Chii chinonzi Differential uye Chinoshanda Sei?
Munyika yemotokari, zvinhu zvakawanda zvinoshanda pamwe chete kuti zvipe kushanda kwakanaka, kunyaradzwa, uye kuchengetedzeka kune vatyairi nevatakuri. Chimwe chinhu chikuru chinowanzo furatirwa idifferential. Chinyorwa chino chichatsanangura kuti differential chii, kuti inoshanda sei, uye nei ichikosha mu transmission system yemotokari.
Kunzwisisa Kusiyanisa
Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, differential ichinhu chinoita kuti mavhiri ari pa axle imwe chete atenderere nekumhanya kwakasiyana. Izvi zvinonyanya kukosha kana mota ichitenderera. Pasina differential, mavhiri emukati nekunze aizotenderera nekumhanya kumwe chete, zvichikonzera kukweshana, kupera kwematayi nguva isati yakwana, uye kurasikirwa nekudzora mota.
Nhoroondo Yekusiyana
Musiyano uyu hausi mutsva; pfungwa iyi yakatanga kare kare muRoma. Zvisinei, kushandiswa kwayo kumotokari dzemazuva ano kwakatanga muzana remakore rechi19 neinjiniya wekuFrance Onésiphore Pecqueur. Dhizaini iyi yekutanga yakazoshanduka kuita chimiro chemazuva ano chatinoziva nhasi.
Rudzi rwekusiyanisa
Kune mhando dzakasiyana dzemhando dzakasiyana dzinoshandiswa mumhando dzakasiyana dzekushandisa mota, dzinosanganisira:
1. Kusiyanisa Kwakavhurika
Iyi ndiyo mhando inonyanya kushandiswa ye differential. Mavhiri acho anowanzo sangana nekumhanya kwakasiyana uye torque pasina kupindira kubva kusystem. Kunyangwe ichishanda zvakanaka uye isingadhuri, differential iyi ine matambudziko kana vhiri rimwe rikarasikirwa nekukweva.
2. Kusiyana Kwakakiyiwa
Kusiyana uku kunoita kuti mavhiri ese ari pa ekseli imwe chete atenderere nekumhanya kwakafanana. Kunyange zvazvo zvichivandudza kubata kwemotokari, rudzi urwu runogona kukonzera kuoma kwemakona uye kuwedzera kupera kwematayi.
3. Kusiyanisa Kwekutsvedza Kwemuchina (LSD)
Chinangwa cheLSD ndechekukunda matambudziko e open differential. Differential iyi inobvumira musiyano wekumhanya pakati pemavhiri maviri, asi ine zvimwe zvinogumira kudzivirira kurasikirwa nekukweva kwevhiri rimwe chete.
4. Kusiyanisa Tork Vectoring (Kusiyanisa Torque Vectoring)
Iyi tekinoroji yepamusoro inogovera torque kuvhiri rega rega. Sisitimu iyi inoshandisa masensa akasiyana-siyana nema actuator kuti mota ikwanise kudhonzwa zvakanaka uye kugadzikana, kunyanya panguva yekutenderera kwakasimba kana migwagwa inotsvedza.
Kusiyanisa Kunoshanda Sei
Kunyange zvazvo zvinganzwika sezvakaoma, musimboti wekushanda kwe differential uri nyore chaizvo. Heano matanho ekutanga ekuti differential inoshanda sei:
Kutumirwa Kwesimba Kubva KuInjini
Injini yemotokari inogadzira simba, iro rinozotumirwa kugedhi. Kubva kugedhi, simba rinotumirwa kudhiraivha, iro rinozobatana nedhiraivha.
Gear Set
Mukati medhiri iyi mune giya rine giya repinion, giya rering, giya respider, uye giya repadivi. Giya iri rine basa rekuparadzira simba kubva padhiraivha kuenda kumavhiri ese ari maviri.
Musiyano weKumhanya kweVhiri
Kana mota ichifamba yakatwasuka, mavhiri ese ari maviri anowana torque yakaenzana. Zvisinei, kana mota ikatenderera, vhiri rekunze rinofanira kutenderera nekukurumidza kupfuura vhiri remukati. Apa ndipo panopinda musiyano, zvichiita kuti pave nemusiyano wekumhanya uyu pasina kurasikirwa nesimba zvakanyanya.
Kudzora Kudhonza Kwesimba
Mune mamwe marudzi akasiyana-siyana, akadai se limited-slip differentials (LSDs) uye torque vectoring systems, mamwe masisitimu anodzora torque allocation kuti awedzere kudhonza uye kugadzikana kwemotokari. Semuenzaniso, muLSD, kana vhiri rimwe rikarasikirwa nekudhonza, sisitimu inoderedza mutsauko wekumhanya uye inodzosera torque yakawanda kuvhiri nekudhonza kuri nani.
