Kubonderana - matambudziko nemhinduro

Kubonderana - matambudziko nemhinduro

1. Chinhu A (3 kg) chinofamba nekumhanya kwe8 m/s uye chinhu B (5 kg) chinofamba nekumhanya kwe4 m/s. Kana kuroverana pakati pezvinhu A neB kwakanyatsosimba, chii chinonzi velocity yezvinhu A naB mushure mekubonderana?

Zvinozivikanwa:

Misa yechinhu A (m₁) = 3 kg

Huremu hwechinhu B (m₂) = 5 kg

The havukavu yechinhu A (v)₁) = 8 ms^-1

Kumhanya kwechinhu B (v)₂) = 4 ms^-1

Kubonderana kwakanyatsonaka.

Kuda: v₁' uye v₂'

Solution:

Kana zvinhu zvese zviri zviviri zvine huremu hwakasiyana uye kumhanya kwezvinhu zvese zviri zviviri mushure mekuroverana hakusati kwazivikanwa, saka kumhanya mushure mekuroverana kunoverengerwa uchishandisa equation iyi:

Kutungamira kwezvinhu zvese zviri zviviri kwakafanana zvekuti kumhanya kwezvinhu zvese zviri zviviri kune chiratidzo chimwe chete. Kana zvinhu zvese zvikafamba nenzira dzakasiyana, imwe velocity ine chiratidzo chekuwedzera uye imwe velocity ine chiratidzo chekubvisa.

Kumhanya kwechinhu A (v)_A) mushure mekuroverana:

Kumhanya kwechinhu B (v)_B) mushure mekuroverana:

Kumhanya kwechinhu A (v)₁') mushure mekuroverana iri 3 m/s uye kumhanya kwechinhu B (v)₂') mushure mekuroverana i7 m/s.

2. Bhora rine simba reP, rinobonderana nemadziro uye rinoonekwa. Kubonderana kwacho kwakanyatsosimba uye kwakanangana nemadziro. Chii chinochinja bhora? tichimhanya?

Zvinozivikanwa:

Huremu hwebhora = m

Kumhanya kwebhora risati rasangana = v

Kumhanya kwebhora mushure mekuroverana = -v (bhora rairatidzwa kuruboshwe)

Kumhanya kwebhora risati rasangana (p_o) = mv

Kumhanya kwebhora mushure mekuroverana (p_t) = m (-v) = – mv

Kuda: Kuchinja kwesimba rebhora

Solution:

Kuchinja kwesimba:

Δp = p_t - p_o

Δp = – mv – mv

Δp = – 2 mv

Δp = -2p

Chiratidzo chekudzima chinoratidza divi rebhora.

3. Zvinhu zviviri, A naB, zvine huremu hwakafanana zvinofamba zvakananga uye zvinosangana. A inofamba kumabvazuva nekumhanya kwaV naB inofamba kumadokero nekumhanya kwe2V. Kana kuroverana kwacho kwakanyatsosimba, saka chii chinoitika mushure mekuroverana?

Zvinozivikanwa:

Zvinhu zvose zvine huremu hwakafanana.

A inofamba kumabvazuva nekumhanya kweV

B inofamba kumadokero ichimhanya ne2V

Kuda: Kumhanya kwezvinhu zvose mushure mekubonderana

Solution:

Kana zvinhu zvese zviri zviviri zvine huremu hwakafanana uye kuroverana kwacho kwakanyatsosimba, saka mushure mekuroverana zvinhu zvese zviri zviviri zvinochinja kumhanya kwazvo.

Mushure mekuroverana, A inoenda kumadokero pa2V uye B inoenda kumabvazuva paV.

Kubonderana Kwekusimba Zvishoma

4. Zvinhu zviviri zvine huremu hwakafanana zvinofamba nemutsetse wakatwasuka munzira dzakasiyana sezvakaratidzwa mumufananidzo uri pazasi. Kana kumhanya kwechinhu 2 mushure mekuroverana (v)₂') iri 5 m/s kurudyi, saka chii chiri kukura kwekumhanya kwechinhu 1 mushure mekuroverana.

