Tsanangudzo uye Basa reSextant muKufamba
Kufamba mugungwa kwave kuri chikamu chakakosha chebudiriro yevanhu kwezviuru zvemakore. Kubva kare kusvika munguva yemazuva ano, kuongorora gungwa kwakagonesa vanhu kuongorora nyika, kutengeserana, uye kutanga hukama pakati pemakondinendi. Chimwe chishandiso chave nebasa guru mukufamba mugungwa i sextant. Munyaya ino, tichakurukura kuti sextant chii, mashandiro ayo, uye basa rayo guru mukufamba mugungwa.
Kunzwisisa Sextant
Sextant chishandiso chinoshandiswa kuyera kona iri pakati pezvinhu zviviri, kazhinji pakati pechinhu chekudenga chakadai sezuva, mwedzi, nyeredzi, kana puraneti nehorizon. Zita rekuti "sextant" rinobva pashoko rechiLatini rekuti "sextans," zvichireva "chikamu chimwe chete pazvikamu zvitanhatu," nekuti arc yechinhu ichi inowanzo fukidza madhigirii makumi matanhatu, kana chikamu chimwe chete pazvikamu zvitanhatu zvedenderedzwa. Sextant ishanduko yequadrant yekare neastrolabe, izvo zvaishandiswawo kuyera makona ari mudenga.
Sextant yakatanga kugadzirwa muzana remakore rechi18 uye kubvira ipapo yave chishandiso chakakosha mukufamba mugungwa. Kugadzirwa kwesextant kunowanzo nzi kwakaitwa nevarume vaviri, John Hadley wekuEngland naThomas Godfrey wekuUnited States, avo vakazvigadzira vega munenge muna 1731.
Mashandiro anoita munhu anotengesa sextant
Nheyo huru ye sextant ndeyekupenya kwechiedza. Chishandiso ichi chine magirazi maviri: girazi repamusoro-soro negirazi repamusoro-soro. Girazi repamusoro-soro rinoramba rakafanana negirazi repamusoro-soro, nepo girazi repamusoro-soro richigona kufambiswa kuti rienderane nechinhu chekudenga chakaonekwa.
Matanho ekutanga ekushandisa sextant ndeaya anotevera:
1. Kugadzirisa Kwekutanga: Iva nechokwadi chekuti sextant yakagadzikwa zvakanaka. Mugadziri anofanira kutarisa magirazi uye kuona kuti akaenzana.
2. Kuona Zvinhu: Kuburikidza neteresikopu iri pa sextant, mufambi anoona denga riri pasi uye zvinhu zvekudenga zviri pamusoro.
3. Kufambisa Girazi reIndex: Girazi reIndex rinofambiswa nenzira yekuti mufananidzo wechinhu chedenga uenzane nepadenga.
4. Kuverenga Angle: Mushure mekunge chinhu chekudenga nehorizon zvarongeka kuburikidza neteresikopu, kona iri pakati pemitsara miviri yekuona inoverengwa pachikero chiri pabow re sextant.
5. Kugadzirisa Zvikanganiso: Kune zvikanganiso zvakasiyana-siyana zvinogona kukanganisa kuverenga kwemakona, zvakaita sezvikanganiso zve index, zvikanganiso zvakajairika, uye zvikanganiso zve refraction, izvo zvinoda kufungwa nezvazvo uye kugadziriswa.
Nekuyera kona iyi panguva yakatarwa, mufambisi wechikepe anogona kushandisa matafura ekuongorora nyeredzi kuti aone mutsetse wenzvimbo yengarava.
Basa reSextant mukufamba
Sextant inoshandiswa kupa ruzivo nezvenzvimbo yengarava mugungwa, uko zviratidzo zvenyika zvingave zvisipo kana zvisingaonekwe. Sextant ine mabasa makuru akati wandei mukufambisa:
1. Kuziva Latitude
Nekuyera kona iri pakati pezuva pakukwira kwaro (nzvimbo yakakwirira mudenga) nepamuganhu vachishandisa sextant, vafambisi vechikepe vanogona kuona latitude yengarava. Kana zuva rava panzvimbo yaro yepamusoro, kona iyi inozivikanwa se zenith angle. Kona inoonekwa inoenzaniswa nematafura enyeredzi kuti ione latitude.
