Ruzivo Rwekutanga NezveKampasi Yegungwa
Pendauluan
Nhoroondo yekufamba kwevanhu izere nezvishandiso zvakabatsira vaongorori kuwana nzira yavo yekuyambuka gungwa guru. Chimwe chezvishandiso zvakakosha zvekufamba ikambasi yegungwa. Muchinyorwa chino, tichakurukura kuti kambasi yegungwa chii, mashandiro ayo, mhando dzayo, uye zvakakosha pakutarisira nekushandisa kwayo.
Chii chinonzi Nautical Compass?
Kambasi yegungwa chishandiso chekufamba chinoshandiswa kuona kwakananga uchishandisa simba remagineti rePasi. Kusiyana nekambasi yakajairika, inowanzoshandiswa panyika, kambasi yegungwa yakagadzirirwa kufamba mugungwa. Inogona kutsungirira mamiriro ekunze akaoma uye kudengenyeka kunogara kuripo kwechikepe.
Kazhinji, kambasi yegungwa ine magineti inoiswa pakati payo kuitira kuti ikwanise kutenderera kuratidza kuchamhembe nekumaodzanyemba, pamwe chete nezvimwe zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana kuti iwedzere kururama uye kugadzikana mumamiriro egungwa.
Nhoroondo pfupi
Kambasi iyi yakatanga kugadzirwa muChina muzana remakore rechipiri BC uye pakutanga yaishandiswa sechishandiso chekushopera. Muzana remakore rechi12, yakatanga kushandiswa nevafambisi vengarava vechiArabhu ndokuzopararira kuEurope kuburikidza nenzira dzekutengeserana. Nekufamba kwenguva, tekinoroji yekambasi yakashanduka, vafambisi vengarava vekuEurope vachiita shanduko huru munguva yeGreat Age of Exploration.
Nheyo yeKushanda kweKambasi yeNautical
Nheyo huru iri shure kwekambasi yegungwa ndeyekushandisa simba remagineti rePasi kuti rione kuti rakananga kupi. Simba remagineti rePasi rine matanda maviri: danda rekuchamhembe nedanda rekuchamhembe. Tsono yemagineti iri mukambasi inogara ichinongedzera kudanda rekuchamhembe remagineti rePasi.
Uyezve, kambasi yegungwa ine denderedzwa rekambasi, rine chikero che360-degree chekuyera divi mumadhigirii. Nekuverenga madhigirii pachikero ichi, mufambisi wengarava anogona kutungamira ngarava nemazvo.
Meridian yemagineti
Magineti meridians imitsara yekufungidzira inotangira pamucheto wekumusoro wemagnetic kuenda pamucheto wekuchamhembe wemagnetic. Pakushandisa kambasi, kuvapo kwemagineti meridians kunobatsira vafambi kuti vagadzirise divi ravo nesimba remagineti rePasi.
Kuderera kweMagineti
Kuderera kwesimba remagineti ndiko musiyano uripo pakati pekuchamhembe chaiko negwara rinoratidzwa nekambasi (magnetic north). Kuderera uku kunosiyana zvichienderana nenzvimbo uye kunogona kuchinja nekufamba kwenguva. Saka, zvakakosha kuti vafambi vemagineti varambe vachiwana ruzivo rwekuderera kwesimba remagineti.
Mhando dzeMakambasi eNautical
Kune mhando dzakasiyana dzemakampasi egungwa anoshandiswa zvakanyanya munyika yekutakura zvinhu:
1. Kambasi yemagineti
Kambasi yemagineti imhando yekambasi yechinyakare inoshandisa tsono yemagineti kuratidza kuchamhembe. Rudzi urwu ndirwo rwakanyanya kuwanda uye runowanikwa pamidziyo midiki kusvika yepakati.
2. Gyro Compass
Makompasi anoshandisa nzira yekutenderera kuti aone kwaanoenda. Zvinofadza kuti makompasi aya haakanganisike nesimba remagineti rePasi, zvichipa kuyerwa kwakasimba munzvimbo dzakati. Makompasi anowanzo kudhura uye anowanzo shandiswa pangarava hombe nengarava dzekutengeserana.
