Kuwedzera Kwevanhu Pasirose neIndonesia Nekufamba Kwenguva
Kukura kwevanhu chinhu chakakosha muzvidzidzo zvevanhu, zvichikanganisa zvakanyanya mararamiro akasiyana-siyana, kusanganisira hupfumi, magariro evanhu, uye zvakatipoteredza. Chinyorwa chino chichakurukura kuti kukura kwevanhu pasi rose nevekuIndonesia kwakachinja sei nekufamba kwenguva, pamwe nemigumisiro yazvo mune ramangwana.
Kuwedzera Kwevagari Vepasi Pose
Nhoroondo yekukura kwevanhu pasi rose yave nematanho akawanda ekukura. Kubva pakutanga kwebudiriro yevanhu, huwandu hwevanhu pasi rose hwave huchikura zvishoma nezvishoma. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti pakutanga kwenguva yemazuva ano, kunenge muzana remakore rechi17, huwandu hwevanhu pasi rose hwaingova mamiriyoni mazana mashanu chete. Munguva iyi, kukura kwevanhu kwaive kwakaderera zvikuru nekuda kwehuwandu hwevanhu vakafa zvakanyanya nekuda kwezvirwere, hondo, nenzara.
Zvisinei, nekutanga kweIndustrial Revolution muzana remakore rechi18, shanduko huru dzakaitika. Zvakawanikwa uye hunyanzvi mukurima, hutano, uye tekinoroji zvakavandudza hupenyu uye zvakaderedza zvakanyanya huwandu hwevanhu vanofa. Nekuda kweizvozvo, huwandu hwevanhu hwakawedzera zvakanyanya.
Muzana remakore rechi20, huwandu hwevanhu pasi rose hwakakwira zvakanyanya. Pakati pemakore ekuma1960 nema1970, huwandu hwevanhu hwakasvika pa2% pagore, chiyero chisina kumboitika munhoroondo yevanhu. Izvi zvakakonzerwa zvikuru nekuchinja kwezvipenyu, izvo zvakawedzera kugadzirwa kwechikafu uye kuwanikwa kwemishonga yekudzivirira zvirwere, izvo zvakaderedza huwandu hwevanhu vanofa.
Muna 1987, huwandu hwevanhu pasi rose hwakasvika mabhiriyoni mashanu, uye muna 1999, hwakanga hwakwira kusvika mabhiriyoni matanhatu. Kubva ipapo, mwero wekukura wakatanga kudzikira zvishoma nezvishoma, asi huwandu hwevanhu huri kuramba huchikura. Pakazosvika 2021, huwandu hwevanhu pasi rose hunofungidzirwa kuti hwapfuura mabhiriyoni manomwe nemazana mapfumbamwe.
Chimwe chinhu chakakosha chinokanganisa kukura kwevanhu inyaya yekuchinja kwevanhu, uko nyika dzichiri kusimukira dzinowanzoona kudzikira kwehuwandu hwevanhu vanozvarwa mushure mekunge dzamboona kuwedzera kwehuwandu hwevanhu vanozvarwa nekuda kwehutano hwakanaka uye kugara zvakanaka kwehupfumi.
Kuwedzera Kwevagari muIndonesia
Senyika yechina ine vanhu vakawanda pasi rose, kukura kwevanhu muIndonesia kunoita basa guru mukuchinja kwehuwandu hwevanhu pasi rose. Nhoroondo yekukura kwevanhu muIndonesia inoratidzawo maitiro akafanana neenyika dzese, asi ine hunhu hwakasiyana hwenzvimbo.
Pakutanga kwezana remakore rechi20, huwandu hwevanhu vemuIndonesia hwaifungidzirwa kuti hwaisvika mamiriyoni makumi mana chete. Zvisinei, mushure mekuzvitonga kubva muhutongi hwemakoloni muna 1945, hurumende yeIndonesia yakatanga kutungamira maitiro ekuvandudza hutano hwevanhu, izvo zvakakonzerawo kuwedzera kwehuwandu hwevanhu.
