Nhanganyaya yeKutumira Kwemagetsi muMotokari dzemazuva ano
Kutakurwa kwemotokari otomatiki ndeimwe yetekinoroji ine simba guru mukugadzirwa kwemotokari dzemazuva ano. Kunyange hazvo vatyairi vaifanira kuchinja magiya nemaoko vachishandisa clutch pedal negear lever, mota zhinji—kubva kumotokari dzemhuri neSUV kusvika kumotokari dzemagetsi—ikozvino dzave kushandisa masisitimu ekutumira magiya anogadzirisa otomatiki magiya. Mugumisiro wacho ndewekuti kutyaira kuri nyore, kwakasununguka, uye muzviitiko zvakawanda kunoshanda zviri nani kupfuura zvizvarwa zvekare zvemagiya otomatiki.
Muchinyorwa chino, tichadzidza kuti chii chinonzi automatic transmission, mashandiro ayo, mhando dzayo, zvikamu zvikuru, zvakanakira nezvazvakaipira, pamwe nemazano ekushandisa nekugadzirisa kuti sisitimu igare kwenguva refu.
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Chii chinonzi Automatic Transmission?
Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, transmission inzira inotamisa simba kubva kuinjini kuenda kumavhiri. Injini inogadzira simba pa rpm range chaiyo, nepo mavhiri achida torque nekumhanya zvinosiyana zvichienderana nemamiriro emugwagwa. Basa re transmission nderekushandura rpm ratio yeinjini kuita torque yakakodzera—semuenzaniso, pakumhanyisa, kukwira, kana kutyaira zvakadzikama mumugwagwa mukuru.
Magiya emota otomatiki anochinja otomatiki pasina kubatanidzwa kwakananga kwemutyairi. Mutyairi anongosarudza nzira yekutyaira yakaita seP (Park), R (Reverse), N (Neutral), kana D (Drive). Dzimwe mota dzemazuva ano dzinopa dzimwe nzira dzakadai seS (Sport), L (Low), kana manual/semi-manual modes (semuenzaniso, Tiptronic, paddle shift).
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Mashandiro Ekutumira Maotomatiki
Kunyange zvazvo mhando yega yega ye automatic transmission iine hunhu hwakasiyana, musimboti wekutanga ndeuyu: sisitimu inoverenga mamiriro emota uye yozosarudza giya rakakodzera. Ruzivo urwu rwunowanikwa kubva kuma sensor akasiyana-siyana akadai se accelerator pedal position, mota speed, engine rpm, transmission fluid temperature, uye kunyange road gradient (pane mamwe mamodheru).
Mugetsi remagetsi rinogara richishandiswa (rakajairika), chinhu chikuru chinoshandiswa nemagetsi (torque converter). Chikamu ichi chinotsiva clutch mugetsi remagetsi. Getsi remagetsi rinoshandisa mafuta emagetsi (transmission oil) kuti riendese simba reinjini kugetsi, zvichiita kuti mota imire isina kumira zvakanaka (kusiyana negetsi remagetsi, iro rinoda kuti clutch iome kana yamira).
Zvichakadaro, mumagetsi emazuva ano akadai seDCT kana CVT, pfungwa yekuendesa simba yakasiyana, asi chinangwa chikuru chinoramba chakafanana: kupa musanganiswa wakanaka we torque nekumhanya pasina kuchinjika kwakanyanya.
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Mhando dzeMagetsi Emagetsi muMotokari dzemazuva ano
Kugadzirwa kwemotokari kwave kureva kuti ma "automatic transmissions" iye zvino anouya mumhando dzakasiyana-siyana. Heano marudzi akajairika:
1. Otomatiki Yemazuva Ano (AT ine Torque Converter)
Iyi imhando ye automatic transmission inoshandisa torque converter uye planetary gear train. Inoshandiswa zvakanyanya nekuda kwemukurumbira wayo wekupfava, kugara kwenguva refu, uye kushanduka-shanduka. Muzvizvarwa zvazvino, automatic transmissions dzakajairika dzakashanduka kubva pa 4-speed kuenda pa 6-, 8-, uye kunyange 10-speed, nechinangwa chekuvandudza mashandiro emafuta.
