Nheyo dzeSisitimu Dzekusiyanisa Mota
Munyika yemotokari, sisitimu yekufambisa simba (drivetrain) inoita basa rakakosha mukufambisa simba kubva kuinjini kuenda kumavhiri zvinobudirira. Chimwe chezvinhu zvikuru mudrivetrain, kunyanya murear-wheel drive (RWD), front-wheel drive (FWD), uye four-wheel drive (4WD/AWD) mota, ndiyo differential. Differential inoshanda chinyararire asi inonyanya kusarudza kugadzikana kwemotokari, kugadzikana, uye kuchengetedzeka kwayo painokona kana kupfuura nepanzvimbo dzisina kuenzana dzemugwagwa. Chinyorwa chino chinokurukura zvinhu zvekutanga zve differential system yemotokari: tsananguro, mashandiro, zvikamu, misimboti yekushanda, mhando, uye zviratidzo zvekukuvara nekugadzirisa.
Kunzwisisa Kusiyanisa
Differential inzira yegiya inobvumira mavhiri maviri ekutyaira ari pa ekseli imwe chete (kuruboshwe nekurudyi) kuti atenderere nekumhanya kwakasiyana, kunyanya kana mota ichitenderera. Pasina differential, mavhiri ese ari pa ekseli imwe chete aizomanikidzwa kutenderera nekumhanya kumwe chete, zvichikonzera kutsvedza kwevhiri, kupera kwematayi nekukurumidza, kuoma kudzora mota, uye kuwedzera kushushikana pazvikamu zvedrivetrain.
Mumotokari dzinofambisa mavhiri ekumashure, musiyano unowanzo kuwanikwa pa ekseli yekumashure. Mumotokari dzinofambisa mavhiri ekumberi, musiyano unowanzo batanidzwa ne transaxle (musanganiswa we transmission ne differential) pamberi. Mumotokari dze 4WD/AWD, panogona kunge paine musiyano wekumberi, musiyano wekumashure, uye dzimwe nguva musiyano wepakati kana imwe torque-splitting unit.
Basa Guru reKusiyanisa
Kazhinji, kusiyana-siyana kune mabasa makuru akati wandei:
1. Govera simba kumavhiri maviri ekutyaira
Differential inotumira torque kubva kupropeller shaft (kana transmission output paFWD) kuenda kumavhiri ekuruboshwe nekurudyi.
2. Inobvumira kumhanya kwakasiyana kwekutenderera kwemavhiri
Pakutenderera, vhiri rekunze rinofamba chinhambwe chakakura kupfuura vhiri remukati, saka vhiri rekunze rinofanira kutenderera nekukurumidza. Musiyano uyu unoenderana nemusiyano uyu.
3. Chinja divi rekutenderera uye chiyero chekupedzisira chekutyaira
Kuburikidza nenhevedzano yemagiya erin'i nemagiya epinion, musiyano unochinja divi rekutenderera kwepropeller shaft uye kazhinji unopa kudzikiswa kwekupedzisira (chiyero chekutyaira chekupedzisira) kuwedzera torque kumavhiri.
4. Kuvandudza kugadzikana kwekutyaira uye nyaradzo
Kana mota ikatenderera zvakanaka, inotsvedzerera kana yamira pakona, zvichideredza zviratidzo zvekusvetuka kana "kuruma" matai.
Zvikamu Zvikuru zveSisitimu Yekusiyanisa
Kunyangwe magadzirirwo angasiyana pakati pevagadziri, musiyano wacho unosanganisira zvinhu zvinotevera:
1. Giya rePinion (pinion yekutyaira)
Giya diki rinotenderera kubva kupropeller shaft (RWD) kana transmission output shaft (FWD). Pinion inotenderera giya reringi.
2. Giya remhete (vhiri rekorona)
Giya hombe rakabatana nedifferential case. Ring giya rinoenderana nepinion giya uye rinoona final drive ratio.