Zvinozivikanwa:

Huremu hwechinhu chimwe nechimwe = m

Kumhanya kwechinhu 1 usati wasangana (v)₁) = 8 m/s

Kumhanya kwechinhu 2 mushure mekubonderana (v)₂) = 10 m/s

Kumhanya kwechinhu 2 mushure mekubonderana (v)₂') = 5 m/s

Zvaidiwa: Kumhanya kwechinhu 1 mushure mekubonderana (v)₁')

Solution:

Kubonderana kwacho kwakabatana zvishoma.

m₁ v₁+m₂ v₂ = m₁ v₁' + m₂ v₂'

m (v)₁ + v₂) = m (v₁' + v₂')

v₁ + v₂ =v₁' + v₂'

8 + 10 = v₁' + 5

18 = v₁' + 5

v₁' = 18-5

v₁' = 13 m/s

Kubonderana kwepasi

5. Bara remagiramu gumi rakapfurwa ne100 ms^-1 , rovera bhuroko rehuni rakamira. Huremu hwebhuroko i490 magiramu. Kurovera kwacho hakuna kusimba. Chii chinonzi kumhanya kwebhuroko nebara mushure mekurovera?

Zvinozivikanwa:

huremu hwebara (m₁) = magiramu 10

Kumhanya kwebara (v)₁) = 100 m/s

Huremu hwebhuroko (m₂) = magiramu 490

Kumhanya kwebhuroko (v)₂) = 0 m/s (block pakuzorora)

Zvaidiwa: Kumhanya kwebhuroko uye bara mushure mekubonderana

Solution:

m₁ v₁ +m₂ v₂ = (m₁ +m₂) v'

(10)(100) + (490)(0) = (10 + 490) v'

1000 + 0 = 500 v'

1000 = 500 v'

v' = 1000 / 500

v' = 2 m/s

6. Rori riri kufamba ne10 m/s rinoroverana nemotokari iri kufamba ne20 m/s. Mushure mekuroverana, rori nemota zvose zvinofamba pamwe chete nekumhanya kwakafanana. Kurema kwerori i1400 kg uye uremu hwemota i600 kg. Chii chiri kumhanya kwerori nemota mushure mekuroverana?

Zvinozivikanwa:

kumhanya kwerori (v)₁) = 10 m/s

kumhanya kwemotokari (v)₂) = 20 m/s

uremu hwerori (m₁) = 1400 kg

uremu hwemotokari (m₂) = 600 kg

Zvaidiwa: Kumhanya kwemotokari nemotokari mushure mekurovera

Solution:

m₁ v₁ +m₂ v₂ = (m₁ +m₂) muri

(1400)(10) + (600)(20) = (1400 + 600) v

14000 + 12000 = 2000 v

26000 = 2000 v

v = 13 m/s

7. Bara remagiramu makumi maviri rinofamba ne10 m/s munzira yakatwasuka, rinoroverana nebhuroko remagiramu makumi matanhatu rakagara pasi. Mushure mekuroverana, bara nebhuroko zvinofamba pamwe chete nekumhanya kwakafanana uye nenzira imwe chete. Chii chinonzi kumhanya kwemabara nebhuroko?

Zvinozivikanwa:

Huremu hwebara (m_P) = magiramu mazana mashanu = 0.02 kg

Huremu hwebhuroko (m_B) = magiramu mazana mashanu = 0.06 kg

Kumhanya kwekutanga kwebara (v)_P) = 10 m/s

Kumhanya kwekutanga kweblock (v)_B= = 0

Zvaidiwa: Kumhanya kwebara neblock mushure mekubonderana (v')

Solution:

Kubonderana kwacho hakuna kusimba.

m_P v_P +m_B v_B = (m_P +m_B) v'

(0.02)(10) + (0.06)(0) = (0.02 + 0.06) v'

0.2 + 0 = 0.08 v'

0.2 = 0.08 v'

v' = 0.2 / 0.08

v' = 2.5 m/s

8. Zvinhu zviviri, A naB, zvine huremu hwakafanana = 1.5 kg zvinoswedera pedyo uye zvinosangana. Kumhanya kwechinhu A (v)_A) = 4 m/s uye kumhanya kwechinhu B (v)_B) = 5 m/s. Kana kuroverana kusina kusimba, chii chinoita kuti zvinhu zvese zviri zviviri zvimhanye mushure mekuroverana.

Zvinozivikanwa:

Huremu hwechinhu A (m)_A) = 1.5 kg

Huremu hwechinhu B (m_B) = 1.5 kg

Kumhanya kwechinhu A usati wasangana (v)_A) = 4 m/s (yakarurama kurudyi)

Kumhanya kwechinhu B chisati chasangana (v)_B) = -5 m/s (kurudyi kuruboshwe)

Zvaidiwa: Kumhanya kwezvinhu zvose mushure mekubonderana

Solution:

m_A v_A +m_B v_B = (m_A +m_B) v'

(1.5)(4) + (1.5)(-5) = (1.5 + 1.5) v'

6 – 7.5 = (3) v'

-1.5 = (3) v'

v' = -1.5 / 3

v' = -0.5 m/s

Chiratidzo chekudzima chinoratidza kuti mushure mekubonderana, zvinhu zvese zvinofamba zvichienda kuruboshwe, divi rimwe chete nechinhu B.

