Chinyorwa pamusoro pekuenzana kwemuviri wakasimba
1. Chimiro chekutanga
Mutemo Wechipiri waNewton inoti kana simba rinobuda pachinhu (chinhu chinoonekwa sechikamu chimwe chete) risiri zero,
ipapo chinhu chichafamba nekukurumidzisa nguva dzose, uko kutungamira kwekufamba kwechinhu = kutungamira kwesimba rose. Kana simba rinobuda riri zero, zvinoreva kuti chinhu chacho chiri pazororo kana kuti chichifamba nekumhanya kunogara kuripo.
ΣF = ma
Kana chinhu chakamira kana kuti chichifamba nekumhanya kwakafanana, chinhu chacho hachina acceleration (a). Nekuti acceleration (a) = 0, equation iri pamusoro inoshanduka kuita:
ΣF = 0
Equation iyi inogona kukamurwa kuita zvikamu zvayo pa x-axis, y-axis, uye z-axis
ΣFx = 0 (1)
ΣFy = 0 (2)
ΣFz = 0 (3)
Kana masimba achishanda munzvimbo yakatwasuka, tinoshandisa equation 1. Kana masimba achishanda munzvimbo yakatwasuka chete, tinoshandisa equation 2. Kana masimba achishanda munzvimbo imwe chete (mativi maviri), tinoshandisa equation 1 ne equation 2. Kusiyana neizvi, kana masimba achishanda munzvimbo (mativi matatu), tinoshandisa equation 1, 2, na3.
Simba inhamba yevector, simba rine hukuru negwara. Tichitarisa macoordinates eCartesian (x, y, z) uye zvichienderana nechibvumirano,
Kana simba riri munzira ye x-axis (kuruboshwe) kana munzira ye y-axis (pasi), simba iri riri munzira ye x-axis (kurudyi) kana munzira ye y-axis (kumusoro), simba iri riri munzira ye x-axis (kurudyi).
Muenzaniso 1.
F = Simba rekudhonza, fg = simba rekukweshana, N = simba remazuva ose, w = huremu, m = huremu, g = kukurumidza kwegiravhiti. Chinhu chacho chakazorora nekuda kwehuwandu hwemasimba ese ari kushanda pachiri = 0.
Ongorora simba rega rega riri kushanda pachinhu chacho.
Simba rinoshanda munzira yakatwasuka (x-axis):
ΣFx = 0
F – fg = 0
F = fg
Simba rekudhonza (F) uye simba rekukweshana (f)fr) dzine hukuru hwakafanana, asi dziri munzira yakatarisana. Nzira yekudhonza simba kurudyi kana kuenda ku x-axis yakanaka (hukuru hwakanaka), panzvimbo penzira yekukweshana simba kuruboshwe kana kuenda ku x-axis isina kunaka (hasi). Nekuti hukuru hwemasimba ese ari maviri hwakafanana (hunoratidzwa nehurefu hwemuseve) uye nzira yakatarisana, hukuru hwemasimba maviri aya i0.
Simba rinoshanda pachikamu chakamira (y-axis):
ΣFy = 0
N – w = 0
N – mg = 0
N = mg
Muchikamu chakamira (y-axis), mune huremu (w) uye simba rakajairika (N). Kutungamira kwehuremu kwakatarisana nepakati penyika kana kudivi rey-axis (negative value), nepo kutungamira kwesimba rakajairika kudivi rey-axis kuri positive (positive value). Hukuru hwemasimba maviri aya hwakafanana, asi divi rakapesana, saka masimba maviri aya ari kuparadzana.
Chinhu chiri mumuenzaniso uri pamusoro apa chiri pakuzorora nekuti simba rose kana huwandu hwemasimba ese anoshanda pachinhu, ese ari pa axis yakatwasuka uye axis yakatwasuka, = 0.
Muenzaniso 2.
Huremu nesimba rinoshanda pachinhu ichi hazvidhonzwe nekuti masimba ese ari maviri ari kuurayana. Kumativi ese echinhu chacho kune simba F sezvakaratidzwa. Masimba ese ari maviri ane hukuru hwakafanana, asi akatarisana nedivi. Zvinhu zvichazorora here?
Kuti zvikubatsire kunzwisisa izvi, isa bhuku patafura. Pakutanga, bhuku racho rakanga risina kumira nekuti simba raishanda pabhuku racho raive zero.
Tevere, ipa simba kumativi ese ebhuku, sezvakaratidzwa mumufananidzo. Kana ukaita simba kumativi ese ebhuku, zvakafanana nekutenderera kwaunoita bhuku. Ehe, bhuku rinotenderera. Bhuku rinotenderera nekuda kwenguva yesimba rinogadzirwa nesimba F. Akisi yekutenderera iri pakati pebhuku. Kana tikafungidzira kuti hapana simba rekukweshana riri kushanda pachinhu, nguva yesimba inobuda inhamba yenguva yesimba rinogadzirwa nemasimba maviri F.
Kutenderera kwechinhu kwakanangana newachi kuitira kuti nguva mbiri dzesimba dzive dzisina kunaka (kwete kubvisana).
2. Chimiro chechipiri
Zvichibva pamuenzaniso wechipiri uri pamusoro apa, zvinogona kugumiswa kuti kana nguva yesimba rinobuda pachinhu isiri zero (chinhu chinoonekwa sechinhu chakasimba), ipapo chinhu chinotenderera.
Στ = I α
Kuti zvinhu zvisatenderere, simba rinobuda rinofanira kuva zero. Kana chinhu chisina kutenderera (chisingatenderere), chinhu chacho hachina angular acceleration. Nekuda kwe angular acceleration = 0, equation iri pamusoro inoshanduka kuita:
Στ = 0
