Mazano eKutsiva uye Kusarudza Cheni Yenguva Yakakodzera
Cheni yenguva chinhu chakakosha painjini yemotokari. Basa rayo nderekuchengetedza kuenderana pakati pekutenderera kwecrankshaft necamshaft, zvichiita kuti mavharuvhu avhurike uye avharwe panguva chaiyo. Kana kuenderana uku kukasashanda, mashandiro einjini anoderera, kushandiswa kwemafuta kunowedzera kuipa, uye kukuvara kukuru kunogona kuitika, senge mapiston anoroverana nemavharuvhu mune mamwe mainjini. Saka, kunzwisisa nguva yekutsiva cheni yenguva uye masarudzo akakodzera kwakakosha kune varidzi vemotokari.
Heano mazano akazara ekutsiva nekusarudza cheni yenguva yakakodzera, kuitira kuti injini irambe iine hutano uye igare kwenguva refu.
1. Ziva Musiyano Pakati Penguva Yekuronga Nguva Nenguva Yekuronga Nguva
Tisati takurukura nezvekutsiva, zvakakosha kunzwisisa kuti kune masisitimu maviri akajairika ekutyaira nguva: mabhandi enguva uye cheni dzenguva. Mabhandi enguva anogadzirwa nerabha ane fiber dzakasimbiswa uye kazhinji ane nguva yakatarwa yekutsiva (semuenzaniso, 60.000–100.000 km). Cheni dzenguva, kune rumwe rutivi, dzinogadzirwa nesimbi, dzinoshanda mukati meinjini dzichizorwa mafuta, uye dzinowanzoonekwa se "dzinogara kwenguva refu."
Zvisinei, nguva dzekufamba kwemota hadzina matambudziko. Maketani anogona kutambanudza, ma tensioner anogona kupera simba, ma guides anogona kupera, kana kuti ma sprockets anogona kupera. Saka, kunyangwe nguva dzacho dzisingataurwi zvakajeka, pachine nguva apo kutsiva kunodiwa.
2. Zviratidzo zvekuti Nguva Yava Kutanga Kuva Nematambudziko
Kana uchitsiva cheni yenguva, usamirira kusvika yatyoka. Ziva zviratidzo zvepakutanga:
1. Ruzha rune ruzha runobva munzvimbo yeinjini
Ruzha rwekuti “kletek-kletek”, “ruzha rwekukwenya”, kana kuti ruzha rwekukwenya kunyanya panguva yekutonhora runowanzo ratidza kuti pane tensioner isina simba kana cheni yakasununguka.
2. Tarisa kuti rambi reinjini rabatidzwa
Sensor ye camshaft/crankshaft inogona kuona nguva iri kutanga kusaenderana, zvichiita kuti mamwe makodhi ekukanganisa aonekwe.
3. Injini inonzwa kurema kana kusagadzikana
Kusashanda zvakanaka, kumhanya zvishoma nezvishoma, uye kushandiswa kwemafuta kwakawanda zvinogona kuva mhedzisiro yekuchinja kwenguva.
4. Zvakaoma kutanga kana injini iri kukamhina
Kana nguva yacho iri kure zvakanyanya, maitiro ekupisa haazove akakodzera.
Kana ukaona chimwe kana kupfuura chezviratidzo zvataurwa pamusoro apa, unofanira kuzviongorora nemakanika anonzwisisa hurongwa hwenguva.
3. Tarisa Nhoroondo Yebasa uye Hunhu Hwemafuta
Kuchinja kwecheni dzenguva kunonyanya kutsamira pakuzora mafuta. Kuchinja mafuta nguva nenguva, mafuta asina kunaka, kana mafuta asingasvike pane zvinodiwa zvinogona kukurumidzisa kupera kwecheni, tensioner, uye maguides.
Mazano akakosha:
– Tevedzera nguva dzekuchinja mafuta sezvakakurudzirwa nemugadziri.
– Shandisa viscosity chaiyo uye matauriro emafuta (semuenzaniso API/ACEA/ILSAC zvichienderana neinjini).
– Iva nechokwadi chekuti sefa yemafuta inochinjwawo nguva nenguva kuti mafuta afambe zvakanaka.
