Mashandisiro Ekushandisa Mabhuku Egungwa Mukufamba
Munyika yekufambisa nengarava, kufamba nengarava hakusi kungoverenga mepu uye kutarisa kambasi. Mufambi wengarava anoda ruzivo rwakakwana, rwazvino, uye rwakavimbika kuti ave nechokwadi chekuti kufamba nengarava kwakachengeteka uye kwakanaka. Apa ndipo panopinda mabhuku ekufambisa nengarava. Mabhuku ekufambisa nengarava muunganidzwa wezvinyorwa zvepamutemo uye mareferensi ekufambisa nengarava ane data rakakosha senge hunhu hwemvura, njodzi dzekufambisa nengarava, masisitimu ezviratidzo, mafungu emvura, mafungu emvura, uye maitiro ekutaurirana. Chinyorwa chino chinotaura mashandisirwo emabhuku ekufambisa nengarava mukufamba nengarava, kubva pakugadzirira kusvika pakushandisa.
1. Nzwisisa kuti bhuku regungwa chii uye basa raro
Bhuku rekushandisa mugungwa harirevi bhuku rimwe chete. Muchokwadi, izwi iri rinosanganisira mabhuku akasiyana-siyana anopindirana. Basa ravo nderekushandisa senzira huru yekureva zvinotevera:
- Kuronga nzira (kuronga rwendo)
- Ziva njodzi dzekufamba uye nzvimbo dzakaganhurirwa
- Sarudza nguva dzakachengeteka zvichibva pamafungu nemafungu emvura
- Ita shuwa kuti mitemo yekutumira zvinhu inotevedzwa
- Inotsigira kuchengetedzeka kwekufamba netsoka panguva yerwendo
Nemamwe mashoko, mabhuku egungwa anobatsira vafambisi vezvikepe kuita sarudzo dzinoenderana nedata, kwete kungofungidzira chete.
2. Mhando dzeMabhuku eNautical Anoshandiswa Kazhinji
Kuti vakwanise kuishandisa zvinobudirira, vafambi vanofanirwa kuziva mhando dzemabhuku egungwa anoshandiswa zvakanyanya, kusanganisira:
1. Nzira dzekufambisa nechikepe / Bhuku remutyairi wendege (Gwaro rechiteshi nemahombekombe)
Ine tsananguro dzemahombekombe, zviteshi zvegungwa, nzvimbo dzinopinda mvura, kudzika, hunhu hwegungwa, nzvimbo dzine njodzi, uye mazano ekushandisa zviteshi zvegungwa.
2. Rondedzero yeMwenje neMasaini eMhute
Ine ruzivo rwakadzama rwemwenje yese yekufambisa: ruvara, hunhu hunopenya, nzvimbo, kukwirira, uye nzvimbo.
3. Matafura eMafashamo
Inopa fungidziro yehuwandu hwemvura uye nguva yemvura inonaya pachiteshi chikuru nechechipiri.
4. Tidal Stream / Current Atlas
Inopa gwara uye kumhanya kwemafungu panguva dzakatarwa mukutenderera kwemafungu.
5. Zviziviso kuVafambisi veMarine
Gadzirisa ruzivo: shanduko kuzviratidzo, kudzika, nzvimbo dzekudzidzira zvechiuto, njodzi itsva, uye kugadziriswa kwemepu.
6. Rondedzero yeMasaini eRedhiyo / GMDSS Publication
Ine nhepfenyuro dzeredhiyo dzemumahombekombe, mafrequency, nzira dzekutaurirana uye ruzivo rwakakosha rwemugungwa.
Kunyangwe chimiro chacho chingave bhuku rakadhindwa kana shanduro yedhijitari, musimboti wekushandiswa unoramba wakafanana: data rinofanira kuwanikwa zviri nyore uye richigadziriswa nguva dzose.
3. Matanho Ekugadzirira: Iva nechokwadi chekuti bhuku rako reNautical rakagadziridzwa
Chikanganiso chinowanzoitika ndechekushandisa mabhuku ekare. Nekuti mamiriro egungwa, zviratidzo, nemitemo zvinogona kuchinja, danho rekutanga usati watanga rwendo nderekuona kuti mabhuku ese egungwa ndeekuti:
– Chinyorwa ichi ndicho chazvino kana kuti chagamuchira shanduko dzinodiwa.