Mumakore ekuma1970, hurumende yeIndonesia yakatanga kuona matambudziko ekukura kwevanhu nekukurumidza uye yakatanga Chirongwa Chekuronga Mhuri. Chirongwa ichi chaive nechinangwa chekuderedza huwandu hwevanhu vanozvarwa kuburikidza nedzidzo uye kupa mishonga yekudzivirira pamuviri iri nyore kuwana. Kubudirira kwechirongwa ichi kwaive kukuru, nekukura kwacho kwakatanga kudzikira kunyangwe huwandu hwevanhu hwakaramba huchiwedzera.
Muna 1990, huwandu hwevanhu vemuIndonesia hwakasvika mamiriyoni zana nemakumi masere, uye hwakazowedzera kusvika pamamiriyoni mazana maviri pakutanga kwechiuru chechitatu chemakore. Pakazosvika gore ra2021, huwandu hwevanhu hunofungidzirwa kuti hunopfuura mamiriyoni mazana maviri nemakumi manomwe. Kukura uku kwave kusina kuenzana muIndonesia yese, neJava, chitsuwa chine vanhu vakawanda, ichitarisana nematambudziko makuru nekuda kwekuwanda kwevanhu.
Mhedzisiro Nematambudziko Ekukura Kwevagari
Kukurumidza kukura kwevanhu, pasi rose nemuIndonesia, kune matambudziko akasiyana-siyana. Rimwe rematambudziko makuru nderekuona kuti chikafu chakakwana, mvura, nezvimwe zviwanikwa zvinogutsa zvinodiwa nevanhu vari kukura. Kukura kwevanhu kunokanganisawo shanduko dzezvakatipoteredza, dzakadai sekutemwa kwemiti, kudzikira kwemarudzi akasiyana-siyana ezvisikwa, uye kusvibiswa kwemhepo.
Panyaya dzezvehupfumi, kukura kwevanhu kunogona kukonzera kukura kwehupfumi kana kukatsigirwa nekuvandudzwa kwemhando yevanhu. Zvisinei, pasina kuronga kwakakodzera, kukura nekukurumidza kunogona kukonzera kuwedzera kweurombo uye kusaenzana kwevanhu munharaunda. Dzidzo nehutano zvinofanirwa kupihwa pekutanga kutsigira kugona kwevanhu kubatsira mukusimudzira nyika.
Remangwana reKukura kweVanhu
Zvifungidziro zveramangwana zvinoratidza kuti kuwedzera kwevanhu pasi rose kunogona kuramba kuripo, kunyangwe paine mwero wakadzikama. Sekureva kwemushumo weSangano reNyika Dzepasi Pose, huwandu hwevanhu pasi rose hunogona kusvika mabhiriyoni 9,7 panosvika gore ra2050. Kuwanda kwekukura uku kunotarisirwa kuitika munyika dzichiri kusimukira, kunyanya muAfrica neSouth Asia.
MuIndonesia, kunyange hazvo kukura kwehuwandu hwevanhu kwatanga kudzikira, kumanikidzwa kwevanhu kuchiri dambudziko guru, kunyanya rine chekuita nekukura kwevanhu mumaguta uye kusaenzana kwebudiriro pakati pemaguta nenzvimbo dzekumaruwa. Maguta makuru eIndonesia acharamba achikura, zvichikonzera matambudziko muzvivakwa, kutakura vanhu, uye dzimba.
Pakutarisana nematambudziko aya, mitemo yakatarisana nebudiriro inoenderera mberi yakakosha. Hurumende dzinofanira kufunga nezvezvinhu zvakatipoteredza, zvehupfumi, uye zvemagariro evanhu panguva imwe chete kuti dzive nechokwadi chekuti zvinodiwa nechizvarwa chemazuva ano zvinozadzikiswa pasina kukanganisa kugona kwezvizvarwa zveramangwana kuzadzisa zvavanoda.
Mhedziso
Kutarisira kukura kwevanhu ibasa rakaoma rinoda kutarisirwa uye chiito kubva kumapoka ese enharaunda. Kutarisira vanhu zvakanaka kuchakanganisa zvikuru mararamiro emangwana. Kunzwisisa kwakanaka kwekukura kwevanhu uye zvakunoreva kunoita kuti matanho akakodzera ehurongwa atorerwe kuitira kuti kukura kwevanhu kuve chinhu chinosimudzira budiriro inogara kwenguva refu uye inosanganisira vese, pasi rose nemuno, kunyanya muIndonesia.