2. Sarudza Longitude (Longitude)
Kuziva longitude kwakaoma kupfuura latitude, sezvo kuchida kuyerwa kwenguva kwakarurama. Nekushandisa sextant kuyera kona iri pakati pechinhu chekudenga chakati nehorizon panguva yakatarwa, uye vachishandisa nguva (yakadai seNautical Almanac), vafambi vanogona kuona longitude yechikepe. Munguva isati yasvika machronometers akarurama, kuziva longitude kwaive dambudziko guru rekufamba nechikepe.
3. Ziva Zvinhu Zvekudenga
Sextants dzinobatsirawo kuziva nyeredzi, mapuraneti, nezvimwe zvinhu zvemudenga zvinogona kushandiswa senzira dzekufamba nadzo. Nekuziva nzvimbo dzezvinhu zvemudenga chero nguva, vafambi vanogona kugadzira mepu dzemudenga uye kuronga nzvimbo dzezvikepe mugungwa.
4. Kudzivirira Njodzi Dzekufamba Netsoka
Nekuziva nzvimbo chaiyo yengarava, vafambi vanogona kutora matanho ekudzivirira njodzi dzakadai sematombo emugungwa, dzimwe ngarava, uye mvura isina kudzika. Sextant inobatsira kuronga mafambiro akachengeteka uye anoshanda.
5. Kudzidziswa neKudzidzisa
Nhasi uno, sextants dzinowanzo shandiswa mukudzidziswa kwekufamba netsoka uye kudzidziswa. Kunyangwe tekinoroji yemazuva ano yakaita seGPS yakatsiva zvakanyanya sextants mumabasa ezuva nezuva, kunzwisisa mashandiro anoita sextants kuchiri chikamu chakakosha chedzidzo yemufambisi wengarava nemufambisi wengarava. Inoshanda senzira yekuchengetedza kana tekinoroji yemazuva ano ikakundikana.
Zvakanakira uye Zvakaipira zveSextants
Kelebihan
1. Zvisingaenderane neTekinoroji Yemazuva Ano: MaSextant haadi mabhatiri, masateraiti, kana masaini eredhiyo kuti ashande, zvichiita kuti ave akavimbika mumamiriro ezvinhu enjodzi.
2. Kururama Kwakanyanya: Nehunyanzvi neruzivo rwakakodzera, sextant inogona kupa mhedzisiro chaiyo pakuona nzvimbo mugungwa rakazaruka.
3. Kugara kwenguva refu: Yakagadzirwa nezvinhu zvemhando yepamusoro, sextant iyi inogara kwenguva refu uye inogona kutsungirira mamiriro ekunze akaomarara.
Kushaya
1. Kuoma kweMashandisirwo: Zvinoda hunyanzvi hwakakosha uye kudzidziswa kuti ushandise nemazvo.
2. Kuvimba Nemamiriro Ekunze: Mamiriro ekunze asina kunaka akadai semakore akakora kana mhute anogona kukanganisa kucherechedzwa kwezvinhu zvemudenga.
3. Miganhu Yenguva: Kuyera kunowanzo fanirwa kutorwa panguva dzakatarwa, dzakadai sezuva parinenge rava pamugumo waro, izvo zvinogona kuderedza kushandiswa kwazvo.
Mhedziso
Sextant chishandiso chekufambisa chisingaperi uye chakakosha chakabatsira vafambisi vengarava kwemazana emakore. Kunyangwe tekinoroji yemazuva ano yave ichipa maturusi ekufambisa ari nyore uye nekukurumidza, ruzivo rwekushandiswa kwesextant ruchiri rwakakosha zvikuru, kunyanya senzira yekutsiva mumamiriro ezvinhu enjodzi. Ingave mukufambisa kwebhizinesi, kwemauto, kana kwekuzorora, sextant inoramba iri chiratidzo chehunyanzvi nekutsungirira munyika yekufambisa ngarava mugungwa.
