Mabasa uye Mashandiro eTurbocharger
Pendauluan
Turbocharger chishandiso chinoshandiswa kakawanda mumainjini ekupisa mukati kuti zvivandudze kushanda zvakanaka uye mashandiro. Iyi tekinoroji yakashandiswa zvakanyanya mumhando dzakasiyana dzemotokari, kubva kumotokari dzinotakura vanhu kusvika kumarori makuru, pamwe nengarava nendege. Turbochargers dzinoshanda nepfungwa iri nyore asi dzinoshanda zvakanyanya mukuvandudza mashandiro einjini. Muchinyorwa chino, tichakurukura mashandiro uye mashandiro ematurbocharger zvakadzama.
Basa reTurbocharger
Wedzera Simba reInjini
Basa guru re turbocharger nderekuwedzera simba reinjini. Turbocharger inogona kugonesa injini diki kugadzira simba rakafanana nereinjini hombe. Izvi zvinoitwa nekudzvanya mhepo inopinda mukamuri rekupisa, zvichibvumira kupiswa kwemafuta akawanda uye simba guru.
Kuvandudza Kushanda Zvakanaka Kwemafuta
Nekushandisa mafuta zvinobudirira, ma turbocharger anogonawo kuvandudza mashandiro emafuta. Mhepo yakamanikidzwa inobvumira kupiswa kwakakwana, zvichideredza mafuta asina kupiswa uye kuburitswa kweutsi hunokuvadza.
Kuderedza Kubuda Kwemhepo
Maturbocharger anobatsirawo mukuderedza kuburitswa kweutsi. Sisitimu iyi inoita kuti mafuta apiswe zvakakwana, nokudaro ichideredza kuburitswa kwemagasi akadai seCO, HC, uye NOx. Mamwe maturbocharger emazuva ano ane tekinoroji ye "Variable Geometry", iyo inobatsira kugadzirisa kufamba kwemhepo zvichienderana nezvinodiwa neinjini.
Kuderedza Saizi yeMuchina
Turbocharging inobvumira vagadziri vemotokari kushandisa mainjini madiki pasina kukanganisa mashandiro avo. Injini diki dzinoreva mota dzakareruka, izvo zvinopedzisira zvaita kuti mafuta ashandiswe zvishoma uye kuti zvinhu zvishande zvakanaka.
Zvikamu zveTurbocharger
Turbini
Chikamu ichi chiri parutivi rwechinobuda utsi cheinjini. Chinobuda utsi chinotora simba kubva kumagasi anobuda utsi anoburitswa neinjini. Kuyerera kwegasi rinobuda utsi kunotenderera turbine, iyo inozotenderera compressor.
Compressor
Compressor iri padivi rekupinda uye inoshanda kuwedzera kumanikidzwa kwemhepo inopinda mukamuri rinopisa. Sezvo turbine ichitenderera, inofambisawo compressor kuburikidza ne connecting shaft.
Dzimba kana Imba
Imba yacho ndiyo inochengetedza turbine necompressor uye inotungamira mhepo negasi rinobuda mumhepo kuenda kunzvimbo chaiyo. Imba iyi inowanzo gadzirwa nezvinhu zvinogona kutsungirira kupisa kwakanyanya uye kumanikidzwa kwakanyanya.
Mabheyaringi nemaShaft
Mugodhi unobatanidza turbine necompressor. Kuti kuderedze kukweshana nekusakara, mugodhi uyu unoiswa pamabheringi, kazhinji mabhora kana mabheringi, anozorwa nemafuta einjini.
Wastegate
Chikamu ichi ivharuvhu inodzora kuyerera kwegasi rinobuda mumhepo kuburikidza neturbine. Chinangwa chayo ndechekudzora kumhanya kweturbine uye kudzivirira kuwedzera simba, kana kuwedzera simba, izvo zvinogona kukanganisa injini.
Mashandiro anoita Turbocharger
Nheyo Dzekutanga
Turbocharger inoshanda nekushandisa simba rinobva mumagasi anoburitsa utsi hweinjini, ayo anowanzo rasikwa. Simba iri rinoburitsa utsi rinoshandiswa kutenderedza turbine yakabatana necompressor kuburikidza neshaft. Compressor iyi inobva yamanikidza mweya kupinda mukamuri rinopisa.