3. Kambasi yemagetsi
Makambasi emagetsi anoshandisa masensa emazuva ano kuona simba remagineti rePasi. Rudzi urwu runowanzo batanidzwa nemasisitimu emazuva ano ekufambisa akadai seGPS. Iyi tekinoroji inobvumira ruzivo rwekutungamira nekukurumidza uye rwakarurama.
Zvikamu zveKampasi yeNautical
Kambasi yegungwa inowanzova nezvikamu zvikuru zvakati wandei:
– Kambasi: Chigadziko chekambasi, chinowanzogadzirwa nezvinhu zvisingakanganiswi nengura zvakaita sendarira kana purasitiki.
– Disiki reCompass: Disiki rinoratidza divi riri pachikero che360 degrees.
– Tsono yeMagineti: Tsono inoratidza divi rekuchamhembe rine magineti.
– Hole rekuona: Chishandiso chekuyera chiri pamusoro pedhisiki rekambasi chekutarisa nekuverenga mirairo.
Mashandisirwo Ekambasi Yegungwa
Kushandisa kambasi yegungwa kunoda matanho anoverengeka akakosha:
1. Kugadzirisa: Usati watanga rwendo rwako, iva nechokwadi chekuti kambasi yakagadziriswa zvakanaka kuti zvikanganiso zvekuverenga zvisanyanya kukosha.
2. Kuziva Kuderera Kwesimba: Ziva kuderera kwesimba remagineti panzvimbo yako uye gadzirisa kambasi neruzivo urwu.
3. Kusarudza Nzira: Sarudza nzira yekuenda zvichibva pamepu yegungwa uye tungamira ngarava yako zvichienderana nekuverenga kwekambasi.
4. Kutarisa Nguva Nenguva: Munguva yerwendo, tarisa kambasi nguva nenguva kuti uve nechokwadi chekuti ngarava inoramba iri munzira chaiyo.
Kugadziriswa kweKambasi yeNautical
Kuti kambasi yegungwa irambe ichishanda zvakanaka uye nemazvo, panofanira kugadziriswa zvimwe zvinhu zvinotevera:
– Chengeta kure nemamwe magineti: Dzivisa kuchengeta kambasi pedyo nezvinhu zvine mafeni makuru emagineti anogona kukanganisa tsono yemagineti.
– Chenesa Nguva Dzose: Chenesa kambasi kubva kuguruva netsvina zvinogona kukanganisa kuverenga.
– Tarisa Mvura Inozadza: Mamwe makampasi anozadzwa nemvura kuderedza kudedera. Chengeta mvura iyi yakafukidzwa.
– Kugadzirisa Zvinhu Nguva Dzose: Ita maitiro ekugadzirisa zvinhu nguva dzose, kunyanya mushure mekushandisa kambasi mumunda une simba remagineti kana mushure mekunge ngarava yanzwa kudedera kwakanyanya.
Mhedziso
Kambasi yegungwa ndeimwe yemidziyo inokosha yekufambisa mugungwa munhoroondo yekufamba mugungwa. Nekunzwisisa mashandiro ayo, mhando dzakasiyana dziripo, uye mashandisirwo ayo nekutarisira, tinogona kunzwisisa zviri nani kukosha kwemudziyo uyu mukuchengetedza vafambisi vechikepe vari munzira, kubva kare kusvika pari zvino.
Kukosha kusingarambiki kwekambasi yegungwa, uye kugona kwayo kubatsira vanhu kukunda makungwa, zvinoratidza kushamisa kuri nyore kwenheyo huru dzefizikisi nemagnetism. Ingava mufambisi wechikepe wemazuva ano kana kuti munhu anofarira nhoroondo, kunzwisisa kambasi yegungwa kunopa ruzivo rwakakura rwekuti tingafamba sei nenyika nechivimbo uye ushingi.