Zvakanakira: kuchinjika zvakanaka, kugadzikana, kugara kwenguva refu.
Zvakashata: huremu hunowanzo kurema; kushanda zvakanaka kunogona kunge kwakaderera pane mamwe masisitimu kana dhizaini yacho yakare.
2. CVT (Kutumira Kunochinja-chinja Nguva Dzose)
CVT haina "magiya" akagadzika segedhi remagetsi. Sisitimu iyi inoshandisa madhiraivha nebhandi/cheni kugadzira zviyero zvinogara zvichichinja. Nekuda kweizvozvo, rpm yeinjini inogona kuchengetedzwa zvakanaka, kunyanya panguva yekumhanyisa mota kwakajairika.
Zvakanakira: yakapfava, inoshanda pakushandisa zuva nezuva, mhinduro yakagadzikana.
Zvakashata: kunzwa kwekukurumidzisa dzimwe nguva kunogona kunzwika se "kwakarembera"; kana zvinhu zvakawanda zvichirema zvinogona kupisa zvakanyanya kana zvisina kugadzirwa zvakanaka.
3. DCT (Dual Clutch Transmission)
DCT inoshandisa maclutch maviri: rimwe remagiya akasiyana uye rimwe remagiya akaenzana. Kana rimwe giya rabatanidzwa, rinotevera rinenge "ragadzirira," zvichibvumira kuchinja nekukurumidza. Iyi tekinoroji inozivikanwa mumota dzinoshanda zvakanaka uye dzimwe mota dzemazuva ano.
Zvakanakira: kuchinja nekukurumidza, kushanda kwepamusoro, uye zvinogona kushanda zvakanaka.
Zvakaipa: kufamba kwemotokari dzakawanda kunogona kusanyanya kunaka pane mamwe mamodheru; mari yekugadzirisa inogona kunge yakakwira.
4. AMT (Kutumira Kwemaoko Kunozvishandira)
AMT itransmission inofambiswa nemaoko inodzorwa nema actuators nekombiyuta. Saka, hapana clutch pedal, asi mashandiro acho achiri akafanana netransmission inofambiswa nemaoko.
Zvakanakira: yakachipa uye iri nyore, inoshanda zvakanaka mukushandisa mafuta mune zvimwe zvinoshandiswa.
Zvakashata: magiya anogona kunonoka kana "kuvhunduka" kana tichienzanisa neAT yakajairika.
5. Kutakurwa kwemotokari pamota dzeHybrid nedzemagetsi (e-CVT/Single Speed)
Mune dzimwe mota dzakasanganiswa, "e-CVT" yakasiyana neCVT yakajairika nekuti inoshandisa musanganiswa wemota yemagetsi nesystem yegiya repasi kuti igovane simba nehungwaru. Mota dzemagetsi dzechokwadi dzinowanzo shandisa transmission ine speed imwe chete nekuti mota yemagetsi inopa torque yakakwira kubva pakumhanya kwakaderera.
Zvakanakira: mhinduro iri nyore, pakarepo, kufamba kushoma.
Zvakashata: mavara nemasisitimu zvinoenderana zvikuru nekugadzirwa kwemugadziri, hazvisi nyore nguva dzose kugadzirisa.
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Zvikamu Zvikuru uye Basa reTekinoroji yeMagetsi
Magedhi emazuva ano haasi emakanika chete, asiwo emagetsi. Zvimwe zvinhu zvakakosha zvinosanganisira:
– TCU (Transmission Control Unit): "uropi" hwetransmission hunosarudza kuti zviyero zvinoshanduka riini uye sei.
– Solenoid nemuviri wevharuvhu: zvinodzora kufamba kwemafuta kuti zvishandise mamwe ma clutches kana mabhendi (paAT).
- Ma sensor ekumhanya, ma sensor ekudziya tembiricha, uye ma sensor enzvimbo: anopa data rekufamba chaiko.
– Oiri yekufambisa: mafuta ekuzora nekutonhodza, uye muAT inoshanda semvura yehydraulic.
Kufambira mberi kwesoftware kunobvumira ma "transmissions" emazuva ano kuti "adzidze" maitiro ekutyaira, kubata magiya pakukwira, uye kudzikisa otomatiki pakubhura kuti injini ibhurekike.
