Chinyorwa pamusoro pekuumbwa kwemufananidzo ne lenzi inosanganisa (convex)
Kuti unzwisise kuumbwa kwemufananidzo ne lenzi ye convex, dzidza mienzaniso yematambudziko nemhinduro dziri pazasi. Muchiitiko ichi, chinhu chinofungidzirwa kuti chiri kure ne lenzi ye convex,
wobva wadhirowa mufananidzo uchishandisa lenzi ine convex, daro remufananidzo kubva kune lenzi ine convex uye kukura kwemufananidzo uchishandisa lenzi ine convex.
Lenzi ine denderedzwa remasendimita makumi maviri (20 cm). Zvinhu zvine urefu hwemasendimita gumi (10 cm) zviri kuruboshwe rwelenzi. Sarudza daro remufananidzo, kukura kwemufananidzo uye kukwirira kwemufananidzo, kana:
a) kureba kwechinhu kubva kune lenzi ye convex kudiki pane kureba kwefocal ye lenzi ye convex (do < f),
b) kureba kwechinhu kubva kune lenzi ye convex kwakafanana nehurefu hwe focal ye lenzi ye convex (do = f),
c) kureba kwechinhu kubva kune lenzi ye convex kwakakura kupfuura kureba kwefocal ye lenzi ye convex (do > f).
Anozivikanwa:
Kureba kwefocal lens (f) = 20 cm
Kureba kwegirazi re convex kunoratidza kuti pane chiedza nekuti iro girazi re convex ndiro chairo, uko chiedza chinopfuura nepakati pegirazi re convex.
Kureba kwechinhu (h) = 10 cm
Solution:
Kureba kwechinhu kudiki pane kureba kwefocal ye lens ye convex (do > f)
Ngatitii daro rechinhu chacho riri 5 cm, 10 cm uye 15 cm.
a) Kana daro rechinhu (do) = 5 cm
Kureba kwemufananidzo (di)
1/di = 1/f – 1/do = 1/20 – 1/5 = 1/20 – 4/20 = -3/20
di = -20/3 = -6.7 cm
Kureba kwemufananidzo kuri negative, zvichireva kuti mufananidzo wacho uri pakombiyuta, uko chiedza chisingapfuuri nepamufananidzo.
Kureba kwemufananidzo kuri 6.7 cm, kureba kwechinhu kuri 5 cm.
Kukura kwemufananidzo (M)
M = -di / do = -(-6.7) / 5 = 6.7 / 5 = 1.3
Kukura kwemufananidzo kunodarika 1 zvinoreva kuti saizi yemufananidzo yakakura kupfuura saizi yechinhu.
Kureba kwemufananidzo (hi)
Kuenzanisa kwekuwedzera kwemufananidzo:
M = mhoro / ho
hi = M ho = (1.3)(10 cm) = 13 cm
Kureba kwemufananidzo, kwakasainwa zvakanaka, zvinoreva kuti mufananidzo wakamira.
b) Kana daro rechinhu (do) = 10 cm
Kureba kwemufananidzo (di)
1/di = 1/f – 1/do = 1/20 – 1/10 = 1/20 – 2/20 = -1/20
di = -20/1 = -20 cm
Kureba kwemufananidzo kuri negative zvichireva kuti mufananidzo wacho uri pakombiyuta, uko chiedza chisingapfuuri nepamufananidzo.
Kureba kwemufananidzo 20 cm kwakakura kupfuura kureba kwechinhu 10 cm.
Kukura kwemufananidzo (M)
M = -di / do = -(-20)/10 = 20/10 = 2
Kukura kwemufananidzo kunodarika 1 zvinoreva kuti saizi yemufananidzo yakakura kupfuura saizi yechinhu.
Kureba kwemufananidzo (hi)
Kuenzanisa kwekukudza mufananidzo:
M = mhoro / ho
mhoro = M h = (2)(10 cm) = 20 cm
Kureba kwemufananidzo kwakanaka zvichireva kuti mufananidzo wakamira zvakanaka.
c) Kana daro rechinhu (do) = 15 cm
Kureba kwemufananidzo (di)
1/di = 1/f – 1/do = 1/20 – 1/15 = 3/60 – 4/60 = -1/60
di = -60/1 = -60 cm
Kureba kwemufananidzo kuri negative zvichireva kuti mufananidzo wacho uri pakombiyuta, uko chiedza chisingapfuuri nepamufananidzo.
