Nheyo dzeHydraulic Brake Systems muUinjiniya hweMotokari
Sisitimu yekubhuraki ndeimwe yezvinhu zvakakosha muinjiniya yemotokari nekuti inokanganisa zvakananga kuchengetedzeka kwemutyairi, vafambi, nevamwe vashandisi vemugwagwa. Pamhando dzakasiyana dzemasisitimu ekubhuraki anoshandiswa mumotokari dzemazuva ano, mabhureki ehydraulic ndiwo anonyanya kushandiswa mumotokari dzevatakuri uye mota dzakawanda dzakareruka dzekutengeserana. Mabhureki ehydraulic anoshanda nekushandisa kumanikidzwa kwemvura kuti atumire simba kubva pabhureki pedal kuenda kunzira yekubhuraki iri mumavhiri. Chinyorwa chino chinokurukura zvekutanga zvemasisitimu ekubhuraki ehydraulic, misimboti yavo yekushanda, zvikamu zvikuru, mhando, uye matambudziko akajairika ekugadzirisa nekugadzirisa matambudziko.
1. Kunzwisisa uye Nheyo dzeMabhureki eHydraulic
Mabhureki eHydraulic sisitimu yekubhureki inoshandisa mvura yebhureki kutumira kumanikidzwa. Kana mutyairi akadzvanya pedal yebhureki, simba remuchina rinobva patsoka yemutyairi rinoshandurwa kuita kumanikidzwa kwehydraulic. Kumanikidzwa uku kunozopfuudzwa kuburikidza nemapaipi emabhureki nemahosi kuenda kucaliper (pamabhureki edhisiki) kana wheel cylinder (pamabhureki edhiramu), uko brake lining inodzvanya pamusoro pekukweshana (diski kana dhiramu) uye mota inononoka kana kumira.
Nheyo huru inoshandiswa iPascal's Law, iyo inotaura kuti kumanikidzwa kunoshandiswa pamvura iri munzvimbo yakamanikana kunopfuudzwa zvakaenzana kumativi ese. Izvi zvinoreva kuti kunyangwe simba rekutanga rinoshandiswa papedal risina kukura zvakanyanya, sisitimu inogona "kuwedzera" simba rayo nekushandisa misiyano iri munzvimbo yepiston. Ichi ndicho chikonzero nei mabhureki ehydraulic achikwanisa kugadzira simba rakasimba uye rakafanana remabhureki pavhiri rega rega.
2. Zvikamu Zvikuru zveHydraulic Brake System
Kuti ishande zvakanaka, hydraulic brake system ine zvikamu zvakati wandei zvakabatana:
a. Chinovhara mabhureki
Chinotenderera chebhureki ndicho chinotanga kushandiswa nemutyairi. Kana chikadzvanywa, chinodzora chinodzora kudzvanywa, icho chinodzvinyirira piston iri mu master cylinder. Pamotokari zhinji, chinodzorawo chinobatanidzwa ne booster/vacuum servo kuderedza simba rinodiwa.
b. Chinosimudzira Mabhureki (Brake Servo)
Chinosimudzira mabhureki chinowedzera simba remapedal nekushandisa vacuum kubva mu intake manifold (painjini dzepeturu) kana pombi ye vacuum (kazhinji painjini dzedhiziri). Nechinosimudzira mabhureki, mutyairi haafanire kudzvanya pedal zvakaoma kuti agone kubhureki zvakanaka.
c. Sirinda Guru
Sirinda huru ndiyo moyo we hydraulic system. Inogara piston ne brake fluid reservoir. Kana pedal yadzikiswa, piston inodzvanya mvura, zvichiita kuti hydraulic pressure ibude. Mota dzemazuva ano dzinowanzo shandisa tandem master cylinder (masekete maviri), saka kana circuit imwe ikadonha, imwe inogona kuramba ichishanda.
d. Dziva remvura reBrake
Dura rinochengetedza mvura yemabhureki uye rinopa mukana wekuchengetedza mvura yemuchina kuti igare yakazadzwa. Kuchengetedza huwandu hwemvura mumudziyo kwakakosha, sezvo kudzikira kwehuwandu kunogona kuratidza kusakara kwepedhi yemabhureki kana kuti kubuda kwemvura mumudziyo.
e. Mapaipi eBreki nemaHoses
Mapaipi ebhureki (kazhinji simbi) nemapaipi ebhureki (rabha inochinjika) anotamisa kumanikidzwa kubva pa master cylinder kuenda kumavhiri. Mapaipi anochinjika anodiwa munzvimbo yemavhiri nekuda kwekumiswa uye kufamba kwechidhiraivho.
