Basa uye Basa reCatalytic Converter
Chinoshandura mhepo chinoshandiswa mumotokari dzemazuva ano dzinenge dzese. Basa rayo guru nderekuderedza kuburitswa kwemhepo ine njodzi nekushandura kuita zvinhu zvisingakuvadzi zvakanyanya zvisati zvaburitswa munzvimbo dzakatikomberedza. Iyi tekinoroji itsva yakakosha mukuedza kuderedza kusvibiswa kwemhepo nekuvandudza mhando yemhepo pasi rose.
Nhoroondo Pfupi yeCatalytic Converters
Nhoroondo ye catalytic converter yakatanga kuma1970 ekupedzisira apo mitemo yakaoma yekuburitsa utsi hwemotokari yakatanga kuiswa munyika dzakasiyana-siyana, kunyanya muUnited States kuburikidza neClean Air Act. Panguva iyoyo, indasitiri yemotokari yaitsvaga nzira dzekusangana nezvinodiwa zvitsva. Eugene Houdry, mainjiniya wemakemikari wekuFrance, anozivikanwa semugadziri we catalytic converter. Houdry akatanga kugadzira tekinoroji iyi kuti ishandiswe muinjini dzedhiziri uye akazoishandisa kumotokari dzepeturu.
Basa reCatalytic Converter
Kuderedza Kuburitswa Kwegasi Rine Ngozi
Basa guru re catalytic converter nderekuderedza kuburitswa kwemagasi anokuvadza akadai se carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbons (HC), uye nitrogen oxides (NOx). Heino mashandiro anoita catalytic converter kuderedza mhando yega yega yekuburitswa kwemagasi:
1. Carbon Monoxide (CO): Iri igesi rine chepfu rinogadzirwa nemafuta asina kupiswa zvakakwana. Chinhu chinoshandura carbon monoxide kuita carbon dioxide (CO2) isina njodzi kuburikidza nekuita oxidation reaction.
2. Mahydrocarbon (HC): Anogadzirwa kubva mumafuta asina kupiswa zvakakwana. Chinochinja simba chinoita kuti mahydrocarbon awedzere kuita carbon dioxide (CO2) nemvura (H2O).
3. Nitrogen Oxides (NOx): Ichi chikamu chesmog uye chinogona kukonzera matambudziko makuru ekufema. Muchina we catalytic converter unoderedza nitrogen oxides kuita nitrogen (N2) uye oxygen (O2) kuburikidza ne reduction reaction.
Kuvandudza Kushanda Zvakanaka Kwemafuta
Kushanda zvakanaka kwemafuta kunogonawo kuvandudzwa nekushandisa catalytic converter. Nekugadzirisa mashandiro ekupisa muinjini, catalytic converter inobatsira kuona kuti mafuta apiswa zvizere, zvichideredza marara esimba uye kuburitswa kwemhepo.
Mhando dzeCatalytic Converters
Chinoshandura Chinochinja-Nzira Mbiri
Chinoshandura simba remagetsi chine nzira mbiri imhando yechinoshandura simba remagetsi chakatanga kushandiswa zvakanyanya. Rudzi urwu runogona kubata magasi maviri anokuvadza: kabhoni monoxide nemahydrocarbon. Zvisinei, harushande mukuderedza nitrogen oxides.
Chinoshandura Chinochinja-Nzira Nhatu
Magadzirirwo emagetsi ane nzira nhatu (three-way catalytic converters) imhando yepamusoro-soro uye anonyanya kushandiswa mumotokari dzemazuva ano. Kuwedzera pakuoxidiza carbon monoxide nemahydrocarbons, rudzi urwu runogonawo kuderedza nitrogen oxides. Nekuderedza marudzi matatu aya emagasi anokuvadza, magadzirirwo emagetsi ane nzira nhatu (three-way catalytic converters) isarudzo inoshanda zvakanyanya yekuderedza kusvibiswa kwemhepo.
Diesel Oxidation Catalyst (DOC)
Pamainjini edhiziri, chinhu chinonyanya kushandiswa pakugadzira ma "catalytic converter" iDiesel Oxidation Catalyst (DOC). Chishandiso ichi chinoshanda nekugadzira "carbon monoxide" nema "hydrocarbons" anogadzirwa neinjini yedhiziri. Zvisinei, kuti injini dzedhiziri dzideredze nitrogen oxides, dzinoda mamwe matekinoroji akadai seSelective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) kana Diesel Particulate Filters (DPF).
Zvikamu Zvakakosha muCatalytic Converter
Monolith uye Substrate
Monolith chimiro checeramic chine maburi chinoshanda se substrate mu catalytic converter. Nzvimbo yepamusoro ye monolith inowedzerwa kuti iwedzere nzvimbo yekubatana pakati pegasi rinobuda ne catalyst.
