Nguva yesimba (torque)

Chinhu Chenguva Yesimba (Torque)

Maoko eSitayera
Funga nezvechinhu chinotenderera, senge gonhi. Kana gonhi rikavhurwa kana kuvharwa, rinotenderera. Hinge inobatanidza gonhi nemadziro inoshanda sechikamu chekutenderera.
Mufananidzo wegonhi rinoonekwa kubva kumusoro. Funga nezvemuenzaniso apo gonhi rinosundirwa nemasimba maviri, uko masimba ese ari maviri ane hukuru uye gwara rakafanana; gwara resimba rakanangana negonhi.
Pakutanga gonhi rinosundirwa nesimba F₁ iri kure r₁ kubva pachikamu chekutenderera. Mushure meizvozvo gonhi rinosundirwa nesimba F₂ iri kure r₂ kubva pachikamu chekutenderera. Kunyangwe hukuru negwara resimba F1 zvakafanana neF₂, simba F₂ zvinoita kuti gonhi ritenderere nekukurumidza kupfuura simba F₁Nemamwe mashoko, simba F₂ inokonzera kukurumidza kukuru kwekona kupfuura simba F₁Unogona kuratidza izvi.
Hukuru hwekumhanya kwechinhu chiri kutenderera kweangular hakungobatanidzwi nesimba chete asiwo kunokanganisa daro riri pakati penzvimbo yekushanda kwesimba ne axis yekutenderera (r). Kana divi resimba rakatarisa pamusoro pechinhu sezviri mumuenzaniso uri pamusoro, ruoko rwesimba (l) rwakaenzana nedaro riri pakati penzvimbo yekushanda kwesimba ne axis yekutenderera (r). Ko kana divi resimba risingatarisa pamusoro pechinhu?
Ongorora mimwe mienzaniso miviri sezvakaratidzwa mumufananidzo uri pamusoro. Kunyangwe hukuru hwemasimba F2 neF3 hwakafanana, mafambiro emasimba maviri akasiyana zvekuti maoko esimba (l) akasiyana. mufananidzo c, gwara remutsara wekuita kwesimba rinoenderana ne axis yekutenderera kuitira kuti ruoko rwesimba rive zero. Ruoko rwesimba runozivikanwa nekudhirowa mutsetse kubva pa axis yekutenderera kuenda kumutsara wekuita kwesimba, uko mutsetse kubva pa axis yekutenderera unofanirwa kunge wakamira kana kugadzira kona ye90.^o nemutsara wekuita kwesimba.
Mudikani mufananidzo b kuitira kuti unzwisise zviri nani kubva mufomura inotevera yesimba reruoko.
Information :
l = ruoko rwesimba, r = daro renzvimbo yekushanda kwesimba kubva pa axis yekutenderera
Equation 1 inoshandiswa kuverenga ruoko rwesimba.
Kana F yakamira yakatarisana ne r, angle yakagadzirwa i90^o.
l = r chivi 90^o = (r)(1)
l = r
Kana F ichiwirirana na r, kona yakagadzirwa i0^o.
l = r chivi 0^o = (r)(0)
iye = 0

Nguva Yesimba Kana Torque
Nguva huru yesimba
Pamasvomhu, hukuru hwenguva yesimba hunobva pakuwedzera hukuru hwesimba (F) neruoko rwesimba (l).
Equation 2 inoshandiswa kuverenga hukuru hwenguva yesimba.
Chiyero chepasi rose chetorque chinonzi Newton meter, chakapfupikiswa seN.m. Chiyero chepasi rose chetorque chakafanana nechebasa nesimba, asi torque haisi simba, saka chiyero chayo hachidi kutsiviwa neJoule unit. Nyanzvi dzefizikisi dzinowanzo shandisa izwi rekuti Torque, nepo mainjiniya anowanzo shandisa izwi rekuti moment of force.

Kutungamira kwesimba panguva yesimba
Nguva yesimba inhamba yevector, saka, pamusoro pehukuru hwayo, ine gwara rayo. Kwakananga nguva yesimba kunoonekwa zviri nyore uchishandisa mutemo weruoko rwerudyi. Tenderedza minwe mina yeruoko rwako rwerudyi, uchiramba wakamira negunwe rako rerudyi. Kwakanangana nekutenderera kweminwe mina ndiko kwakanangana nekutenderera, nepo kwakanangana nechigunwe chiri kwakanangana nenguva yesimba.
Kana divi renguva yesimba riri kumusoro (padivi pe positive y-axis) kana kurudyi (padivi pe positive x-axis), ipapo nguva yesimba kana torque iri positive. Kusiyana neizvi, kana divi renguva yesimba riri pasi (padivi pe y-axis) kana kuruboshwe (padivi pe x-axis), ipapo nguva yesimba iri positive.
Nemamwe mashoko, kana kutenderera kwechinhu kwakafanana newachi, nguva yesimba inenge iri negative. Kusiyana neizvi, kana kutenderera kwechinhu kwakafanana newachi, nguva yesimba inenge iri positive.

Muenzaniso wezvinetso

1. Masimba mashanu anoshanda pamativi ane mativi e10 cm sezvakaratidzwa mumufananidzo unotevera. Nguva inobuda yemasimba ane axis panzvimbo yekusangana kwema diagonals emativi ndeye…

Kukurukurirana

Zvinozivikanwa:

Kureba kwedhayagiramu = 5√2 cm = (5)(1,4) cm = 7 cm = 0,07 m

Chivi 45 ^o = 0,5√2 = (0,5)(1,4) = 0,7

Akabvunzwa: Torque inobuda

Mhinduro:

Torque 1:

τ ₁ = (10 N)(0,07 m)(chivi 45 ^o ) = (10 N)(0,07 m)(0,7) = 0,49 Nm

Torque 1 inoita kuti sikweya itenderere ichipesana newachi, saka kana yagadziriswa inopiwa chiratidzo chakanaka.

Torque 2:

τ ₂ = (4 N)(0,07 m)(chivi 45 ^o ) = (4 N)(0,07 m)(0,7) = 0,196 Nm

Torque 2 inoita kuti sikweya itenderere ichipesana newachi, saka kana yagadziriswa inopiwa chiratidzo chakanaka.

Torque 3:

τ ₃ = (10 N)(0,07 m)(chivi 45 ^o ) = (10 N)(0,07 m)(0,7) = 0,49 Nm

Torque 3 inoita kuti sikweya itenderere ichipesana newachi, saka kana yagadziriswa inopiwa chiratidzo chakanaka.

Torque 4:

τ ₄ = (5√2 N)(0,07 m)(chivi 90 ^o ) = (7 N)(0,07 m)(1) = 0,49 Nm

Torque 4 inoita kuti sikweya itenderere ichipesana newachi, saka kana yagadziriswa inopiwa chiratidzo chakanaka.

Torque 5:

τ ₅ = (9 N)(0,07 m)(chivi 45 ^o ) = (9 N)(0,07 m)(0,7) = -0,44 Nm

Torque 5 inoita kuti sikweya itenderere newachi, saka kana yagadziriswa inopiwa chiratidzo chekuramba.

Torque inobuda:

τ = 0,49 + 0,196 + 0,49 + 0,49 – 0,44 = 1,47 + 0,196 – 0,44 = 1,666 – 0,44 = 1,226 Nm