Kuziva Zvinoumba Sisitimu Yemagetsi Yemotokari
Sisitimu yemagetsi yemotokari inoita basa guru mukushanda kwemotokari nguva dzose. Kubva pakutanga injini kusvika pakushandisa zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvemagetsi, zvese zvinoenderana nekushanda kwakakodzera kwesisitimu yemagetsi. Kuti tinzwisise zviri nani sisitimu iyi, ngationgororei zvikamu zvikuru zvesisitimu yemagetsi yemotokari.
1. Bhatiri
Bhatiri remota, rinowanzonzi accumulator, ndiro simba guru rinopa magetsi kumagetsi ese emota. Bhatiri remota rinofambiswa nevanhu rine voltage ye12 volts. Basa guru rebhatiri nderekuchengetedza simba remagetsi rinogadzirwa nealternator injini painoshanda uye kupa simba remagetsi kumota yekutanga injini painotanga injini.
Chikamu ichi chinopawo simba kumasisitimu emagetsi emotokari, akadai semwenje, manzwi, uye masisitimu ekuchengetedza, kana injini yadzima. Mabhatiri emotokari emazuva ano anowanzova mabhatiri akanyorova kana akaoma, asingade kugadziriswa zvakanyanya.
2. Alternator
Alternator chikamu chinobatsira kushandura simba remagetsi kubva muinjini kuita simba remagetsi. Kana injini yemotokari ichishanda, alternator inogadzira magetsi, ayo anoshandiswa kuchaja bhatiri uye kupa simba kune akasiyana masisitimu emagetsi ari mumotokari. Rimwe basa rakakosha realternator nderekuona kuti mabhatiri anochajwa zvakanaka, zvichiita kuti mota ishande zvakanaka.
Alternator iyi ine voltage regulator inobatsira kudzora voltage output kuti ienderane nezvinodiwa nemagetsi zvemotokari. Kana alternator ne voltage regulator zvichishanda zvakanaka, bhatiri richaramba rakachajwa zvakanaka.
3. Mota yekutanga
Mota yekutanga injini chinhu chinoshandiswa nemagetsi chinotenderedza injini, zvichiita kuti itange. Kana kiyi yekupisa yatendeutswa kuenda kunzvimbo yekutanga, magetsi anobva pabhatiri anoyerera achienda kumota yekutanga, iyo inobva yatenderedza vhiri remhepo yotanga kupisa mukati meinjini. Mota yekutanga inoshanda kwenguva pfupi chete, kazhinji masekondi mashoma, kusvika injini yave kushanda yega.
Mota yekutanga isina kushanda zvakanaka inowanzo kukonzera zviratidzo zvakaita sekuti injini haitangi kunyangwe bhatiri rakazara. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, mota yekutanga isina kushanda zvakanaka inogona kungoridza ruzha rwekudzvanya kana yavhurwa isina kutenderedza injini.
4. Tambo neZvinobatanidza
Tambo nezvinongedzo zvinotumira magetsi kubva kumagetsi kuenda kuzvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvemagetsi zviri mumotokari. Network iyi yetambo inokosha pakuona kuti magetsi anowanikwa zvakanaka uye akachengeteka kumativi ese emagetsi. Tambo dzinoshandiswa mumagetsi emotokari dzinowanzo gadzirwa nemhangura yemhando yepamusoro ine insulation yakanaka kudzivirira ma short circuits.
Zvinobatanidza, kana kuti materminal, zvinoshanda senzvimbo dzekubatanidza zvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana zvemagetsi. Kubatana kwakanaka uye kwakasimba pakati pematerminal aya kwakakosha kudzivirira kurasikirwa nemagetsi kana mamwe matambudziko emagetsi.
5. Mafuyusi uye Kutumirazve
Mafusi anodzivirira sisitimu yemagetsi kubva mukukuvadzwa kunokonzerwa nemagetsi akawandisa. Kana simba remagetsi rikawedzera izvo zvinogona kukanganisa zvikamu, fusi inonyunguduka uye inodzima kufamba kwemagetsi kudzivirira kukuvara kwakawanda. Mota yega yega ine mafusi akasiyana-siyana anodzivirira masisitimu emagetsi nezvimwe zvikamu.