Kureba kwemufananidzo 60 cm kwakakura kupfuura kureba kwechinhu 15 cm.
Kukura kwemufananidzo (M)
M = -di / do = -(-60)/15 = 60/15 = 4
Kukura kwemufananidzo kunodarika 1 zvinoreva kuti saizi yemufananidzo yakakura kupfuura saizi yechinhu.
Kureba kwemufananidzo (hi)
Kuenzanisa kwekukudza mufananidzo:
M = mhoro / h
mhoro = M h = (4)(10 cm) = 40 cm
Kureba kwemufananidzo kwakanaka zvichireva kuti mufananidzo wakamira zvakanaka.
Kureba kwechinhu kwakaenzana nehurefu hwefocal relenzi ye convex (do = f)
Mufananidzo wacho uri kure zvisingaperi.
Kureba kwechinhu kwakakura kupfuura kureba kwefocal ye lens ye convex (do > f)
Ngatitii daro rechinhu chacho riri 30 cm, 40 cm uye 50 cm.
a ) Kana daro rechinhu (do) = 30 cm
Kureba kwemufananidzo (di)
1/di = 1/f – 1/do = 1/20 – 1/30 = 3/60 – 2/60 = 1/60
di = 60/1 = 60 cm
Kureba kwemufananidzo kwakanaka, zvichireva kuti mufananidzo wacho ndewechokwadi, uko chiedza chinopfuura nepakati pemufananidzo.
Kureba kwemufananidzo 60 cm kwakakura kupfuura kureba kwechinhu 30 cm.
Kukura kwemufananidzo (M)
M = -di / do = -60/30 = -2
Kukura kwemufananidzo kunodarika 1, zvichireva kuti saizi yemufananidzo yakakura kupfuura saizi yechinhu.
Kureba kwemufananidzo (hi)
Kuenzanisa kwekukudza mufananidzo:
M = mhoro / h
mhoro = M h = (-2)(10 cm) = -20 cm
Kureba kwemufananidzo chiratidzo chekusakwana zvinoreva kuti mufananidzo wakapindurwa.
b) Kana daro rechinhu (do) = 40 cm
Kureba kwemufananidzo (di)
1/di = 1/f – 1/do = 1/20 – 1/40 = 2/40 – 1/40 = 1/40
di = 40/1 = 40 cm
Kureba kwemufananidzo kwakanaka, zvichireva kuti mufananidzo wacho ndewechokwadi, uko chiedza chinopfuura nepakati pemufananidzo.
Kureba kwemufananidzo 40 cm, kwakaenzana nedaro rechinhu 40 cm.
Kukura kwemufananidzo (M)
M = -di / do = -40/40 = -1
Kukura kwemufananidzo i1 zvinoreva kuti saizi yemufananidzo yakaenzana nehukuru hwechinhu.
Kureba kwemufananidzo (hi)
Kuenzanisa kwekukudza mufananidzo:
M = mhoro / ho
mhoro = M h = (-1)(10 cm) = -10 cm
Kureba kwemufananidzo hakuna kunaka zvichireva kuti mufananidzo wakapindurwa.
b) Kana daro rechinhu (do) = 50 cm
Kureba kwemufananidzo (di)
1/di = 1/f – 1/do = 1/20 – 1/50 = 5/100 – 2/100 = 3/100
di = 100/3 = 33.3 cm
Kureba kwemufananidzo kwakanaka, zvichireva kuti mufananidzo wacho ndewechokwadi, uko chiedza chinopfuura nepakati pemufananidzo.
Kureba kwemufananidzo 33.3 cm kudiki pane kureba kwechinhu 50 cm.
Kukura kwemufananidzo (M)
M = -di / do = -33.3/40 = -0.8
Kukura kwemufananidzo kudiki pane 1, zvichireva kuti saizi yemufananidzo idiki pane saizi yechinhu.
Kureba kwemufananidzo (hi)
Kuenzanisa kwekukudza mufananidzo:
M = mhoro / h
mhoro = M h = (-0.8)(10 cm) = -8 cm
Kureba kwemufananidzo kwakashata, zvichireva kuti mufananidzo wacho wakapindurwa.
