Kushandisa Midziyo Yekudyara Imwe Nzira
Kurima zvirimwa ndicho chinhu chikuru pakurima zvirimwa zvakanaka, kungave munzvimbo dzakakura kana munzvimbo dzakamanikana dzakadai semayadhi, mabhakoni, kana kurima muguta. Ivhu remubindu rinowanzoonekwa sesarudzo huru. Zvisinei, ivhu diki, ivhu risina kunaka, uye kudiwa kwenzira dzakachena uye dzinoshanda dzekurima zvakaita kuti vanhu vazhinji vashandise dzimwe nzira dzekurima. Dzimwe nzira dzekurima zvirimwa zvinhu zvisiri ivhu remubindu rakachena rinoshandiswa kutsigira midzi, kuchengetedza mvura, kupa mweya, uye kubatsira kuona kuti zvinovaka muviri zvinowanikwa mumiti. Chinyorwa chino chinokurukura dzimwe nzira dzekurima zvirimwa, zvakanakira nezvazvakaipira, uye maitiro ekusarudza nekugadzira kuti kurimwa kubudirire.
Sei Michina Yekudyara Mimwe Mimwe Mimwe Midziyo Yakakurumbira?
Pane zvikonzero zvakawanda zvakaita kuti nzira dzekurima dzimwe nzvimbo dzifarirwe. Chekutanga, ivhu remumaguta hariwanzo nyatsonaka: rakamanikana zvakanyanya, rakasvibiswa, kana kuti harina zvinovaka muviri zvakakwana. Chechipiri, kushandiswa kwehari uye nzira dzekurima dzemazuva ano dzakadai sehydroponics kunoda nzira dzakareruka uye dzine maburi akawanda. Chechitatu, nzira dzekurima dzimwe nzvimbo dzinobatsira kugadzira nzvimbo yakadzikama yemidzi—kunyanya yemiti yekushongedza, miriwo yemashizha, uye kunyange michero iri muhari.
Uyezve, dzimwe nzira dzekurima dzinotsigirawo misimboti isingakuvadzi nharaunda. Zvinhu zvakawanda zvinogona kushandiswa kubva mumarara ekurima neepamba, akadai semakungu emupunga, coconut fiber, kana organic compost. Nesarudzo chaiyo, dzimwe nzira dzekurima dzinogona kuwedzera kushanda zvakanaka kwemvura, kuvandudza mhepo inoyerera, kuderedza njodzi yezvirwere zvinokonzerwa nevhu, uye kubatsira kusima zvirimwa.
Zvinodiwa pakudyara zvakanaka
Usati wakurukura nezvemhando dzezvirimwa izvi, zvakakosha kuti unzwisise hunhu hwezvirimwa zvakanaka. Midziyo yakanaka inowanzova ne:
1. Kupinza kwakanaka: midzi inowana okisijeni yakakwana, haikurumidzi kunyura mumatope.
2. Kukwanisa kuchengetedza mvura kwakakwana: haiome nekukurumidza, asi haichengete mvura yakawandisa.
3. Chimiro chakasimba uye chakareruka: hachipindi nyore uye hachiremedzi poto.
4. Kusava nezvirwere zvinotapukira uye mbeu dzesora: kunoderedza njodzi yekurwara.
5. pH zvichienderana nezvinodiwa nemiti: kazhinji inotangira pa5,5–7, zvichienderana nerudzi rwemiti.
6. Kukwanisa kusunga zvinovaka muviri: kana kuti nyore kupa zvimwe zvinovaka muviri.
Nekuti chinhu chimwe nechimwe chine hunhu hwakasiyana, dzimwe nzira dzekudyara dzinowanzo shandiswa mumhando dzakasiyana, kwete chete, kuitira kuti hunhu hwacho huve hwakaringana.
Mhando dzeMidziyo Yekudyara Zvimwe
1. Coconut (Upfu hweCoconut Fiber)
Cocopeat inogadzirwa necoconut fiber yakakuyiwa zvakanaka. Iyi nzira inozivikanwa nekuchengetedza kwayo mvura zvakanaka uye kupfava kwayo, izvo zvinoita kuti midzi ikure zviri nyore.
Zvakanakira: chiedza, kugona kuchengetedza mvura yakawanda, uye kuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza.