Zviitiko zvakawanda zvematambudziko enguva yekushanda kwemagetsi zvinoitika nekukurumidza kwete nekuti cheni yacho "yakaipa", asi nekuda kwekusagadziriswa zvakanaka kwemafuta.
4. Nguva Inofanira Kutsiviwa Rini?
Hadzisi mota dzese dzine purogiramu chaiyo yekutsiva nguva. Zvisinei, heano mamwe matipi akajairika:
– Kana zviratidzo zvakaita seruzha rwecheni, zvikanganiso zvenguva, kana kusashanda zvakanaka zvichionekwa.
- Pamakiromita akareba, semuenzaniso pamusoro pemakiromita 150.000–250.000, zvichienderana nerudzi rwemotokari, rudzi rweinjini, uye nhoroondo yekugadzirisa.
– Pakugadzirisa kana kuputsa michina mikuru, kudzivirira mari yevashandi yakapetwa kaviri.
– Kana tensioner/guide yakapfekwa, kazhinji zvakachengeteka kutsiva seti yese.
Cherechedza: Kutsiva cheni chete pasina zvimwe zvinhu zvinotsigira kunogona kukonzera kuti dambudziko ridzokorore zvakare nekuti zvimwe zvikamu zvinenge zvasakara.
5. Sarudza Cheni Yenguva Inoenderana Nezvinodiwa Neinjini
Kusarudza cheni yenguva hakufanirwe kungoenderana nechimiro chayo chete. Funga nezvezvinotevera:
1. Kodhi yechikamu uye kuenderana
Iva nechokwadi chekuti nhamba yechikamu inoenderana nerudzi rweinjini (kwete modhi yemota chete). Modhi yemota imwe chete inogona dzimwe nguva kuva nemarudzi akasiyana-siyana einjini.
2. Nhamba yezvinongedzo uye rudzi rwecheni
Macheni enguva ane huwandu hwakatarwa hwezvinobatanidza uye mhando dzemagadzirirwo, zvakaita semutsara mumwe chete, mutsara miviri, kana cheni isina ruzha. Rudzi rwusiri irworwo runogona kukonzera kuiswa kusina kururama.
3. Zvishandiso uye mhando yekugadzira
Macheni emhando yepamusoro ane simba rakakodzera uye anogadziriswa zvakanaka pakupisa saka haaparare zvakanyanya.
4. Kurudziro yemugadziri (OEM)
Kana zvichibvira, sarudza zvigadzirwa zveOEM kana zveOEM. Zvigadzirwa zvakachipa zvakanyanya zvinogona kukonzera kukwegura nguva isati yakwana, ruzha, kana kutotadza kushanda zvakanaka.
6. Zviri nani kutsiva seti (Timing Chain Kit)
Kazhinji, mhinduro yakanakisisa ndeyekutsiva kiti yetiming chain, kwete chete cheni. Kiti yacho inowanzo sanganisira:
- Cheni yenguva
- Tensioner
– Gwara/njanji
– Sprocket (pamamwe mapakeji)
- Chisimbiso kana gasket (zvichienderana neseti)
Chikonzero chiri nyore: zvikamu izvi zvinoshanda sehurongwa. Kana cheni itsva ikaiswa pa sprockets dzakasakara kana tensioner isina simba, mashandiro acho haazove akanaka, uye ruzha runogona kudzoka. Kutsiva seti yese kunodhura zvikuru pakutanga, asi kazhinji kunodhura zvishoma nekufamba kwenguva.
7. Teerera kune chinotsigisa: chemuchina, chehydraulic, kana chemusanganiswa
Zvinodzora nguva zvinogona kuva zvemakanika (zvichishandisa masprings), zvehydraulic (zvichishandisa oil pressure), kana musanganiswa. Kana mota yako ichishandisa hydraulic tensioner, kumanikidzwa kwakakodzera kweoiri kwakakosha. Pakutsiva:
- Iva nechokwadi chekuti tensioner itsva inoshanda zvakanaka.
– Iva nechokwadi chekuti mutsetse wemafuta wakachena.
– Shandisa mafuta zvichienderana nezvinodiwa.
Chinotsigisa tambo chisiri kushanda zvakanaka chinogona kukonzera kuti cheni isashande zvakanaka painotanga, zvichiburitsa ruzha runonetsa uye runogona kukuvadza.