- Yakagadziridzwa neZviziviso kuVafambisi veMarine
- Yakagadzirwa zvakanaka kuti iite kuti kutsvaga nekukurumidza kuitwe panguva dzenjodzi
Zvakanaka kugadzira runyorwa rwezvinyorwa zvinodiwa zvichienderana nenzira, kusanganisira nzvimbo yekubva, mvura yekufambisa, uye kwainoenda.
4. Kushandisa Mabhuku Egungwa Pakuronga Nzira (Kuronga Nzira)
Danho rekuronga nzira ndiro nguva inonyanya kukosha pakushandisa gwara rekufamba nechikepe. Maitiro acho anowanzo sanganisira matanho mana: kuongorora, kuronga, kuita, uye kutarisa. Gwara rekufamba nechikepe rinonyanya kutsigira matanho maviri ekutanga.
a) Kuongorora: Ruzivo rweNzvimbo yeKuunganidza
Panguva ino, mufambisi wechikepe anounganidza ruzivo kubva kuPilot Book, Beacon List, uye zvinyorwa zvitsva kubva kuNotices to Mariners. Ruzivo rwunotsvakwa runosanganisira:
- Njodzi dzekufamba netsoka: matombo egungwa, nzvimbo dzisina kudzika, matombo akaparadzwa, nzvimbo dzakaganhurirwa
- Mamiriro echiteshi: kudzika kwechiteshi, nzvimbo dzekumisikidza, mitemo yekudzora chiteshi cheVTS/chiteshi
- Nzira dzakachengeteka dzinokurudzirwa uye nzvimbo dzekukwira ndege dzevatyairi vendege
b) Kuronga: Kusarudza Nzira Nezvinhu Zvakakosha
Kana data raunganidzwa, mufambisi anotanga nzira yakarongwa, nzvimbo dzenzira, uye "nzvimbo dzakakosha" dzakadai se:
- Nzira yakamanikana
- Nzvimbo dzine vanhu vakawanda vanofamba nemota (TSS/kupatsanurwa kwemota)
- Nzvimbo dzine mafungu akasimba kana mafungu akanyanya
- Nzira dzechiteshi chengarava dzinoda kunyatsojeka
Pano ma "wave tables" uye ma "current atlases" zvakakosha, sezvo nzira dzakachengeteka pamvura yakawanda dzinogona kuva nengozi pamvura yakadzika.
5. Kushandisa Matafura eTide Kuona Kubviswa kweKeel Pasi peKeel
Pasi peKeel Clearance (UKC) ndipo pane daro rakachengeteka pakati pekeel yechikepe nepasi pemvura. Kuti averenge UKC, mufambisi wechikepe anoda:
- Kudzika kwemepu/dhayagiramu (data yechati)
- Kufanotaura kwemvura zhinji panguva yekuyambuka
- Kufamba kwechikepe uye zvinhu zvekuchengetedza (kumira, mafungu, kuchinja kwehuwandu hwemvura)
Matafura emvura anoshandiswa kuona huwandu hwemvura panguva dzakatarwa. Kana ngarava ichifanira kufamba mugwara risina kudzika, mufambisi wechikepe anogona kusarudza kupfuura panguva yemvura yakawanda kana kuchinja nzira.
Muenzaniso wekushandiswa: kana kudzika kwechati kuchiratidza mamita manomwe, kukwira kwechikepe kuri mamita matanhatu, uye panguva yakati mvura ikawedzera nemita imwe, saka UKC inenge iri mamita maviri (7 + 1 - 6). Zvisinei, pachine mukana wekufamba nechikepe nekukasira.
6. Kushandisa Flow Atlas kuti ishande zvakanaka uye ichengetedzeke
Mafungu emvura anogona kukurumidzisa kana kunonotsa ngarava, kunyange kuisundira panzira yayo painoswedera pedyo nechiteshi kana kupfuura nemumugwagwa wakamanikana. Nekushandisa atlas yemagetsi, vafambi vanogona:
- Sarudza nguva inobatsira zvikuru yekuyambuka
- Tarisira kuti ngarava inofamba sei uye kuti inofamba sei (kufamba kwechikepe nekuda kwemagetsi)
- Gadza kugadzirisa makosi kuti kosi irambe yakarurama
Mune dzimwe nzvimbo, mafungu emvura anogona kuchinja nekukurumidza zvichienderana nechikamu chemvura inoyerera. Saka, kuenzanisa nguva dziri muatlas yemvura inoyerera nematanho emvura inoyerera ihunyanzvi hwakakosha.