Maswichi kana marelay anoshanda kudzora nekubatanidza kuyerera kwemagetsi kuburikidza nemaseketi chaiwo kana zvichidikanwa. Marelay anogona kudzorwa nemagetsi madiki kuti ashandise magetsi akawanda mumidziyo inoda simba rakawanda. Izvi zvinoderedza zvakanyanya mutoro wemaswichi emaoko, ayo anogona kupera simba kana kupera simba kana achifanira kubata magetsi akakwira.
6. Sisitimu yemwenje
Sisitimu yemwenje yemotokari inosanganisira mwenje yemotokari, mwenje yemabhureki, zviratidzo zvekutendeuka, mwenje yemhute, uye mwenje yakasiyana-siyana yezviratidzo mukati mekabhini. Mwenje wega wega une basa rakakosha mukuchengetedza kutyaira uye kunyaradzwa. Semuenzaniso, mwenje yemotokari inobatsira vatyairi kuona mugwagwa husiku, ukuwo zviratidzo zvekutendeuka zvichiratidza zvinangwa zvemutyairi kune vamwe vashandisi vemugwagwa.
Pamusoro pemwenje iyi yekunze, kunewo mwenje yemukati yakaita semwenje yemagetsi, mwenje yekuverenga, uye mwenje yemumba inobatsira vashandisi vemotokari mumamiriro ekunze asina chiedza chakawanda.
7. Masisitimu eOdhiyo neVaraidzo
Masisitimu emazuva ano eaudio uye evaraidzo ane zvishandiso zvakasiyana-siyana zvakaita semaredhiyo, maCD/DVD players, touchscreens, uye kunyange masisitimu ekufambisa. Midziyo iyi yese inoda simba rakasimba kuti ishande zvakanaka. Masisitimu aya anowanzo batanidzwa muhead unit, iyo inoshanda senzvimbo yekudzora yemidziyo yese yevaraidzo yemotokari.
Pamusoro pezvo, sisitimu iyi yemazuva ano inewo zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvakaita seGPS navigation, Bluetooth connection, uye kubatanidzwa nemafoni anoita kuti zvive nyore kuti vatyairi nevatakuri vanakirwe nerwendo.
8. ECU (Chikamu Chekudzora Injini)
ECU (Engine Control Unit) ndiyo pfungwa yemagetsi emota. Inodzora mabasa akasiyana-siyana einjini, akadai sekupisa, kupinza mafuta, uye masensa. Iyi unit inogamuchira ruzivo kubva kumasensa akasiyana-siyana ari mumota uye inoigadzirisa kuti iwedzere kushanda zvakanaka kweinjini mumamiriro akasiyana-siyana ekutyaira.
ECU inoita basa rakakosha mukuchengetedza mafuta anoshandiswa zvakanaka uye kuona kuti kuburitswa kwemhepo mumotokari kuri mukati memiganhu inobvumirwa. Uyezve, ECU inogona kuchengeta makodhi ezvikanganiso anogona kuverengwa kuti aonekwe kana paine matambudziko muinjini.
9. MaSensor uye Actuators
MaSensor zvishandiso zvinoona shanduko dzemuviri kana dzemakemikari munharaunda yemotokari uye zvinotumira ruzivo irworwo kuECU. Semuenzaniso, sensor yeokisijeni inoyera huwandu hweokisijeni mugasi reutsi kuti ibatsire ECU kudzora musanganiswa wemhepo nemafuta akakodzera. Sensor yekupisa inoyera tembiricha yeinjini neinotonhodza kudzivirira kupisa zvakanyanya uye kukuvara kweinjini.
MaActuator zvishandiso zvinogamuchira mirairo kubva kuECU kuti zviite zviito zvakananga, zvakaita sekugadzirisa vharuvhu yethrottle, kuvhura majekiseni emafuta, kana kubatidza fan yekutonhodza. Kushanda zvakanaka kwemasensa neactuator ndiko kunokosha pakuona kushanda zvakanaka kweinjini.
Penutup
Kunzwisisa zvikamu zvemagetsi emota kwakakosha kuti mota yako irambe ichishanda zvakanaka. Kunyange zvazvo tekinoroji yemotokari ichiramba ichifambira mberi, nheyo dzekutanga dzemagetsi dzinoramba dzakafanana. Nekugadzirisa kwakakodzera uye kunzwisisa kwakakwana mashandiro anoita zvikamu izvi, unogona kudzivirira matambudziko angangoitika uye kunakidzwa nekutyaira kwakachengeteka uye kwakasununguka.