Zvakashata: kana isina kugezwa/kuiswa buffer, inogona kunge iine munyu (EC yakawanda) uye tannins; inoda kudya kwakawedzerwa nekuda kwekushomeka kwezvinovaka muviri.
Cocopeat yakakodzera miriwo yemashizha, zvirimwa zvekushongedza, uye musanganiswa wehari. Zvakanaka, inosanganiswa nezvinhu zvine maburi zvakaita semakungu emupunga akapiswa kana perlite kuti mhepo ipinde zvakanaka.
2. Makwande emupunga (asina kubikwa uye akagochwa)
Makungu emupunga asina kupiswa makungu emupunga asina kupiswa. Makungu emupunga akapiswa (marasha emupunga) anogadzirwa nekutsva kusina kukwana.
Makwande asina kubikwa:
– Zvakanakira: zvakachipa, zvakareruka, zvinovandudza kufefetera kwemhepo.
– Zvakashata: zvinononoka kuora, zvinogona kuva nzvimbo yekuberekera chakuvhuvhu kana zvakanyorova zvakanyanya.
Makungu emupunga akapiswa:
– Zvakanakira: kusabereka zviri nani, ine maburi, inobatsira kuburitsa mvura, haimanikidzwi nyore.
– Zvakashata: kugona kwayo kuchengeta mvura kwakaderera pane cocopeat.
Makungu emupunga akapiswa akanakira kushandiswa muhari kudzivirira kuomeswa. Muchokwadi, musanganiswa wemakungu emupunga, manyowa, uye cocopeat unowanzo shandiswa pakurima mumaguta.
3. Manyowa neManyowa Akura
Manyowa anokonzerwa nekuora kwezvinhu zvakasikwa zvakaita semashizha, zvimedu zvemuriwo, kana uswa. Manyowa akura anogadzirwa netsvina yemhuka inenge yaviriswa kusvika yatonhora uye yapera kunhuwa.
Zvakanakira: yakapfuma muzvinhu zvakasikwa uye zvinovaka muviri, inovandudza chimiro chemidziyo, inowedzera hutachiona hwakanaka.
Zvakashata: kana isina kuibva, inogona "kupisa" uye kukuvadza midzi; njodzi yekuunza utachiona kana maitiro acho asina kunaka.
Manyowa anoshanda se "anopa zvinovaka muviri" mumusanganiswa. Pahari, zvakanaka kusashandisa manyowa 100%, sezvo anogona kuzara zvakanyanya uye kuchengetedza mvura yakawandisa.
4. Perlite neVermiculite
Perlite idombo rinoputika rinodziiswa kusvika rakura, nepo vermiculite iri mineral inokura uye inokwanisa kuchengetedza mvura zviri nani.
Perlite: inovandudza kufefetera kwemhepo uye kuyerera kwemvura.
Vermiculite: inochengetedza mvura uye inobatsira kuchengetedza zvinovaka muviri.
Dzese dzinozivikanwa pakudyara mbeu, kuchekwa kwembeu, uye musanganiswa wepamusoro we hydroponic kana muhari. Dambudziko nderekuti mutengo wadzo wakakwira uye kuwanikwa kwadzo kunoenderana nenzvimbo yacho.
5. Jecha reMalang / Jecha Rakaoma
Jecha rakaomarara rinogona kushandiswa kunatsiridza kuyerera kwemvura, kunyanya kune zvirimwa zvisingade nzvimbo dzakanyorova zvakanyanya, senge cacti kana succulents.
Zvakanakira: zvinokurumidzisa kufamba kwemvura, zvinoderedza njodzi yekuora kwemidzi.
Zvakashata: zvinorema, hazvichengete zvinovaka muviri, zvinofanira kunge zvisina matope.
Jecha rinofanira kushandiswa semusanganiswa, kwete senzira yega, uye rinofanira kutanga rasukwa.
6. Makwati eMupunga neMakwati eMupaini
Dust remupaini nebark remupaini zvinowanzo shandiswa pamiti yekushongedza, kunyanya maorchid, maaroid, kana miti inofarira nzvimbo dzine maburi.
Zvakanakira: chiedza, chinovandudza kufefetera kwemhepo.
Zvakashata: inogona "kusunga" nitrogen kana yaora kuitira kuti zvirimwa zvisave neN; inofanira kuve nechokwadi chekuti haina makemikari.