8. Mazano Munguva Yekuchinjana Cheni Yenguva
Kutsiva cheni yenguva kwakaoma kupfuura basa diki rekugadzirisa. Heano mamwe mazano ekugadzirisa zvakanaka uye zvakachengeteka:
1. Shandisa makanika ane ruzivo
Kusagadzirisa nguva zvisiri izvo kunogona kukuvadza mune mamwe mainjini. Makanika anofanira kunzwisisa zviratidzo zvenguva uye maitiro ekuvhara nzvimbo yekamera/crank kana zvichidikanwa.
2. Ita shuwa kuti nzvimbo yepamusoro (TDC) yakarurama
Kugadzirisa nzvimbo yeTDC zvakanaka ndiyo kiyi yekuwiriranisa.
3. Tarisa mamiriro e sprocket
Mazino akapinza, akatetepa, kana asina kuenzana anofanira kutsiviwa.
4. Chenesa tsvina iri mukati memuchina
Kuora kwetsvina kunogona kukanganisa mafuta e tensioner uye kukurumidzisa kupfeka kwezvinhu zvitsva.
5. Tsiva gasket/seal yakavhurwa
Chifukidziro chenguva chinowanzova negasket kana sealant. Chiisezve nemazvo kudzivirira kudonha kwemafuta.
6. Ita bvunzo mushure mekuisirwa
Kana injini yatanga kushanda, teererai ruzha rusina kujairika, tarisai kana paine kudonhedza mvura, uye tarisai kana paine makodhi ezvikanganiso kana zvichidikanwa.
9. Dzivisa Zvigadzirwa Zvenhema uye Iva nechokwadi chekuti waranti
Timing chain chinhu chinoshanda nguva dzose pa rpm yakakwira. Usazviise panjodzi nezvigadzirwa zvenhema kana zvinokatyamadza. Mazano ekudzivirira izvi:
– Tenga kubva kuchitoro chepamutemo, mugovanisi anovimbwa naye, kana kuchitoro chekugadzirisa zvinhu chine mukurumbira.
- Tarisa kurongedza, hologram, kodhi yekugadzira, uye mhando yekupedzisa.
- Sarudza kambani inopa vimbiso uye ine kwayakabva zvakajeka.
Kana mutengo wacho uri pasi zvakanyanya pamutengo wemusika, zvinofungirwa kuti hazvina musoro.
10. Mushure mekutsiva Timeing Chain: Kugadzirisa Kuti Uve nechokwadi chekuti Kushanda Kwacho Kunogara Kwenguva Refu
Mushure mekutsiva, itai mabasa ekugadzirisa anotevera:
– Chinja oiri wozosefa nguva nenguva.
– Dzivisa kunonoka kwenguva refu kwebasa.
– Dziisa injini zvakanaka, kunyanya pamainjini ane hydraulic tensioners kuti mafuta afambe zvakanaka.
– Nyatsoteerera ruzha rweinjini panguva yekutonhora; kana zviratidzo zvikadzoka, zviongorore nekukasika.
Mhedziso
Kutsiva nekusarudza cheni yetiming chaiyo hakusi kungotsvaga cheni chaiyo. Unofanira kunzwisisa zviratidzo zvekukuvadzwa, kuve nechokwadi chekuti mafuta akakodzera, kusarudza zvinhu zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa neinjini, uye zvakanaka, kutsiva seti yese (cheni, tensioner, uye gwara) kuti uve nechokwadi chekuti system inoshanda zvakanaka. Nekusarudza chigadzirwa chakakodzera uye kuchiisa nemazvo, cheni yako yetiming inogara kwenguva yakareba, injini yako ichaita zvakanaka, uye unogona kudzivirira njodzi yekukuvadzwa kukuru.
Kana muchida, ndinogona kukubatsirai kugadzirisa chinyorwa ichi kuti chienderane nerudzi rwemotokari (semuenzaniso Avanza/Xenia, Jazz, Ertiga, Pajero Sport, kana mudhudhudhu chaiwo) kusanganisira fungidziro yemitengo, runyorwa rwezvinhu zvekit, uye zviratidzo zvinowanzoitika pamodhi iyoyo.