Zvakanakira uye Zvakaipira zveDifferentials
Keuntungan
1. Kuwedzera Kugona Kufamba: Kusiyana kunoita kuti pave nemusiyano wekumhanya pakati pemavhiri maviri ari pa ekseli imwe chete, zvichiita kuti zvive nyore kuti mota itenderere.
2. Kubata Zviri Nani: Mhando dzemazuva ano dzakadai seLSD uye torque vectoring dzinopa kubatwa kwakanyatsonaka, kunyanya pamigwagwa inotsvedza kana panzvimbo dzisina kuenzana.
3. Kuderedzwa Kwekupfekwa Kwematayi: Nekubvumira mavhiri kuti atenderere nekumhanya kwakasiyana, musiyano wacho unobatsira kuderedza kusapfekwa kwematayi kusina kuenzana.
Kushaya
1. Kuomarara uye Mutengo: Zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana, kunyanya mhando dzemhando yepamusoro dzakadai seLSD uye torque vectoring, zvine kuomarara kwakanyanya uye zvinogona kuwedzera mari yekugadzirisa nekugadzirisa.
2. Kusasimba Kwekudhonza MumaOpen Differentials: MaOpen differentials ane kusasimba kukuru panyaya yekudhonza, kunyanya kana vhiri rimwe chete rikarasikirwa nekubata pamusoro.
3. Kushandiswa kwemafuta: Masisitimu akaomarara akadai se torque vectoring differentials anogona kuwedzera kushandiswa kwemafuta nekuti kune zvimwe zvinhu zvinofamba zvinoda simba.
Kutarisira Kusiyana
Zvakakosha kuchengetedza differential yako iri mumamiriro akanaka kuburikidza nekugadzirisa nguva dzose. Zvimwe zvinhu zvaunogona kuita zvinosanganisira:
Kuchinja Mafuta Ekuchinja
Mafuta ekuchinja akakosha pakuzora magiya ari mukati me differential, zvichideredza kukweshana uye kupera. Kazhinji zvinokurudzirwa kuchinja mafuta ekuchinja magiya makiromita 40,000 kusvika 60,000 ega ega, asi izvi zvinogona kusiyana zvichienderana nerudzi rwemota nemamiriro ekushanda kwayo.
Kuongorora Sisitimu
Gara uchiongorora zvikamu zve differential kuti uve nechokwadi chekuti hapana kubuda kwemvura, magiya akakuvara, kana zvimwe zvinetso zvinogona kuitika. Kuongorora uku kunofanirwa kuitwa nenyanzvi yemakanika ine ruzivo rwakakwana rwe differential systems.
Kudzivirira Kubuda Kwemvura
Kubuda kwemvura mu differential kunogona kukanganisa zvikamu zvayo nekukonzera kushomeka kwemafuta. Kuva nechokwadi chekuti zvivharo nemagaskets zvinoshandiswa mu differential system zviri mumamiriro akanaka inzira yakakosha yekudzivirira.
Ramangwana Rinosiyana
Tekinoroji iri kuramba ichichinja, uye kusiyana kwacho hakuna musiyano. Munguva yemotokari dzemagetsi nedzinozvimiririra, kusiyana kwacho kuri kuitwawo nekuvandudzwa. Semuenzaniso, dzimwe mota dzemagetsi dzinoshandisa masisitimu ekutyaira ega ega pavhiri rega rega, izvo zvinogona kubvisa kudiwa kwekuchinja kwechinyakare. Uyezve, tekinoroji dzeAI nedzekudzidza kwemuchina dzinotarisirwa kuwedzera kugona kwekuchinja kwe torque nekufanotaura kwakarurama uye kugadzirisa panguva chaiyo.
Mhedziso
Differential chinhu chakakosha muhurongwa hwemotokari, zvichibvumira mutsauko wekumhanya pakati pemavhiri ari pa ekseli imwe chete, zvichivandudza maneuverability, kudhonza, uye kusununguka kwekutyaira. Kunyange zvazvo iine zvimwe zvipingamupinyi, zvakaita semitengo yakakwira yekugadzirisa mumamodheru epamusoro, zvakanakira zvinopihwa nema differentials zvinoita kuti ive chinhu chakakosha, kunyanya mumota dzemazuva ano. Neruzivo rwakakodzera rwekuti differentials dzinoshanda sei uye dzinodzichengetedza sei, mota dzinogona kuchengetedzwa kuti dziite basa rakanaka mumamiriro akasiyana-siyana emugwagwa.