Chinogadzirisa
Zvishandiso zveCatalyst zvinowanzo shandiswa nesimbi dzinokosha dzakadai seplatinum, palladium, uye rhodium. Simbi idzi dzinogona kukurumidzisa mashandiro emakemikari pasina kuita chimwe chinhu. Platinum nepalladium zvinowanzo shandiswa pakuita oxidation reactions, nepo rhodium ichishandiswa pakuderedza mashandiro.
Rutivi rwejasi rekuwachisa
Jasi rekuwachisa ijira rinofukidza substrate uye rinoshanda senzira yekugovera catalyst zvakaenzana. Jasi rekuwachisa rinowanzogadzirwa nealuminium oxide kana silica uye rinowedzera kushanda kwecatalytic converter.
Basa reCatalytic Converters muNzvimbo Yakatipoteredza
Kuderedza Kusvibiswa Kwemhepo
Rimwe remabasa makuru e catalytic converter nderekuderedza kusvibiswa kwemhepo. Magasi anobuda mumhepo anogadzirwa nemotokari ane zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvine njodzi zvinogona kukuvadza nharaunda nehutano hwevanhu. Nekushandura magasi aya ane njodzi kuita asingakuvadzi zvakanyanya, catalytic converters inobatsira kuderedza kukanganisa kwakaipa kwemotokari pamhando yemhepo.
Mupiro kuHutano Hweveruzhinji
Kusvibiswa kwemhepo mumaguta kunonyanya kukonzerwa nekuburitswa kwemhepo mumotokari. Zvidimbu zvinokuvadza zvakaita senitrogen oxides nemahydrocarbon zvinogona kukonzera zvirwere zvakasiyana-siyana zvekufema uye zvemwoyo. Nekuderedza kuburitswa kwezvinhu izvi, zvinhu zvinoshandura mhepo zvine simba zvinoita basa rakakosha mukuvandudza hutano hweveruzhinji.
Mhedzisiro Pakuchinja Kwemamiriro Ekunze
Kunyangwe hazvo ma catalytic converters asingaderedzi zvakananga kuburitswa kwecarbon dioxide, iyo inonyanya kusvibisa greenhouse gas, anobatsira kuvandudza mashandiro emafuta. Saka, anobatsira zvisina kunanga kuderedza kuburitswa kwecarbon dioxide, izvo zvinonyanya kukonzera shanduko yemamiriro ekunze.
Matambudziko Nematambudziko Akatarisana Nawo
Mutengo Wakakwira
Chimwe chezvinetso zvikuru pakushandisa ma catalytic converters mutengo wakakwira unoenderana nezvinhu zvinoshandiswa, kunyanya simbi dzinokosha dzakadai seplatinum, palladium, uye rhodium. Mitengo yesimbi idzi inochinja-chinja uye inogona kudhura zvakanyanya, zvichizopedzisira zvawedzera mitengo yekugadzira mota.
Kuvharika uye Kugadzirisa
MaCatalytic converters anogona kuvharwa necarbon deposits kana mafuta asina kupiswa zvakakwana. Kuvharika uku kunogona kuderedza kushanda zvakanaka kweconverter uye kukanganisa mashandiro einjini. Saka, kugadzirisa nguva dzose kwakakosha kuti mudziyo uyu ushande zvakanaka.
Kuba
Zvikamu zvesimbi zvinokosha zviri mumidziyo inochinja-chinja zvinhu zvinoita kuti zvive chinhu chinobirwa. Mishumo yakawanda yakabuda yekuti michina inochinja-chinja zvinhu inobiwa kubva mumotokari yozotengeswa pamusika mutema.
Kugadzira Zvinhu Zvitsva uye Kubudirira Kwemangwana
Nekuoma kuri kuramba kuchiita mitemo yekuburitsa utsi, kutsvagisa nekugadzira zvinhu zvitsva mumunda wezvigadziriso zvemagetsi zvinochinja utsi zviri kuramba zvichienderera mberi. Zvichangobva kuitika zvinosanganisira kushandiswa kwezvinhu zvinochinja utsi zvakachipa uye kugadzirwa kwetekinoroji inoshanda zvakanyanya. Kutsvagisa kuri kuenderera mberiwo kuderedza utsi hunobva muinjini dzedhiziri, kunyanya zvine chekuita nekushandiswa kweDPFs neSCRs.
Mhedziso
Zvishandiso zveCatalytic converters chinhu chakakosha muhurongwa hwemazuva ano hwekubudisa utsi hwemotokari. Basa razvo mukuderedza kuburitswa kwemagasi anokuvadza akadai secarbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, uye nitrogen oxides rakakosha pakuedza kwenyika dzese kuderedza kusvibiswa kwemhepo nekuvandudza mhando yemhepo. Pasinei nematambudziko akadai semitengo yakakwira uye matambudziko ekuvharira, hunyanzvi nekuvandudzwa kwetekinoroji yeCatalytic converter kuri kuenderera mberi, zvichiunza tariro yeramangwana rakachena uye rine hutano.