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Mabhenefiti eKutumira Otomatiki
Pane zvikonzero zvakawanda nei otomatiki transmission iri sarudzo huru kune vatyairi vazhinji:
1. Zviri nyore kushandisa: zvakakodzera kune vanotanga uye zviri nyore kushandisa kana paine vanhu vakawanda vanofamba mumigwagwa.
2. Kugara kwenguva refu uye kunochinjika: mota inogona kusarudza chiyero chakakodzera pasina mutyairi achifanira kuteerera RPM.
3. Kushanda kwakavandudzwa: ma "transmissions" emazuva ano anogona kuchinja nekukurumidza uye zvinobudirira kupfuura zvizvarwa zvekare.
4. Zvinhu zvekuchengetedza uye kunyaradzwa: zvakaita sekubatsira kubva kuhill start, creep mode, uye nzira dzakasiyana dzekutyaira.
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Zvakashata uye Zvinhu Zvekuchenjerera
Pasinei nezvakanakira zvayo, otomatiki transmission inewo migumisiro yakati wandei:
- Mari yebasa inogona kukwira kupfuura ma transmissions emaoko, kunyanya kuma DCTs kana mayuniti akaomarara.
– Inonzwa mafuta uye tembiricha: marongero asiri iwo emafuta kana kuchinja mafuta kunonoka zvinogona kukonzera kutsvedza, kupisa zvakanyanya, kana kusunda zvakanyanya.
– Kugadzirisa kwakaoma: nekuti zvinhu zvakawanda zvemagetsi uye zvehydraulic zvinofanirwa kuongororwa nemidziyo yakakosha.
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Mazano Ekushandisa Nekutarisira
Kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti otomatiki transmission inogara kwenguva refu uye inoshanda zvakanaka, zvakakosha kushandisa maitiro anotevera:
1. Shandisa mafuta ekufambisa zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa nemugadziri. Usasarudza chero mafuta chete, sezvo mafuta ekufambisa ese ane viscosity yakasiyana uye zvinodiwa zvekuwedzera.
2. Chinja oiri nefirita nenguva yakatarwa. Vamwe vagadziri vanoti "mvura yehupenyu hwese," asi mukushandiswa kwezuva nezuva (kuzara kwemotokari, kupisa, mitoro inorema), kuchinja nguva nenguva kunowanzo kuve kwakachengeteka.
3. Dzivisa kuchinja kubva paR kuenda kuD (kana kuti zvinopesana) mota ichiri yakamira. Izvi zvinoisa simba pazvikamu zve clutch/giya.
4. Kana wamira kwenguva yakareba, shandisa mabhureki. Usamise mota uchishandisa simba re "creep" chete, sezvo izvi zvinogona kuwedzera kupisa.
5. Nyatsocherechedza zviratidzo zvekutanga zvematambudziko: kushandura giya zvisina kunaka, kutsvedza, kudedera, kunhuwa kuri kutsva, kana chiratidzo chekutumira chakabatidzwa, chinofanira kuongororwa nekukasika.
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Penutup
Magedhi emota dzemazuva ano anosanganisa matekinoroji emakanika, ehydraulic, uye emagetsi akagadzirirwa kuita kuti kutyaira kuve nyore uye kwakanaka. Nekusiyana kwakaita semagedhi emota dzemazuva ano dzinongoerekana dzachinja, maCVT, maDCT, uye kunyange masisitimu akasarudzika emota dzemagetsi nedzemagetsi, vatengi vanogona kusarudza hunhu hwegedhi hunonyatsoenderana nezvavanoda—kungave vachiisa kunyaradzwa, kushanda zvakanaka, kana kushanda zvakanaka.
Kunzwisisa mashandiro anoita ma "transmission" uye mhando dzawo hakungowedzere ruzivo rwako chete asiwo kunobatsira vatyairi kushandisa nekuchengetedza mota dzavo nemazvo. Nekushandiswa nemazvo uye kugadziriswa nguva dzose, ma "transmission" ega ega anogona kuva sisitimu yakavimbika yekutsigira kufamba munguva yemazuva ano yemotokari.
