Dzidziso yaHans Georg Gadamer yeHermeneutics neDudziro
Hans Georg Gadamer (1900-2002) anomira semunhu akakwirira muuzivi hwezana remakore rechi20, anozivikanwa zvikuru nekupa kwake kwakakosha muhunyengeri - hunyanzvi nesainzi yekududzira. Opus yake huru, "Truth and Method" (1960), inotsanangura huzivi hwakazara hwekunzwisisa uye kuisa hunyengeri pakati pezviitiko zvevanhu. Dzidziso yekududzira yaGadamer inopikisa pfungwa dzetsika dzekusasarura uye inovhura nzvimbo yekukurukurirana uko chokwadi chinotorwa sechinhu chinobuda chenhoroondo netsika.
Nheyo dzeHermeneutics dzaGadamer
Uzivi hwaGadamer hwakavakirwa mutsika dzechihemeneutic, dzinodzokera kumashure kuhuzivi hwekare hwechiGiriki uye dzakawana mukurumbira nevanhu vakaita saFriedrich Schleiermacher naWilhelm Dilthey. Zvisinei, Gadamer akasimudzira huzivi kupfuura pfungwa dzechihemeneutic kuti atore chikamu che ontological. Kuna Gadamer, kunzwisisa hakusi kungoedza nzira chete asi inzira huru yekuvapo.
Gadamer anoshandisa zvakawanda kubva kuna Martin Heidegger, kunyanya fungidziro yake yehupenyu, kutaura kuti kuvapo kwevanhu kunoratidzwa nemamiriro ezvinhu makuru ekuti "kukandirwa" munyika ine zvazvinoreva netsika. Gadamer anotaura kuti tinogara tiri mumamiriro ezvinhu enhoroondo netsika anoumba kunzwisisa kwedu kana rusaruro. Anotora izwi rekuti "rusaruro" kubva pakureva kwaro kusina kunaka kuratidza tarisiro nemaitiro ekare anoita kuti kunzwisisa kukwanisike.
Nhoroondo uye Kubatanidzwa kweHorizons
Chinhu chikuru mukunyora kwaGadamer ipfungwa yenhoroondo - pfungwa yekuti kunzwisisa kwese kwakavakirwa munhoroondo. Anoti chiito chekunzwisisa chinogara chiri mukati memamiriro ezvinhu epanguva uye chinotonyanya kukanganiswa nemamiriro ezvinhu enhoroondo. Iyi nhoroondo inopikisa pfungwa yeEnlightenment yeruzivo rwakarurama rusina rusaruro nemamiriro ezvinhu. Pane kudaro, Gadamer anotaura kuti kunzwisisa nguva dzose kunosanganisira hukama hwekukurukurirana pakati pekare neazvino.
Pfungwa ye "kusanganiswa kwemaonero" (Horizontverschmelzung) inobatanidza maitiro aya ekukurukurirana. Munhu wega wega anosvika pakuita chero chiito chekududzira nemaonero ake - seti yefungidziro, zvitendero, uye ruzivo. Pakubata nechinyorwa, mifananidzo, kana mumwe munhu, maonero aya anobatanidzwa. Kunzwisisa kunobuda kuburikidza nekubatanidzwa kwemaonero aya, zvichiburitsa nzwisiso itsva nechokwadi chinopfuura miganhu yemaonero emunhu.
Mutauro uye Kuwanda kweHermeneutics
Chimwe chinhu chikuru mukunyora kwaGadamer ndiko kukosha kwemutauro. Akasimbisa kuti mutauro hausi chishandiso chekutaura pfungwa dzagara dziripo chete asi ndiwo nzira chaiyo iyo kunzwisisa uye chokwadi zvinobuda nayo. Achitora kubva mupfungwa yaHeidegger yekuti "mutauro ndiyo imba yehupenyu," Gadamer anotaura kuti tsika dzedu dzemitauro dzinoumba nzira yatinosangana nayo uye yatinonzwisisa nayo nyika.
Kuna Gadamer, hermeneutics chikamu chehupenyu hwevanhu vose nekuti kubatanidzwa kwedu nenyika kunonyanya kududzira uye kunodzorwa kuburikidza nemutauro. Kuwanda uku kunoreva kuti hermeneutics haingogumiri pakuongorora magwaro chete asi inosvika kumarudzi ese eruzivo rwevanhu nekudyidzana.
