Kushandiswa kweMafungu eElectromagnetic: Shanduko yeTekinoroji muMatunhu Akasiyana-siyana
Mafungu emagetsi emagetsi zviitiko zvechisikigo zvinosanganisira kushandura masimba emagetsi nemagineti zvakanangana uye kupararira muchadenga pasina chikonzero chechinhu chinotibatsira. Mazhinji ematekinoroji atinoshandisa muhupenyu hwedu hwezuva nezuva anoshandisa hunhu hwakasiyana hwemafungu aya. Pepa rino richakurukura mashandisirwo akasiyana-siyana emafungu emagetsi mukutaurirana, mishonga, maindasitiri, tekinoroji yeruzivo, uye nharaunda.
Kutaurirana neTerevhizheni
Imwe yenzira dzinonyanya kushandiswa dzema "electromagnetic waves" ndeye tekinoroji yekutaurirana. Mafungu eredhiyo, anosanganisira AM neFM, pamwe nema "microwave", anoshandiswa kutumira ruzha, mifananidzo, nedata pasina waya mumhepo. Mukati menyaya iyi, tinoziva matekinoroji akadai seredhiyo, terevhizheni, nharembozha, uye Wi-Fi.
Redhiyo neterevhizheni zvinoshanda nekutumira nekugamuchira mafungu emagetsi pamafrequencies chaiwo. Redhiyo yeAM (Amplitude Modulated) neFM (Frequency Modulated) dzakasiyana pakuisa ruzivo muwaya inotakurwa. Terevhizheni, kune rumwe rutivi, inoshandisa mafungu eanalog kana edhijitari kuratidza ruzha nemifananidzo inotorwa neTV receiver.
Nharembozha nemaWi-Fi network zvinoshandisa tekinoroji ye microwave kutumira nekugamuchira data. Iyi tekinoroji inogonesa kutaurirana ipapo ipapo kuburikidza nezwi, mameseji, uye vhidhiyo pasi rese. Kufambira mberi muhunyanzvi hwe microwave kwakawedzera kugona kwemidziyo iyi maererano nekumhanya uye kugona kwedata.
Zvekurapa uye Hutano
Mukurapa, mafungu emagetsi anoshandiswa pakuongorora nekurapa. Imwe yenzira dzinozivikanwa zvikuru kushandisa maX-rays kuratidza mukati memuviri wemunhu. MaX-rays imhando yemwaranzi yemagetsi ine marefu mapfupi kwazvo anogona kupinda munyama yemuviri uye kugadzira mifananidzo yemapfupa nenhengo dzemukati.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) imwe tekinoroji inoshandisa masimba emagineti nemafungu eredhiyo kugadzira mifananidzo yakadzama yenhengo nematishu ari mumuviri. MRI inobatsira pane dzimwe nzira ndeyekuti haishandisi mwaranzi ionizing, zvichiita kuti ionekwe yakachengeteka kuvarwere.
Pamusoro pezvo, kurapwa nemwaranzi kunoshandisa gamma rays kana X-rays ine simba guru kuuraya masero ekenza kana kuderedza bundu. Tekinoroji yeLaser, imwe nzira yemwaranzi yemagetsi, inoshandiswawo mumhando dzakasiyana dzekurapa, kusanganisira kugadzirisa kuona (LASIK), kurapa ganda, uye kuvhiyiwa.
Maindasitiri uye Kugadzira
Mafungu emagetsi anoita basa rakakosha muindasitiri nekugadzira. Imwe nzira yekushandisa iri muhunyanzvi hwekugadzirisa zvinhu, senge welding uye laser metal cutting. Kucheka nelaser kunopa kunyatsojeka, kumhanya, uye kugona kuita basa iri pasina kukonzera kukuvara kwakanyanya kwekupisa kwezvinhu zvakakomberedza.
