Nhanganyaya kuMasisitimu eMafuta eMotokari
Sisitimu yemafuta ndeimwe yemasisitimu makuru mumotokari, inoshanda kugadzirira nekuparadzira mafuta kuinjini kuti ishandiswe zvakanaka. Pasina sisitimu yemafuta inoshanda zvakanaka, injini ichave yakaoma kutanga, simba richaderedzwa, kushandiswa kwemafuta kuchapambadza, uye kuburitsa utsi kuchawedzera. Saka, kunzwisisa zvinhu zvepakutanga zvesisitimu yemafuta kwakakosha kwete chete kune makanika asiwo kune vashandisi vemotokari kuti vazive zviratidzo zvekukuvadzwa uye vagadzirise nemazvo.
1. Tsanangudzo uye Mashandiro eSisitimu yeMafuta
Kazhinji, sisitimu yemafuta imhando yezvinhu zvine basa rekuchengetedza, kusefa, kuyera, uye kudzvanya (mune mamwe masisitimu), wozopfapfaidza kana kugovera mafuta mukamuri rekupisa sezvinodiwa neinjini. Chinangwa chayo chikuru ndechekugadzira musanganiswa wakakodzera wemhepo-mafuta kuti upise zvinobudirira. Musanganiswa wakapfuma zvakanyanya (mafuta akawandisa) unotungamira mukushandiswa kwemafuta anoparadza uye kuburitsa hutsi hwakawanda, nepo musanganiswa usina mafuta akawanda (mafuta asina kukwana) unogona kukonzera simba shoma, kupisa zvakanyanya, uye kutokuvadza injini.
Mabasa makuru ehurongwa hwemafuta anosanganisira:
1. Chengeta mafuta mumatangi zvakachengeteka.
2. Inogovera mafuta kubva mutangi kuenda kuinjini.
3. Sefa tsvina kuti isapinde mu injector/carburetor.
4. Gadzirisa huwandu hwemafuta zvichienderana nemutoro uye kumhanya kweinjini.
5. Kupfapfaidza kana kupfapfaidza mafuta kuti zvive nyore kupisa.
6. Chengetedza kumanikidzwa kwemafuta kwakasimba (muhurongwa hwekuisa mafuta).
2. Mhando dzeMafuta muMotokari
Mumotokari dzemazuva ano, kune mhando dzakasiyana dzemafuta anowanikwa kakawanda.
a. Sisitimu yeCarburetor
Masisitimu eCarburetor anoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumotokari dzekare nedzimwe mota dzemudhudhudhu dzekare. Carburetor dzinoshandisa musimboti wekusiyana kwepressure (vacuum) kuti dzitore mafuta kubva mufloat chamber dzozosanganisa nemhepo iri muventuri. Musanganiswa unobuda unopinda mu intake manifold uye wozopinda mu combustion chamber.
Zvakanakira zvekabhureta zvinosanganisira kugadzirwa kwayo kuri nyore, mari shoma yekugadzirisa, uye nyore kugadzirisa. Zvisinei, zvakaipa zvayo zvinosanganisira kudzora musanganiswa wemafuta zvisina kunyatsojeka pane kuisa mafuta mumotokari, kunzwa kwakanyanya kwekuchinja kwetembiricha/kukwirira, uye tsika yekudya mafuta akawanda uye kuburitsa utsi hwakawanda.
b. Sisitimu yekuisa mafuta
Masisitimu ekuisa mafuta akajairika mumotokari dzemazuva ano nekuti anogona kudzora kupihwa kwemafuta nemazvo. Mafuta anomanikidzwa nepombi, obva apfapfaidzwa nemajekiseni muhuwandu hwakatarwa zvichienderana nemirairo kubva kuECU (Electronic Control Unit). Sisitimu iyi inoshandisa masensa akadai sesensa yekuisa throttle position, tembiricha yeinjini, kumanikidzwa kwemhepo inopinda, uye masensa eoxygen (pane dzimwe mota) kuti aone nguva yekuiswa mafuta.
