Capillarity

Simba reKubatana uye Kunamatira

Simba rekubatana isimba rinokwezva pakati pemamorekuru ari muchinhu chakafanana, nepo simba rinokwezva pakati pemamorekuru echinhu chisina kuenzana richinzi Simba rekubatana. Semuenzaniso, tinodurura mvura mugirazi. Kubatana kunoitika kana mamorekuru emvura achikwezvana, nepo kunamatira kunoitika kana mamorekuru emvura nemamorekuru egirazi achikwezvana.

Contact angle

Tisati tadzidza pfungwa yeCapillarity, tinotanga tanzwisisa kuti simba rekunamatira uye simba rekunamatira rinopesvedzera sei pacapillarity. Semuenzaniso, tinoongorora mvura iri mugirazi. Kana simba rekunamatira remorekuru remvura rakasimba kupfuura simba rekunamatira (simba rekudhonza pakati pemorekuru remvura nemorekuru regirazi) pamusoro pemvura pachaumbwa goko riri kumusoro. Muenzaniso weizvi ndewekuti mvura iri mugirazi. Kazhinji, zvinonzi mvura inonyudza pamusoro pegirazi. Kusiyana neizvi, kana simba rekunamatira rakasimba, ipapo pamusoro pemvura pachakombama pasi. Semuenzaniso, kana mercury iri mugirazi.

Kona inoumbwa nekoridho inonzi kona yekubatana. Kana simba rekubatana kwemvura rakakwirira kupfuura simba rekubatanidza, kona yekubatana inogadzirwa inowanzova diki pane 90^o (mufananidzo a). Kusiyana neizvi, kana simba rekunamatira rakakwirira kupfuura simba rekusangana kwemvura, kona yekubatana yakagadzirwa inopfuura 90^o (mufananidzo b). Masimba ekunamatira nemasimba ekubatana zvakaoma kuverenga, asi maangle ekubatana anogona kuyerwa. Chii chine chekuita ne capillarity?

Pfungwa ye capillarity

Kana simba rekubatana kwemvura rakakura kupfuura simba rekubatanidza, pamusoro pemvura inokombama mudenga. Patinoisa chubhu yakatetepa kana pombi (pombi ine dhayamita diki pane mudziyo), mvura iri mumudziyo inokwira nemukoramu yepombi. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti simba rekumanikidzwa kwese kwepamadziro echubhu rinoshanda kumusoro. Kureba kwakanyanya kunogona kuwanikwa nemvura ndekwekuti simba rekumanikidzwa kwepanyika rakaenzana nehuremu hwemvura iri mupombi. Saka, mvura inogona kungokwira kusvika pakukwirira uko simba rekumanikidzwa kwepanyika rinoenzana nehuremu hwemvura iri mupombi.

Kusiyana neizvi, kana simba rekunamatira rakakura kupfuura simba rekusangana kwemvura, pamusoro pemvura yacho pachakombama pasi. Patinoisa chubhu kana pombi yakatetepa (pombi ine dhayamita diki pane mudziyo), inoumba chikamu chezasi chemvura (ona mufananidzo uri pazasi).

Izvi zvinozivikanwa se capillary, uye pombi yakatetepa inonzi capillary tube. Yeuka kuti mitsipa midiki yeropa yedu inogonawo kunzi capillary pipes nekuti kutenderera kweropa mumitsipa midiki yeropa kunoitikawo nekuda kwemigumisiro ye capillary. Saizvozvowo, chiitiko chekunyunguduka kwewakisi kana kerosene kuburikidza ne axis. Uyezve, capillarity inofungidzirwawo kuti ine basa rakakosha mukupfuura kwemvura nezvinhu zvinovaka muviri kubva pamidzi kuenda kumashizha kuburikidza ne xylem vessels. Kana pasina capillarity, ivhu rinooma pakarepo mushure mekunaya kwemvura. Chimwe chinhu chakakosha che capillarity kuchengetedza mvura munzvimbo dziri pakati pezvikamu zvevhu.

Kuenzanisa kwe capillarity

Tingaziva sei kukwirira kwemvura inokwira kuburikidza nepaipi ye capillary? Kukwira kwemvura mupaipi ye capillary, ine radius r kusvika pakukwirira h. Simba rinoshanda mukubata mvura pakukwirira h ndicho chikamu chesimba rekumanikidzwa kwepamusoro munzira yakatwasuka: F cos θ.

Pamusoro pechubhu ye capillary pakavhurika kuitira kuti pave nekumanikidzwa kwemhepo pamusoro pemvura. Kureba kwenzvimbo yekubata pakati pemvura nepaipi i2πr (circumference). Saka, hukuru hwesimba rekumanikidzwa kwepamusoro pezvikamu zvakamira zvinoshanda pamwe chete nepamusoro pemvura ndeizvi:

F = Simba rekumanikidzwa kwepamusoro, γ = Kusimba kwemusoro, r = nharaunda yechubhu ye capillary, θ = Kona yekubata

Kana nzvimbo yakakombama iri kumusoro ikasatariswa, huwandu hwemvura iri mupombi ndehwekuti:

Vhoriyamu yemvura = nzvimbo yepamusoro yepombi x-kukwirira kwemvura

V = A h

V = (π r²h) h

Kana chikamu chakamira cheSurface Tension Force chakaenzana nehuremu hwekoramu yemvura iri muchubhu ye capillary, mvura yacho haigone kumuka zvakare. Nemamwe mashoko, mvura yacho ichasvika pakukwirira kwayo kwepamusoro, kana chikamu chakamira chesimba rekumanikidzwa kwepamusoro chakaenzana nehuremu hwemvura, chakakwirira se h. Chikamu chakamira chesimba rekumanikidzwa kwepamusoro ndeichi:

F = γ 2 π r cos θ

Kunyange zvazvo huremu hwemvura iri mupaipi ye capillary huri:

w = mg

w = ρ V g

w = ρ (π r² h) g

Kana mvura yacho yasvika pakukwirira kwayo kwepamusoro (h), chikamu chakamira chesimba rekumanikidzwa kwepamusoro mZvinofanira kuenzana nehuremu hwemvura iri muchubhu ye capillary. Panyaya yemasvomhu, zvakanyorwa:

Iyi ndiyo equation yatiri kutsvaga. Kana uchida kuona kukwirira kwekoramu yemvura, ndapota funga nezvekushandisa equation iyi.