Makwati emupaini anobatsirawo kuchengetedza chimiro chenzvimbo yacho. Kuti usasangana nematambudziko enitrogen, sanganisa nemanyowa kana fetereza ine N-rich.
7. Rockwool neHydroton (LECA)
Uswa hweRockwool inyuchi yemineral inowanzoshandiswa mu hydroponics. Hydroton/LECA mabhora evhu akabikwa akareruka, ane maburi.
Zvakanakira: haina tsvina, inogara iripo, yakakodzera kushandiswa mu hydroponic uye semi-hydro systems.
Zvakashata: haisi nzvimbo yekudya zvinovaka muviri; inoda mushonga wakayerwa wekudya; mvere dzematombo dzinogona kutsamwisa ganda kana dzikabatwa.
LECA yakakodzera zvirimwa zvekushongedza zvemukati zvine masisitimu emvura shoma nekuti zvinoita kuti zvive nyore kudzora hunyoro uye inoderedza njodzi yezvipembenene zvevhu.
Mienzaniso yeMisanganiswa yeMidziyo yeKudyara Mimwe Midziyo
Heano mamwe mafomura anoshandiswa kakawanda (anogona kugadziriswa kuti aenderane nemamiriro ezvinhu):
1. Muriwo une mashizha (spinachi yemvura, bok choy, lettuce)
- 40% chikafu chekokoreti
– 30% manyowa akura
– 30% marasha emakungu emupunga
2. Michero iri muhari (mhiripiri, matomatisi, biringanya)
- 30% chikafu chekokoreti
– 30% manyowa/manyowa akakura
– 20% marasha emakungu emupunga
– 20% jecha rakaomarara/perlite (sarudzo yekudhonza mvura)
3. Cacti nemiti yeSucculents
– 50% jecha rakaomarara/pumice/perlite
– 30% marasha emakungu emupunga
– 20% yemanyowa akakura (zvishoma chete)
4. MaOrchids nemiti ye epiphytic
– 50% makwati emupaini/marasha
– 30% coconut chips/coconut fiber
– 20% perlite (zvichida)
Maitiro Ekugadzirira Midhiya Kuti Ishandiswe Zvakachengeteka
Zvimwe zvinhu zvichiri kuda kugadzirwa. Coconut inofanira kunyikwa yosukurudzwa kubvisa munyu. Makungu emupunga asina kubikwa anogona kuomeswa nezuva osanganiswa nezvimwe zvinhu kuderedza hunyoro. Manyowa nevhu zvinofanira kunge zvanyatsoibva: kwete kupisa, kwete kunhuwa, uye zvine manyowa. Kana zvichibvira, ita sterilization iri nyore nekuomesa nezuva kana kupfungaira kuti uderedze hutachiona.
Pamusoro pezvo, nyatsocherechedzai kuti muhari inoyerera sei. Kunyangwe musanganiswa wehari yacho wakanaka sei, zvichava dambudziko kana isina maburi akakwana kana mvura iri pasi. Kushandisa mulch weorganic kunogonawo kubatsira kuchengetedza hunyoro uye kudzvinyirira sora.
Mhedziso
Kushandisa nzira dzekurima dzimwe nzvimbo inzira inoshanda yekurima zvirimwa mumamiriro akasiyana-siyana, kunyanya munzvimbo dzemaguta uye dzine nzvimbo shoma. Coconut, makungu emupunga akapiswa, manyowa, perlite, uye LECA chimwe nechimwe chine hunhu hwakasiyana hunogona kugadziriswa zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa nechirimwa. Chinokosha pakubudirira chiri mukusarudza nzira yakakodzera, kugadzirisa zvakanaka, uye musanganiswa wakaringana wemhepo, kuchengetedza mvura, uye kuwanikwa kwezvinovaka muviri. Neimwe nzira yekurima, kudyara kunova nyore, kwakachena, uye kunowedzera mukana wezvirimwa zvine hutano uye zvinobereka.
Kana muchida, ndinogona kugadzirisa chinyorwa chino kuti chive chakanyatsojeka—semuenzaniso, chemuriwo wehydroponic, zvirimwa zvekushongedza mumba, kana kurima mhiripiri/matomatisi muhari—kuitira kuti misanganiswa yemedia inokurudzirwa ive yakanyatsojeka.
