Kupararira kweMhuka dzeIndonesia
Indonesia, chitsuwa chiri pakati pemakondinendi maviri nemakungwa maviri, ine mhando dzakasiyana dzezvipenyu, kusanganisira kupararira kwezvipenyu zvakasiyana. Nyika iyi ine zvitsuwa zvinopfuura 17.000, chimwe nechimwe chine nharaunda yaro yakasiyana inotsigira mhando dzakasiyana dzezvipenyu. Kupararira kwezvipenyu muIndonesia hakungokoshi chete kune kusiyana-siyana kwezvipenyu pasi rose asiwo kune kukosha kukuru kwezvakatipoteredza, hupfumi, uye tsika kunyika. Muchinyorwa chino, tichaongorora kupararira kwezvipenyu zveIndonesia, zvinhu zvinozvipesvedzera, uye mabasa ari kuitwa ekuchengetedza pfuma iyi yechisikigo.
Nzvimbo uye Kupararira kweZvipenyu
Indonesia iri munzvimbo dzinopisa, zvichireva kuti inonakidzwa nemamiriro ekunze anodziya uye ane hunyoro gore rose. Nzvimbo yayo yakanaka panosangana mapurani eAsia neAustralia inoita kuti pave nenzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana dzezvakatipoteredza, kubva kumasango emvura anonaya mvura uye masavanna kusvika kumakomo nenharaunda dzemahombekombe dzakadai semangrove nematombo ekorari. Mamiriro aya ndiwo anonyanya kukanganisa kupararira kwemhuka munzvimbo iyi yese.
Zvitsuwa zveIndonesia zvakakamurwa kuita nzvimbo mbiri dzenzvimbo zvichibva paWallace Line neWeber Line, idzo dziri miganhu yekufungidzira yekupararira kwemhuka pakati peAsia neAustralasia. Kumadokero kweWallace Line, mhuka dzinowanikwa dzakafanana nemarudzi eAsia, akadai semadindingwe, nzou, uye mapembere. Kumabvazuva kweWeber Line, mhuka dzakafanana nemarudzi eAustralasian, akadai semakangaroo emiti nemacassowaries.
Kupararira kweMhuka muDunhu rekumadokero
Dunhu rekumadokero kweIndonesia, rinosanganisira zvitsuwa zvikuru zveSumatra, Java, neKalimantan, rinozivikanwa nekusiyana-siyana kwemarudzi emhuka kubva kumhuri yeAsia. Sumatra neKalimantan dzine nzvimbo dzemvura dzinogara mhuka dzakasiyana dzakadai se orangutan, ingwe yeSumatran, uye chipembere cheSumatran. Ingwe yeSumatran (Panthera tigris sumatrae) ingwe inowanikwa chete pachitsuwa cheSumatra uye yakanyorwa semhuka dziri munjodzi.
Pasinei nekumanikidzwa kukuru kwevanhu, Java ichiri musha wemhuka dzinokosha dzakawanda, kusanganisira mbada dzeJavan nebanteng. Kusiyana-siyana kwezvipenyu munzvimbo iyi yekumadokero kuri kutyisidzirwa zvakanyanya nekuda kwekutemwa kwemasango, kuvhimwa kwemhuka, uye kushandurwa kweminda kuti ive minda.
Mhuka dziri muCentral Region
Dunhu repakati peIndonesia rinosanganisira zvitsuwa zvakaita seSulawesi neMaluku. Sulawesi chimwe chezvitsuwa zvakasiyana pasi rose maererano nekusiyana-siyana kwezvinhu. Ine mhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzemhuka, dzinosanganisira babirusas, anoas, uye tarsiers. Zvisikwa zvakasiyana zveSulawesi zvinonyanya kukonzerwa nekusiyana kwaro nenzvimbo uye nhoroondo yakaoma yezve geology.
Zvitsuwa zveMaluku, zvinozivikanwawo se "Spice Islands," zvine mhando dzakasiyana dzemhuka dzinoyevedza. Ndiwo musha weshiri dzinowanikwa munzvimbo dzakasiyana dzakadai seMoluccan cockatoo neshiri yeparadhiso.