1. Chii chinonzi kupokana mumamiriro ezvinhu efizikisi? mhinduro: Mufizikisi, kuroverana kunoreva chiitiko apo zvinhu zviviri kana kupfuura zvinosangana, zvichiwanzoshandisa simba pamusoro pechimwe nechimwe, zvichikonzera kuchinjana kwesimba nekufamba kwenguva.
2. Kugongana kwe elastic ne inelastic kwakasiyana sei? mhinduro: Mukusangana kwe elastic, simba re momentum ne kinetic zvinochengetwa. Mukusangana kwe inelastic, momentum inochengetwa, asi simba re kinetic harichengetedzwi. Kusangana kwe inelastic kwakakwana ichikamu chidiki apo zvinhu zvinosangana zvinobatana mushure mekusangana.
3. Sei simba richigara richichengetedzwa mukukonana? mhinduro: Simba rinochengetwa mukuroverana nekuda kwemutemo wekuchengetedza simba, uyo unoti simba rese rehurongwa hwakavharwa rinoramba riripo kunze kwekunge zvaitwa nemasimba ekunze.
4. Simba remagetsi rinogara richichengetwa here kana paine tsaona? mhinduro: Kwete, simba rekinetic rinongochengetedzwa chete mukukonana kwe elastic. Mukurwisana kusina kusimba, rimwe simba rekinetic rinoshandurwa kuita mamwe marudzi esimba, akadai sesimba rinogona kuitika, ruzha, kana kupisa.
5. Sei mota mbiri dzichigona kubatana mushure mekubonderana? mhinduro: Kana mota mbiri dzikabatana mushure mekuroverana, muenzaniso wekuroverana kusina kusimba zvakakwana. Mota dzinoramba dziri pamwe chete nekuda kwekupindirana kwemakanika, kushanduka-shanduka, kana mamwe masimba anokunda kugona kwadzo kudzoka kubva kune imwe.
6. Chinhu chiri kuroverana chinogona here kuona shanduko musimba remagetsi kunyangwe kumhanya kwacho kuchiramba kusina kuchinja? mhinduro: Ehe, kana chinhu chikachinja kwachinoenda panguva yekuroverana asi kwete kumhanya kwacho, kumhanya kwacho (huwandu hwevector) kunochinja, asi kumhanya kwacho (huwandu hwescalar) kunoramba kwakafanana. Kunyangwe hukuru hwesimba rayo rekinetic (zvichienderana nekumhanya) hungasachinja, chinhu chacho chakachinja mukugoverwa kwesimba.
7. Sei mabhora ebhiriyadhi achibhururukirana kana achibonderana? mhinduro: Mabhora ebhiriyadhi anoroverana zvine simba. Kana rimwe bhora rikarova rimwe, simba rekinetic ne momentum zvinofambiswa, zvichiita kuti mabhora aya apwanyike. Magadzirirwo nemagadzirirwo emabhora ebhiriyadhi zvinoita kuti akwanise kuchengetedza simba rekinetic mukudyidzana uku.
8. Kana zvinhu zviviri zvehukuru hwakasiyana zvikabonderana uye zvikabatana, kumhanya kwazvo pamwe chete kuchava avhareji yekukurumidza kwavo kwekutanga here? mhinduro: Hazvisi hazvo. Kumhanya kwakabatana kunoenderana nemutemo wekuchengetedza simba. Kana chinhu chimwe chiri chikuru kupfuura chimwe, kumhanya kwakabatana kuchava pedyo nekumhanya kwekutanga kwechinhu chakakura.
9. Munyika chaiyo, pane here kuroverana kwe "elastic" zvechokwadi? mhinduro: Muchokwadi, hapana kubonderana kunochinjika zvakakwana. Kunyange zvazvo kumwe kubonderana, senge kuri pakati pemabhora ebhiriyadhi, kuchiswedera pedyo, panenge paine simba rinorasikirwa nemamwe marudzi, akadai seruzha kana kupisa.

10. Airbag inoderedza sei njodzi yetsaona yemotokari? mhinduro: Mabhegi emhepo anowedzera nguva inotorwa kuti simba remunhu richinje kana arovera. Nekuita izvi, simba rinowanikwa nemunhu (rinoenderana nenguva iyo simba remunhu rinochinja) rinoderedzwa, zvichideredza kukuvara kunogona kuitika.