Pamusoro pezvo, ma microwave anoshandiswa mukuomesa nekudziisa zvinhu mumaindasitiri akasiyana-siyana. Semuenzaniso, muindasitiri yechikafu, ma microwave anoshandiswa kudziisa nekuomesa zvigadzirwa nekukurumidza, zvichiwedzera kugona kwekugadzira uye kushanda nesimba.
Masisitimu ekuyedza asingaparadze (NDT) anoshandisawo mafungu emagetsi kuona kusimba kwezvinhu nezvikamu pasina kuzvikuvadza. Matekiniki akadai sekuyedza eddy current uye ultrasonic anoshandisa mafungu emagetsi kuona zvikanganiso zvemukati kana kusawirirana kwezvinhu.
Teknologi Informasi dan Komunikasi
Muruzivo rwemichina yekutaurirana, mafungu emagetsi ane basa guru mukusimudzira ma network emakombiyuta, internet, uye kutaurirana kwesatellite. Fiber optics, iyo inoshandisa chiedza (mafungu emagetsi ari mu spectrum inooneka) kutumira data nekukurumidza kuburikidza netambo dze fiber-optic, yakachinja nzira yatinotumira nekugamuchira ruzivo.
Matekinoroji eWi-Fi neBluetooth anobvumira michina kutaurirana isina waya vachishandisa mawaya eredhiyo. Wi-Fi inoshandisa ma microwave frequency kubatanidza michina kuinternet isina waya, nepo Bluetooth ichibvumira kuchinjana data pakati pemidziyo.
Kutaurirana nesatellite ndeimwe nzira yakakosha, inobvumira kutumira data kure kure uye masevhisi eGPS ekufambisa. Masatellite anoshandisa ma microwave frequency kutumira masaini kuPasi nekudzokera, achipa masevhisi ekutaurirana akakosha munzvimbo dziri kure kana panguva yenjodzi dzechisikigo.
Zvakatipoteredza uye Mamiriro ekunze
Mafungu emagetsi anoshandiswawo mukuongorora nharaunda uye muzvidzidzo zvemamiriro ekunze. Masatellite emamiriro ekunze anoshandisa mafungu emagetsi kuunganidza data nezvemhepo, makungwa, uye pamusoro penyika. Matekinoroji akadai sekuona kure anoshandisa mawavelength akasiyana-siyana (infrared, ultraviolet, uye microwave) kuronga shanduko dzenharaunda uye kutarisa mabasa evanhu anokanganisa ecosystem.
Radar yemamiriro ekunze, iyo inoshandisa ma microwave, inogona kuona kunaya kwemvura, mhepo, uye madutu, ichibatsira mukufanotaura mamiriro ekunze uye kupa yambiro yekutanga yenjodzi dzechisikigo. Iyi tekinoroji yakakosha mukuderedza njodzi uye kugadzira nzira dzekugadzirisa mamiriro ekunze.
Pamusoro pezvo, tekinoroji yeLidar (Light Detection and Ranging) inoshandisa chiedza chelaser kuyera daro uye kuunganidza data renzvimbo. Izvi zvinobatsira muzvidzidzo zve geology, mepu yemasango, uye kutarisa kukurwa kwevhu.
Penutup
Kushandiswa kwemafungu emagetsi kwakachinja zvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana zvehupenyu hwevanhu, kubva pakutaurirana kusvika kumishonga, maindasitiri, tekinoroji yeruzivo, uye nharaunda. Nekuenderera mberi kwekuvandudzwa kwekutsvagisa nekuvandudza tekinoroji, mashandisirwo emafungu emagetsi achawedzera uye achapa mabhenefiti makuru kune nzanga. Matekinoroji emangwana akadai se5G neInternet of Things (IoT) anotarisirwa kuvimba zvakanyanya nemafungu emagetsi kuti abatanidze zvishandiso nemasisitimu nenzira dzinoshanda uye dzinochinja. Kugona kwakazara kwemafungu emagetsi hakusati kwanyatsoongororwa, uye ramangwana rinovimbisa mamwe matanho makuru muzvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana zvichashandura mararamiro edu nekushanda kwedu.