3. Kesi yekusiyanisa (yekusiyanisa imba)
Dzimba dziripo magiya ekusiyanisa. Dzinotenderera negiya reringi.
4. Giya repadivi (giya rezuva)
Magiya akabatana nemaekisero ekuruboshwe nekururudyi. Magiya eparutivi anotumira torque zvakananga kumaekisero.
5. Giya reSpider / giya reDifferential Pinion (giya rePlanet)
Magiya madiki ari mukati mechikamu che differential anobvumira magiya eparutivi kutenderera nekumhanya kwakasiyana.
6. Mabheyaringi nezvisimbiso
Mabheringi anotsigira kutenderera kwakanaka uye kwakarurama kwepinion nedifferential case. Zvisimbiso zvinodzivirira kubuda kwemafuta e axle.
7. Mafuta akasiyana-siyana (mafuta egiya)
Mafuta ekuzora anodzivirira magiya kubva pakusakara, kupisa uye kubatwa zvakanyanya.
Nheyo Inoshanda Yekusiyanisa Zvinhu Kana Zvakatwasuka Uye Zvichitendeuka
1. Kana mota iri kufamba yakananga
Kana mota iri kufamba yakananga mumugwagwa wakatwasuka, mavhiri ese ari maviri ekuruboshwe nerudyi anoda kumhanya kwakafanana kwekutenderera. Mumamiriro ezvinhu aya:
- Giya remhete rinotenderedza chikamu chedifferential case.
– Giya redandemutande rinotenderera asi haritenderere zvakanyanya padivi paro.
– Magiya ekuruboshwe nekururudyi anotenderera nekumhanya kwakafanana.
Nekuda kweizvozvo, torque inokamurwa uye mavhiri anofamba nenzira imwe chete.
2. Kana mota yatendeuka
Kana mota yatendeuka:
– Vhiri rekunze rinofanira kutenderera nekukurumidza nekuti nzira yaro yakareba.
– Differential case ichiri kutenderera, asi spider gear ikozvino inotenderera pa axis yayo, zvichiita kuti rimwe divi ritenderere nekukurumidza uye rimwe rinonoka.
Nenzira iyi, mota inogona kukona zvakanaka pasina kumanikidza rimwe remavhiri kuti ritsvedze zvakanyanya.
Mhando Dzekusiyana
Kufambira mberi kwetekinoroji kwakakonzera mhando dzakasiyana dzemisiyano yezvinodiwa zvakasiyana zvekubata uye mashandiro:
1. Kusiyanisa Kwakavhurika (kusiyanisa kwakavhurika)
Iyi ndiyo mhando inonyanya kuwanikwa mumotokari dzinotakura vanhu. Zvakanakira zvayo zviri nyore, kukwanisika kutenga mota, uye kutsetseka. Dambudziko: kana vhiri rimwe chete rikarasikirwa nekukweva (semuenzaniso, mumigwagwa inotsvedza), torque inowanzo yerera kuvhiri rinotenderera zviri nyore (riri rinotsvedza), zvichiita kuti mota iome kuifambisa.
2. Kusiyanisa Kwekutsvedza Kwemuchina (LSD)
Differential ine limited-slip (LSD) yakagadzirirwa kubvumira differential wheel kutenderera panguva yekukona, ukuwo ichideredza kutsvedza kwakanyanya kana vhiri rimwe rikarasikirwa nekukweva. Kune mhando dzakasiyana dzeLSD:
- Clutch-type LSD (ichishandisa ma clutch plates)
- Viscous LSD (inoshandisa silicone fluid)
– Torsen/Helical LSD (ichishandisa magiya ehelical)
MaLSD anoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumota dzinoshanda zvakanaka, maSUV, uye mota dzinoda kubatwa zviri nani.
