)
Ini = 10 -7 / 10 2 = (10 -7 )(10 -2 ) = 10 -9
Kusimba kweruzha rwemuchina (TI):
9. Simba reruzha rinobva paruzha i6 x 10 -6 W/cm2 . Kana simba reruzha rikawedzerwa ne10 db, sarudza simba reruzha.
Zvinozivikanwa:
Kusimba (I) = 6 x 10 -6 W/ cm2
I o = 10 -12 W/m 2 = 10 -12 W / 10 4 masendimita 2 = 10 -16 W/cm 2
Zvinodiwa: Kusimba kweruzha
Solution:
Kuwedzerwa kwesimba reruzha re10 W/m2 = 10 -3 W/cm2 kwakaenzana nekuwedzera kwesimba reruzha re10 dB. Kuwedzerwa kwesimba reruzha re10 2 W/m2 = 10 -2 W/cm2 kwakaenzana nekuwedzera kwesimba reruzha re20 dB. Zvichingodaro.
Kana huwandu hwesimba hukawedzerwa ne10 dB, simba rinokwira ne10 -3 W/cm2 . Saka simba rinova 6 x 10 -6 W/cm2 ) + ( 10 -4 W/cm2 ) = (6 x 10 -6 W/cm2 ) + (100 x 10 -6 W/cm2 ) = 106 x 10 -6 W/ cm2.
10. Mucherechedzi A ari kure nemamita mashanu kubva panobva ruzha. Ukuwo mucherechedzi B ari kure nemamita gumi kubva panobva ruzha rumwe chete. Saka chiyero chekusimba kweruzha chinonzwiwa nevacherechedzi B naA ndeche...
Zvinozivikanwa:
Kureba kweA kubva kunobva ruzha (r A ) = mamita mashanu
Kureba kweB kubva panobva ruzha (r B ) = mamita gumi
Zvinodiwa: Chiyero chekusimba kweruzha chinonzwiwa nevacherechedzi B naA
Solution:
I B : I A = 1: 4
Mhinduro chaiyo ndeiyi B.
- Chii chinonzi simba reruzha uye rakasiyana sei neruzha?
- mhinduro: Kusimba kweruzha chiyero chesimba reruzha pachikamu chimwe nechimwe, chinowanzo kuyerwa muma watts pa square meter (W/m2). Ruzha, kune rumwe rutivi, ipfungwa yekunzwisisa simba reruzha, rinowanzo kuyerwa muma decibel (dB). Kunyange zvazvo kusimba kuri chiyero chemuviri, ruzha chiitiko chemunhu chinogona kusiyana pakati pevanhu.
- Mutemo we "inverse square law" une chekuita sei nekusimba kweruzha?
- mhinduro: Mutemo we inverse square unoti simba reruzha rinoderera ne square yedaro kubva panobva ruzha. Izvi zvinoreva kuti paunofamba kure nekwakabva ruzha, simba racho rinoderera nekukurumidza.
- Sei manzwi maviri ane simba rakafanana asingawanzova neruzha rwakafanana?
- mhinduro: Nzeve yemunhu ine manzwiro akasiyana pamafrequencies akasiyana. Saka, kunyangwe kana manzwi maviri aine simba rakafanana asi mafrequencies akasiyana, anogona kuonekwa seane mazinga akasiyana eruzha.
- Kusimba kweruzha kunoenderana sei nehukuru hwemafungu eruzha?
- mhinduro: Kusimba kweruzha kunoenderana zvakananga nehukuru hwemafungu eruzha. Kana hukuru hwemafungu eruzha hukapetwa kaviri, simba racho richawedzera nechikamu chimwe chete kana kupfuura.
- Sei kuzevezerana mukamuri rakanyarara kungave kunonzwika zvakajeka, asi kuzevezerana kumwe chete kuri pedyo nemapopoma anorira kusinganzwike?
- mhinduro: Izvi zvinokonzerwa nekusiyana kwemazinga eruzha rwekumashure. Mukamuri rakanyarara, huwandu hweruzha rwekumashure hwakaderera, zvichiita kuti zevezeve rionekwe pachena. Padivi pemapopoma, ruzha rwakanyanya runovhara zevezeve rakanyarara, zvichiita kuti risanzwike.
- Chii chinonzi chiyero chekunzwa uye chiyero chekurwadziwa kana tichitarisa kusimba kweruzha?
- mhinduro: Ruzha rwakadzikama runogona kunzwikwa nenzeve yemunhu, kazhinji pahukuru hweanenge . Muganho wekurwadziwa, unomiririra mwero weruzha unogona kukonzera kurwadziwa uye kukuvara kwenzeve, wava pedyo .
- Sei ruzha ruchiita serwakanyarara kana rwuchinzwikwa nepamadziro kana chimwe chinhu chinovhara ruzha?
- mhinduro: Kana mafungu eruzha akasangana nechipingamupinyi, rimwe simba rinoonekwa, rinotorwa, uye rinotumirwa. Kutorwa uye kuratidzwa kunoderedza simba reruzha runotumirwa kuburikidza nechipingamupinyi, zvichiita kuti rwunzwike rwakanyarara.
- Mafambiro anoita sei kusimba kweruzha runotorwa nezvinhu?
- mhinduro: Zvinhu zvakasiyana zvine ma coefficients akasiyana ekunyudzwa kwema frequency akasiyana. Semuenzaniso, ma frequency akaderera (bass sounds) akaoma kunyudzwa uye anogona kupinda nemadziro zviri nyore kupfuura ma frequency akakwira.
- Sei nzvimbo dzemakonzati nemabhaisikopo dzichiisa mari mukuchengetedza ruzha uye kurapwa kwemanzwi?
- mhinduro: Kudzivirira ruzha kunobatsira kudzivirira ruzha rwekunze rusingadiwe uye kudzivirira ruzha kuti rusabude kunze, zvichiita kuti ruzha rwaunoda chete rwunzwike munzvimbo yacho. Kurapa kweruzha kunobatsira kudzora kuratidzwa kweruzha munzvimbo yacho kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti ruzha rwunopararira zvakaenzana uye rwakajeka.
- Kusimba kweruzha kunoenderana sei nekukuvara kwekunzwa?
- mhinduro: Kugara kwenguva refu uchinzwa ruzha rwakanyanya kunogona kukonzera kukuvara kana kurasikirwa nekunzwa. Kukura uye nguva yekunzwa zvese zvinoita basa guru; kunyangwe kugara kwenguva pfupi uchinzwa ruzha rwakanyanya kunogona kukonzera kukuvara kusingaperi, nepo kugara kwenguva refu uchinzwa ruzha rwakanyanya kunogonawo kukuvadza.