Zvakanakira kupinza mafuta zvinosanganisira kushandisa mafuta zvakanaka, kuderedza kusvibiswa kwemhepo, injini inopindura zviri nyore, uye kukwanisa kuchinjika nemamiriro akasiyana-siyana. Zvakashata zvinosanganisira mitengo yakakwira yezvikamu, uye kuongororwa kwezvikanganiso kunoda maturusi uye kunzwisisa magetsi/magetsi.
c. Sisitimu yeKubaya Majekiseni Yakananga Pamamwe Mainjini
Dzimwe mota dzemazuva ano, kunyanya idzo dzine injini dzepeturu dzemhando yepamusoro kana dzedhiziri dzemazuva ano, dzinoshandisa sisitimu yekuisa mafuta zvakananga, uko majekiseni anopfapfaidza mafuta zvakananga mukamuri rinopisa. Nzira iyi inovandudza kushanda nesimba nekubvumira kudzora kwakawanda pakuumbwa kwemusanganiswa. Zvisinei, sisitimu iyi yakaoma, inoshanda nekumanikidzwa kwakanyanya, uye inoda hunhu hwakasimba hwemafuta uye kugadziriswa.
3. Zvikamu Zvikuru zveSisitimu yeMafuta
Kunyangwe dhizaini yemotokari imwe neimwe yakasiyana, zvikamu zvikuru zvesisitimu yemafuta zvinowanzo sanganisira:
1. Tangi remafuta
Inoshanda setangi rekuchengetera mafuta. Tangi iri rine nzvimbo yekubuditsa mafuta, uye mumotokari dzemazuva ano, rinowanzova nesystem yekufefetedza mweya yekudzora utsi hwemafuta.
2. Pombi yemafuta
Munzira yekuisa jekiseni, pombi inopa kumanikidzwa kuitira kuti mafuta asvike kumajekiseni akwanise kumanikidzwa zvakadzikama. Pombi inowanzo kuwanikwa mukati metangi (pombi iri mutangi) kuti igare ichitonhorera uye yakasimba. Mune mamwe masisitimu ecarburetor, pombi yemuchina kana pombi yevacuum inogona kushandiswawo.
3. Sefa yemafuta
Inosefa tsvina, ngura, uye zvidimbu zvidiki kuti zvisavhare majekiseni kana kukanganisa mashandiro ecarburetor. Sefa yakasviba inogona kukonzera kugwinha kweinjini, simba shoma, kana kuoma kutanga.
4. Pombi yemafuta nepaipi (mugero wemafuta)
Inotakura mafuta kubva mutangi kuenda kuinjini. Inofanira kunge yakasimba, isingatsvedzereki, uye isingadonhedzeri mvura nekuti mafuta acho anobvira zvakanyanya.
5. Chinodzora kumanikidzwa (chinodzora kumanikidzwa kwemafuta)
Zvinowanikwa mumajekiseni ejekiseni. Chinogadzirisa chinochengetedza kumanikidzwa mukati mezvinodiwa. Kumanikidzwa kwakanyanya kunoguma nemusanganiswa wakapfuma, nepo kumanikidzwa kwakaderera kunoguma nekushaikwa kwemvura yakakwana.
6. Injector kana carburetor
Injector inopfapfaidza mafuta mumhute diki, nepo carburetor ichisanganisa mafuta nemhepo nemakanika zvichibva pa vacuum.
7. Kupinza muviri nekudya zvakawanda
Muviri we throttle unodzora huwandu hwemhepo inopinda, nepo intake manifold ichigovera musanganiswa wemhepo-fuel (kana mhepo yega mune mamwe masisitimu) kune silinda yega yega.