f. Valve yeKuenzanisa uye Kugoverwa kweDhivhiri
Dzimwe mota dzine vharuvhu inodzora kugoverwa kwedzvinyiriro pakati pemavhiri epamberi neekumashure. Izvi zvakakosha nekuti kana mota yabhurwa, huremu hwayo hunochinja huchienda kumberi, zvichireva kuti mavhiri epamberi anofanira kubhurwa nesimba guru. Vharuvhu iyi inobatsira kudzivirira mavhiri ekumashure kuti asavharwe nguva isati yakwana.
g. MaCaliper nemaSiringi eVhiri
– Caliper (dhisiki rebhureki): caliper ine piston inodzvanya mapedhi ebhureki padhisiki.
– Silinda yevhiri (bhureki redhiramu): pistoni inosunda shangu yebhureki pamadziro edhiramu.
h. Mapedhi eBreki uye Nzvimbo dzeKukweshana
Mabhureki pads (mapedhi ari pamadhisiki, ma linings ari pamadhiramu) zvinhu zvinoshandura simba remotokari kuita kupisa kuburikidza nekukweshana. Pamusoro pekukweshana ingave disc rotor kana drum.
3. Mashandiro anoita mabhureki eHydraulic mumashoko akareruka
Kutevedzana kwebasa remabhureki e hydraulic kunogona kutsanangurwa seinotevera:
1. Mutyairi anodzvanya pedal yebhureki.
2. Chinosimudzira simba chinobatsira kuwedzera simba rekudzvanya (kana chiripo).
3. Pushrod inosunda piston yecylinder huru.
4. Mvura yebhureki iri pasi pekumanikidzwa uye inogadzira kumanikidzwa kwemvura.
5. Kumanikidzwa kunoyerera nemupombi/paipi kuenda ku caliper kana wheel cylinder.
6. Pistoni iri mu caliper/wheel cylinder inofamba, ichidzvanya brake lining ichipesana ne disc/drum.
7. Kukakavadzana kunoitika izvo zvinoderedza kumhanya kwevhiri.
8. Kana pedal yaburitswa, kumanikidzwa kwechitubu nekumashure kunodzosa piston, shangu inosuduruka zvishoma kubva pamusoro pekukweshana, uye vhiri rinotenderera zvakasununguka zvakare.
4. Mhando dzeHydraulic Brake Systems muMotokari
a. Mabhureki eDisiki
Mabhureki edhisiki anowanzo shandiswa pamavhiri epamberi uye ari kuwanda pamavhiri ekumashure. Zvakanakira zvawo:
– Kutonhodza kuri nani (kunogona kuramba kudzima).
– Kubhureka kwakasimba mumamiriro emvura.
- Kugadzirisa kuri nyore.
Zvisinei, mabhureki edhisiki anogona kudhura zvakanyanya uye mamwe magadzirirwo anoda zvimwe zvikamu zvebhureki rekupaka kana zvikashandiswa pamavhiri ekumashure.
b. Bhareki reDrum
Mabhureki edhiramu achiri kushandiswa zvakanyanya pamavhiri ekumashure emotokari dzemhando yepamusoro nedzimwe mota dzekutengeserana. Zvakanakira zvadzo zvinosanganisira:
- Kuderedza mitengo yekugadzira.
- Bata zvakanaka pakushandisa mabhureki ekupaka.
– Zvikamu zvacho zvakavharwa zvakanyanya kubva muguruva/mvura (kunyange zvazvo zvichigona kutsungirira kupisa).
Dambudziko: kutonhora kusina kunaka uye kunonoka kupera simba kwemabhureki kana mabhureki acho achirema kwenguva refu.
c. Sisitimu yeDual Circuit
Mumasystem emazuva ano, kune ma hydraulic circuits maviri akasiyana. Magadzirirwo awo anogona kuva:
- Kumberi-kumashure, kana
– Muchinjiko (wakatwasuka) wekuti pave nekugadzikana kana imwe yenzvimbo dzacho ikakundikana.
Chinangwa chikuru chedual circuit ndechekuchengetedza: kana paine kubuda kwemvura mumutsetse mumwe, mumwe mutsetse unogona kumisa mota kunyangwe simba remabhureki rakaderera.
5. Basa reBrake Fluid
Brake fluid inofanira kunge iine hunhu hwayo:
– Inofashaira zvakanyanya kuitira kuti isatsvedze nyore nyore kana ichipisa.