3. Kusiyana kweKiya (kusiyanisa kwekukiya)
Differential inogona "kukiyiwa" kuitira kuti mavhiri ese ari maviri atenderere zvakaenzana, zvichibatsira pakufamba netsoka dzakaoma. Kana yakakiyiwa, mota yacho inokweva zvakanyanya, asi haina kunaka pakufamba neasphalt, sezvo inogona kukonzera kurasikirwa nemagetsi, kupera kwematayi, uye kushushikana pakutyaira.
4. Kusiyanisa Kwemagetsi / Kuisa Torque
Mumotokari dzemazuva ano, kugoverwa kwetorque kunogona kudzorwa nemagetsi, kungave kuburikidza ne multi-plate clutch, mota yemagetsi (mu EVs), kana sisitimu yekubhureka inobata mavhiri chaiwo. Kuisa torque mumotokari kunovandudza kugadzikana uye kugona kufamba zvakanaka kana uchiisa makona.
Zviratidzo zveKukundikana Kwekusiyanisa
Kukuvadzwa kwakasiyana kunogona kuva nemigumisiro yakakomba. Zvimwe zviratidzo zvakajairika ndeizvi:
– Ruzha rwekuimba kana kuridza ngonono kubva mu axle runowedzera nekumhanya.
- Ruzha rwe "klotok" panguva yekumhanyisa kana kudzikisa ruzha runoratidza kurira kwakanyanya kana kuti zvinhu zvakasakara.
– Kudedera kubva kumashure kana kumberi zvichienderana nenzvimbo yakasiyana.
– Kubuda kwemafuta emuchivharo, kunoonekwa kubva pakubuda kwemafuta muchivharo chemuchivharo kana muchina wepini.
– Matayi anosakara zvisina kuenzana, kunyanya kana aine matambudziko ekurongeka kana matambudziko ekubhejera.
Kana zviratidzo izvi zvikaonekwa, kuongororwa kunofanirwa kuitwa nekukasika nekuti kukuvara kwegiya kunogona kupararira uye mari yekugadzirisa inogona kuwedzera.
Kutarisira Kwekutanga Kwakasiyana
Kuti uve nechokwadi chekuti musiyano wacho unogara kwenguva refu, matanho anotevera ekugadzirisa akakosha:
1. Chinja mafuta e ekseli nguva nenguva zvichienderana nezvinodiwa nemugadziri (semuenzaniso, makiromita 20.000–50.000 ega ega, zvichienderana nekushandiswa).
2. Shandisa zvinodiwa nemafuta, kusanganisira API GL-4/GL-5 standards uye viscosity (semuenzaniso 75W-90, 80W-90) zvichienderana nebhuku rekushandisa.
3. Tarisa kana paine maburi ari muzvisimbiso nemagasket, uye iva nechokwadi chekuti mhepo inofema (kufema) haina kuvharwa.
4. Dzivisai zvinhu zvinorema zvakanyanya musina kugadzirira, semuenzaniso kudhonza zvinhu zvinorema nguva nenguva musina mafuta akakodzera kana kutonhodza zvakakwana.
5. Kune mamwe marudzi eLSD, shandisai mafuta ane LSD additives kana zvichidikanwa kudzivirira LSD clutch kuti isadengenyeke (kutaura).
Penutup
Differential iyi chinhu chakakosha chinoita kuti mota dzitendeuke zvakachengeteka uye zvakanaka, dzinoparadzira torque kumavhiri ekutyaira, uye dzinopa kudzikiswa kwekupedzisira kuti torque iwedzere pamavhiri. Kunzwisisa kwekutanga mashandiro anoita differentials uye mhando dzakasiyana-siyana—kubva kune open differentials kusvika kune limited-slip differentials, locking differentials, uye masisitimu emagetsi emazuva ano—kunobatsira vashandisi kunzwisisa kukosha kwekuchengetedza oiri uye kuona kukuvara nekukurumidza. Nekugadzirisa kwakakodzera, differential system inogona kushanda zvakanaka kwenguva refu uye kuchengetedza mashandiro emotokari mumamiriro akasiyana-siyana emugwagwa.