8. ECU nemasensa (muhurongwa hwejekiseni)
ECU inoongorora data kubva kumasensa kuti ione nzira yekupinza nayo. Masensa akakosha anosanganisira TPS (Throttle Position Sensor), ECT (Engine Coolant Temperature), MAP/MAF (Mass Air Pressure/Mass Air Pressure Sensor), O2 sensor, uye sensor yekumhanya kweinjini.
4. Mashandiro Emagetsi Muchidimbu
Mumota inopinzwa peturu, mashandiro azvo ndeekuti: mafuta anochengetwa mutangi obva aiswa mufirita. Mafuta acho anobva ayerera achienda kuchiteshi chemafuta nepressure chaiyo. ECU inobva yarayira majekiseni kuti avhurike panguva yakatarwa uye kwenguva yakatarwa, zvichiita kuti mafuta apfapfaidzwe uye asanganiswe nemhepo. Musanganiswa unopinda mukamuri rekupisa moto uye unobatidzwa nespark plug. Maitiro aya anodzokororwa nekukurumidza, zvichienderana nekumhanya kweinjini.
Musystem yecarburetor, mafuta anoyerera kubva mutangi kuenda kucarburetor, anochengetwa kwenguva pfupi mukamuri rinoyangarara, uye ozokweverwa nemhepo kuburikidza neventuri kuti agadzire mhute yemafuta. Musanganiswa wacho unopinda mukamuri rinopisa kuti upiswe.
5. Matambudziko Akajairika Emagetsi
Nekufamba kwenguva, sisitimu yemafuta inogona kusangana nematambudziko. Zviratidzo zvinowanzoonekwa zvinosanganisira:
– Injini inonetsa kutanga, kunyanya kana yatonhora.
– Injini inogunun'una kana kuzununguka panguva yekumhanyisa mota.
– Simba risina simba uye kushandiswa kwemafuta kwakawedzera.
– Kunhuhwirira kwakasimba kwepeturu nekuda kwekubuda kwemvura.
– Chiratidzo cheinjini (tarisa injini) chinobatidzwa pamotokari dzinopinza injini.
Zvikonzero zvinogona kunge zviri sefa yakavharika, pombi isina simba, injector yakasviba, kumanikidzwa kusina kugadzikana, hose yakatsemuka, kana sensor isina kushanda zvakanaka.
6. Kugadzirisa Sisitimu Yemafuta Yepakutanga
Kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti sisitimu yemafuta inogara kwenguva refu uye mashandiro einjini arambe achishanda, matanho anoverengeka ekugadzirisa anogona kutorwa:
1. Shandisa mafuta zvichienderana nezvinodiwa nemugadziri, kusanganisira nhamba dzeoctane/cetane.
2. Chinja firita remafuta nenguva yakatarwa kana kuti nekukurumidza kana ukashandisa mafuta asina kunaka nguva nenguva.
3. Chengeta tangi rakachena, dzivisa tsika yekurega tangi richigara risina chinhu nekuti marara anosvetwa nyore nyore.
4. Tarisa mapombi nekubatanidza kuti aone kana paine mvura inobuda nguva nenguva.
5. Gezai injector/carburetor kana zviratidzo zvekukakama kana mafuta anorasika zvikaonekwa.
6. Shandisa workshop ine maturusi ekuongorora majekiseni emota kuti ubate nemazvo.
Penutup
Sisitimu yemafuta emotokari chinhu chakakosha chinosarudza kushanda zvakanaka kwemotokari, simba rayo, uye utsi hwayo. Kubva mutangi, pombi, sefa, kusvika kuma injectors kana carburetor, zvikamu zvese zvinoshanda pamwe chete kuona kuti mafuta asvika muinjini nehuwandu hwakakodzera uye mamiriro akakodzera. Nekunzwisisa mhando, zvikamu, mashandiro azvo, uye magadzirirwo azvo, varidzi vemotokari vanogona kuona nekukurumidza zviratidzo zvekukuvadzwa uye kuchengetedza mashandiro akanaka emotokari kwenguva refu.