7. Kushandisa Mabhikoni eZviratidzo zveHusiku
Usiku kana kuti kana chiedza chisisaonekwe zvakanaka, mwenje yekufambisa ndiyo inonyanya kukosha. Rondedzero yemabhenji inobatsira vanofamba nechikepe:
– Iva nechokwadi chekuti mwenje unooneka uri panzvimbo yakatarwa.
– Ziva hunhu hwechiedza (semuenzaniso Fl(2) 10s: kupenya kaviri masekondi gumi ega ega)
- Ziva hupamhi hunoonekwa uye kukwirira kwerambi
Kana hunhu hwechiedza husingaenderane, zvinogona kuva chiratidzo chekuti ngarava iri munzvimbo yakasiyana neyaitarisirwa, kuti pave nekusazivikanwa kwakaitwa, kana kuti pave nekuchinja kuchangobva kuitika kunofanira kuongororwa kuburikidza neNotices to Mariners.
8. Kutevera Zviziviso kuVafambisi veMarine zveKururamisa neKuchengetedza
Zviziviso kuMariners inzvimbo yakakosha yekuvandudza ruzivo. Mashandisirwo azvo anosanganisira:
- Kugadzirisa ruzivo rwebhuku remugungwa nemepu
- Kumaka zviratidzo zvitsva kana zvakatamiswa
– Dzivisa nzvimbo dzekudzidzira zvechiuto, kudhonza matombo, kana kuisa tambo dzemugungwa.
Mufambi wechikepe ane hungwaru achaongorora zvinhu izvi nguva nenguva uye achazvichengeta kuti zvive nyore kuwana.
9. Maitiro Akanakisisa Mukushandiswa Kwemabhuku Egungwa
Kuti mabhuku egungwa ashandiswe zvechokwadi kutsigira kuchengetedzeka, maitiro akanaka anotevera anokurudzirwa:
- Gadzirai system yekuisa index kana bookmark kuti muwane ruzivo rwakakosha.
- Cherechedza shanduko dzakakosha kuZviziviso zveVafambisi veMarine papeji rakakodzera
– Chengeta mabhuku ari mumamiriro akanaka uye adzivirire kubva mumvura.
- Dzidzisai vashandi vekuchengetedza nguva kuti vazive nzvimbo yeruzivo rwakakosha
- Gara uchisimbisa ruzivo kubva kunzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana (semuenzaniso bhuku rekuongorora + mepu + NTM)
10. Mhedziso
Bhuku rekushandisa ngarava mugungwa i "raibhurari yekuchengetedza ngarava." Kurishandisa hakusi kungori tsika chete, asi chikamu chikuru chekufamba netsoka kwehunyanzvi: kubva pakuronga nzira, kuverenga mafungu emvura, kuverenga mafungu emvura, kuona mabhekoni, kusvika pakuvandudza ruzivo rwenjodzi. Nekunzwisisa mhando dzakasiyana dzemabhuku ekushandisa ngarava mugungwa uye mashandisirwo azvo zvakarongeka, vafambisi vengarava vanogona kuderedza njodzi yekudzika pasi, kurovera, uye kutyorwa kwenzvimbo dzakaganhurirwa. Pakupedzisira, kushandiswa kwakakodzera kwemabhuku ekushandisa ngarava kunobatsira ngarava kufamba zvakachengeteka, zvinobudirira, uye zvichienderana nemitemo yekuchengetedza ngarava mugungwa.
Kana muchida, ndinogona kugadzirisa chinyorwa ichi kuita shanduro yehunyanzvi (semuenzaniso yakazara nemafomula eUKC, mienzaniso yekuverenga kwemvura, uye mafomati ehurongwa hwekufamba) kana shanduro iri nyore yevadzidzi vezvikepe/zvikoro zvemabasa emaoko.