- Hazvisi nyore kudzvanywa kuitira kuti pedal irambe yakasimba.
- Ine mafuta anozora uye anodzivirira ngura kune zvikamu zvemukati.
Mazhinji emvura inoyerera nemabhureki anonwisa mvura kubva mumhepo. Nekuda kweizvozvo, huwandu hwemvura hunowedzera nekufamba kwenguva uye hunoderedza kufashaira, zvichiwedzera njodzi yekuvharika kwemhepo (vapor bubbles) izvo zvinokonzera kunzwa kwepedal uye kurasikirwa nesimba rebhureki. Saka, mvura inoyerera nemabhureki inofanira kuchinjwa nguva nenguva zvichienderana nekurudziro yemugadziri.
6. Matambudziko Anowanzoitwa Nemabhureki EHydraulic
Heano mamwe ematambudziko anowanzoitika uye zviratidzo zvawo:
1. Kubuda kwemvura yebhureki
Zviratidzo: kudonha kwehuwandu hwemuchina wekuchengetedza mvura, pedal yebhureki inonzwa yakapfava, pane zvisaririra zvemvura pamavhiri kana pasi pemotokari.
2. Mhepo inopinda muhurongwa (mhepo)
Zviratidzo: Chinotenderera chinonzwa sechinopfapfaidza uye chinoda kupomba kuti chive nechokwadi chekuti chinobhurika zvakanaka. Mhinduro: kubuda ropa.
3. Kupera simba kwebhureki (kushanda kwebhureki kunoderera kana kuchipisa)
Zviratidzo: Mabhureki anorasikirwa nekubata mushure mekutyaira mabhureki kakawanda/kudzika mugwagwa kwenguva refu. Zvinokonzera: kupisa zvakanyanya, mvura yebhureki inofashaira, mabhureki anodziya zvakanyanya.
4. Sirinda huru yakasakara kana chisimbiso chakakuvara
Zviratidzo: pedal inodonha zvishoma nezvishoma kana yadzvanywa, kunyangwe pasina kubuda kwekunze.
5. Caliper yanamira kana kuti silinda yevhiri iri kudonhedza mvura.
Zviratidzo: mota inodhonzwa parutivi kana mabhureki apera, mapedhi emabhureki anopera nekukurumidza, mavhiri anopisa, kana mabhureki achidhonzwa.
7. Kugadziriswa Kwekutanga kweHydraulic Brake System
Muinjiniya yemotokari, kugadziriswa kwemabhureki ehydraulic kunofanirwa kuitwa nguva nenguva uye zvakarongeka:
– Tarisa nhanho uye mamiriro emvura yebhureki: ruvara rwakasviba zvakanyanya runogona kuratidza kusvibiswa.
– Chinja mvura yebhureki panguva yakakodzera: kazhinji makore ese 1-2, zvichienderana nezvinodiwa.
– Tarisa ukobvu hwema brake pads uye mamiriro edhisiki/dhiramu: ma brake pads matete anoderedza kushanda uye anokuvadza rotor/dhiramu.
– Tarisa kana paine maburi ari mumapaipi, mapombi uye zvinobatanidzwa: kunyanya munzvimbo dzevhiri nedzemasirinda makuru.
– Kubuda ropa mushure mebasa: kana paine kupwanywa kana kupinda kwemhepo.
– Kuyedzwa kwemugwagwa uye kuyedzwa kwebhureki: iva nechokwadi chekuti hapana kudedera, ruzha, kana kudhonzwa kudivi rimwe chete.
Mhedziso
Masisitimu emabhureki ehydraulic tekinoroji yakakosha mumotokari dzemazuva ano, inovimba nekumanikidzwa kwemvura kuti itumire simba rebhureki zvinobudirira uye zvakaenzana. Nekunzwisisa misimboti yeMutemo waPascal, mashandiro ezvikamu zvakaita semacylinder makuru, ma booster, mitsetse yemabhureki, macaliper/mavhiri emabhureki, uye kukosha kwemvura yemabhureki, vadzidzi veinjiniya yemotokari nevanyanzvi vanogona kuongorora mashandiro esystem, kugadzirisa, uye kuona matambudziko nemazvo. Kugadzirisa nguva dzose—kunyanya kutarisa kana paine kudonha kwemvura, mamiriro epad, uye kutsiva mvura yemabhureki—ndiyo chinhu chakakosha pakuchengetedza sisitimu yemabhureki ehydraulic yakachengeteka, inopindura, uye yakavimbika mumamiriro akasiyana-siyana ekutyaira.