Mhuka dziri muDunhu reKumabvazuva
Papua nezvitsuwa zvayo zvakaipoteredza zvinoumba chikamu chekumabvazuva kweIndonesia, zvine hukama nehupenyu hwevanhu neAustralia. Papua ine nharaunda dzakasiyana-siyana, kubva kunzvimbo dziri kumahombekombe kusvika kumakomo emakomo, ichitsigira zviuru zvemarudzi emiti nemhuka. Papua inzvimbo ine shiri dzinoshamisa dzeparadhiso, cuscuses, uye kangaroo dzemiti, dzese dzinowanikwa munzvimbo iyi chete.
Zvitsuwa zveNusa Tenggara zvinewo mhuka dzakasiyana. Madhiragoni eKomodo, madzvinyu makuru pasi rose, anowanikwa pazvitsuwa zvishomanana chete munharaunda iyi, zvinosanganisira Komodo, Rinca, neFlores. Madhiragoni eKomodo ave chiratidzo chekubudirira kweIndonesia mukuchengetedza mhuka.
Zvinotyisa uye Matambudziko
Pasinei nekuwanda kwemhuka muIndonesia, nyika yacho inotarisana nematambudziko akawanda mukuchengetedza nekutarisira zviwanikwa. Kutemwa kwemasango kukuru, kunyanya nekuda kwekuwedzera minda yemichindwe ine mafuta uye kutema miti, kwakaisa pangozi nzvimbo dzemarudzi akawanda emhuka. Kuvhima mhuka zvisiri pamutemo uye kutengeswa kwemhuka dzesango zvisiri pamutemo zvinotyisidzirawo zvakanyanya kuchengetedzeka kwemhuka dzesango muIndonesia.
Kuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze pasi rose kuri kuwedzera kuipa kwemamiriro ezvinhu nekukanganisa kuenzana kwezvipenyu. Kukwira kwekupisa uye kuchinja kwemamiriro emvura zvine mukana wekukanganisa zvipenyu zvechisikigo, nzvimbo dzekugara dziri pangozi pamwe nemarudzi anovimba nazvo.
Kuedza Kuchengetedza Nekudzivirira
Ichiziva matambudziko aya, hurumende yeIndonesia, pamwe chete nemasangano epasi rose, maNGO, nenharaunda dzemuno, vari kuramba vachiedza kuchengetedza mhando dzakasiyana dzemhuka. Kugadzwa kwemapaki enyika nenzvimbo dzekuchengetedza inhanho yakakosha mukuchengetedza nzvimbo dzakakosha dzemarudzi akawanda. Indonesia ine mapaki enyika makumi mashanu nemana, anosanganisira Ujung Kulon, Way Kambas, naLorentz, ayo anopa dziviriro kumarudzi ari munjodzi.
Dzidzo nekusimudzira ruzivo rweveruzhinji ndizvo zvinhu zvakakosha kuti nharaunda dzemunharaunda dzikwanise kuita basa guru mukuchengetedza nharaunda. Zvirongwa zvekushanya kwezvakatipoteredza zviri kugadzirwawo kuti zvibatsire nharaunda dzemunharaunda uye kukurudzira kuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza.
Kushandira pamwe kwedunhu nenyika dzepasi rose kuri kuramba kuchiwedzerwa kugadzirisa kutengeswa kwemhuka dzesango. Kusimbiswa kwemutemo kwakasimba uye kuwedzera kwekutarisa pazviteshi nenhandare dzendege ndizvo zvinhu zvakakosha muchirongwa chekurwisa kutengeswa kwemhuka dzesango zvisiri pamutemo.
Mhedziso
Kupararira kwemhuka dzemuIndonesia ndechimwe chezvinhu zvinoshamisa pakupfuma kwezvisikwa zvenyika. Kusiyana kwemarudzi anowanikwa pachitsuwa chimwe nechimwe kunomiririra pfuma yezvakatipoteredza inofanira kuchengetedzwa nekuchengetedzwa. Kuburikidza nemabasa ekuchengetedza ari kuenderera mberi, Indonesia yakazvipira kuchengetedza nhaka yayo yechisikigo yezvizvarwa zvinotevera. Zvisinei, mabasa aya anoda rutsigiro kubva kumapato ese, kusanganisira hurumende, nharaunda dzemuno, uye nharaunda yepasi rose, kugadzirisa njodzi dziripo nematambudziko. Nekushandira pamwe kwakasimba, tinogona kuve nechokwadi chekuti mhuka dzemuIndonesia dzakapfuma dzinoramba dziri chikamu chakakosha chehupenyu hwepasi rose.