Maitiro Akadzama
1. Gasi Rinobuda Muinjini: Kana injini ichishanda, gasi rinobuda muinjini rinobuda muinjini rinopinda muinjini rinobuda muinjini uye rinotumirwa kuturbocharger turbine.
2. Kutenderera kweTurbine: Gasi iri rinoburitsa mweya rinotenderedza mashizha eturbine, ayo akabatana zvakananga necompressor kuburikidza neshaft.
3. Kudzvanywa Kwemhepo Inopinda: Compressor, inofambiswa nekutenderera kweturbine, inodzvanya mhepo inopinda nepakati pemhepo. Mhepo iyi inozoendeswa kune intercooler.
4. Intercooler: Mamwe masisitimu e turbocharger anoshandisa intercooler kutonhodza mhepo yakamanikidzwa. Mhepo inotonhorera iyi ine simba rakawanda uye ine oxygen yakawanda.
5. Kupinda Mukamuri Rekutsva: Mhepo iyi ine kumanikidzwa inotumirwa mukamuri rekupisa injini, uko mafuta akawanda anogona kupiswa zviri nani, zvichigadzira simba rakawanda.
6. Kudzora neWastegate: Kana kumanikidzwa kwemhepo kunogadzirwa neturbocharger kukadarika muganho waidiwa, wastegate ichavhurika kuti ibudise gasi rekubuda naro zvakananga muutsi, ichipfuura turbine kuti idzore kutenderera nekumanikidzwa.
Zvakanakira uye Zvakaipira zveTurbochargers
Kelebihan
1. Kushanda Kwakawedzerwa: Kuwedzera turbocharger kunogona kuwedzera simba reinjini pasina kuwedzera simba reinjini zvakanyanya.
2. Kushanda Nesimba Kwemafuta: Nekutsva kuri nani, maturbocharger anoita kuti injini dzishandise mafuta zviri nani.
3. Kuderedza Hutsi: Sisitimu iyi inobatsirawo mukuderedza hutsi hunokuvadza.
Kushaya
1. Kunonoka: Pane nguva pakati pekuti mutyairi anomhanya pa accelerator pedal uye kuti turbocharger inotanga kuwedzera simba rekutyaira.
2. Kuomarara uye Mutengo: Masisitimu eTurbocharger akaomarara uye anodhura zvakanyanya kana tichienzanisa nemasisitimu asiri eTurbo.
3. Zvinodiwa Pakutonhodza: Maturbocharger anoshanda pakupisa kwakanyanya anoda sisitimu yekutonhodza inoshanda kudzivirira kupisa zvakanyanya.
Kugadzira Zvinhu Zvitsva muTurbocharger Technology
Kugadzira zvinhu zvitsva kuri kuramba kuchifambira mberi mu tekinoroji ye turbocharger. Chimwe chezvinhu zvakakosha ndechekutanga kushandisa Variable Geometry Turbocharger (VGT), iyo inobvumira angle ye turbine blade kuchinjwa kuti mhepo ifambe zvakanaka zvichienderana nezvinodiwa neinjini. Izvi zvinoderedza kunonoka uye zvinowedzera kushanda zvakanaka mumhando dzakasiyana dzekukurumidza kweinjini.
Pamusoro pezvo, kunewo tekinoroji yeElectric Turbocharger inoshandisa mota yemagetsi kutenderedza compressor, ichibvisa kunonoka zvachose uye ichipa simba rekuwedzera ipapo ipapo.
Penutup
Turbocharging tekinoroji inosanganisa simba rakawanda uye kushandisa mafuta zvakanaka mupakeji imwe chete. Nekunzwisisa kwakadzama kwebasa rayo uye mashandiro ayo, tinogona kuona kuti nei tekinoroji iyi ine nzvimbo yakakosha munyika yemotokari. Nekuenderera mberi nekuvandudza, ramangwana re turbocharging rinotaridzika zvakanaka, richipa mashandiro ari nani uye kuburitsa utsi hwakaderera.