Hunhu hweKutaurirana kweChokwadi
Maitiro aGadamer ekuona chokwadi akabatana nepfungwa yake yekutaurirana yekunzwisisa. Anoramba pfungwa yechokwadi chakaparadzana, chisina chinangwa chinonzwisiswa pasina vaturikiri. Pane kudaro, anotaura kuti chokwadi chinobuda kuburikidza nekukurukurirana. Maitiro aya ekukurukurirana anosanganisira kuvhurika kune mumwe, kuda kushandurwa nekuonana, uye kuziva kukwana uye kutadza kwemaonero edu.
Mubhuku rinonzi "Truth and Method," Gadamer anotsoropodza nzira dzekuongorora dzinotsvaga kuparadzanisa nekudzora nyaya yekuferefeta, dzakadai sedzinowanikwa mune zvesainzi dzechisikigo. Anoti sainzi dzevanhu, dzinobata nerevo nekunzwisisa, dzinoda nzira yakasiyana inoremekedza hunhu hwekukurukurirana uye hwenzvimbo yehupenyu hwevanhu. Saka kutsvaga kunzwisisa mune zvesainzi dzevanhu ihurukuro isingaperi, uko chokwadi chenguva pfupi chinobuda kuburikidza nekusanganiswa kwemaonero.
Zvinorehwa netsika dzaGadamer
Kuverenga kwaGadamer kunewo zvakunoreva patsika. Nekusimbisa hunhu hwekunzwisisana pakati pepfungwa nepfungwa, anotungamira kukosha kwekuvhurika kune mumwe nemumwe uye kukura kwehunhu hwekutaurirana hwakadai sekuzvininipisa, ruremekedzo, uye tsitsi. Munyika ine mutsauko wetsika nepfungwa, kuverenga kwaGadamer kunopa hurongwa hwekusimudzira kunzwisisana nekugadzirisa kusawirirana.
Uyezve, kusimbisa kwake pamusoro penhoroondo uye mamiriro ekunzwisisana kunoda kuti tizvizive zvakadzama nezverusarura rwedu uye nzira dzarunoumba nadzo kutaurirana kwedu nevamwe. Kuziva uku kwakakosha hakutsvagi kubvisa rusarura asi kuti kuhuratidze nekufungisisa, zvichibvumira kukura nekushanduka kuburikidza nekukurukurirana.
Mashandisirwo uye Kutsoropodzwa
Hermeneutics yaGadamer yakawana mashandisirwo muzvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana, zvinosanganisira dzidziso dzemabhuku, dzidziso dzechitendero, dudziro yemutemo, uye sainzi yemagariro evanhu. Nekuratidza hunhu hwekududzira kwekunzwisisa, hermeneutics yake inopa ruzivo rwakakosha pamusoro pekuchinja kwekuita zvinoreva munzvimbo dzakasiyana.
Zvisinei, maitiro aGadamer akatarisanawo nekutsoropodzwa. Dzimwe nyanzvi dzinoti kusimbisa kwake tsika nekuenderera mberi kwenhoroondo kunoisa panjodzi yerudzi rwekuchengetedza tsika izvo zvinogona kukanganisa kutsoropodzwa kwakanyanya uye shanduko munharaunda. Vamwe vanobvunza kana nzira yake yekukurukurirana yekunzwisisana ichitarisa kusaenzana kwemasimba uye mukana wekushandiswa kwehurukuro nekumanikidza kana kunyengedza. Kunyange zvakadaro, kutsoropodza uku kwakakonzera gakava rine zvibereko uye zvimwe zviri kuitika mudzidziso yehermeneutic.
mhedziso
Hermeneutics yaHans Georg Gadamer inomiririra kufunga patsva kwehunhu hwekunzwisisa nekududzira. Nekuisa hermeneutics munzvimbo yakakura yehupenyu hwevanhu, anopikisa kutsvaga chokwadi chisina matambudziko uye chinogara kwenguva refu uye panzvimbo pezvo anopemberera maitiro ekukurukurirana ane simba, ayo zvinoreva uye chokwadi zvinobuda. Kunzwisisa kwaGadamer munhoroondo, mutauro, uye hunhu hwekunzwisisa kunoramba kuchienderera mberi muzvikamu zvakasiyana, zvichipa maonero akakosha ekufamba nematambudziko eruzivo rwevanhu uye kukurudzira hurukuro dzinobatanidza uye dzinonzwira tsitsi.
