Vananyamukuta mutsika dzemunharaunda: Varindi vetsika nehutano
Kubva pamisika ine vanhu vakawanda yeMarrakech kusvika kumaruwa eKyoto ane runyararo, vananyamukuta vagara vachiremekedzwa mutsika dzemuno pasi rose. Nyanzvi idzi dzakazvipira hadzingovimbisi chete kuti hupenyu hutsva huve hwakachengeteka asiwo dzinoshanda sevarindi vetsika dzekare dzinopfumisa nharaunda dzavanoshandira. Pakusangana kwehutano, tsika, uye mamiriro emagariro evanhu, vananyamukuta vanoratidza hukama hwakasiyana hunosimbisa kukosha kwavo munharaunda.
Nhoroondo Midzi uye Kukosha Kwetsika
Kubereka vana nemwana kwakatangira kare, uye humbowo hwekuti vana nemwana vanotangira kare. Magwaro anobva kuEgypt yekare, Greece, neRoma anotaura nezvetsika idzi dzinokosha. Mutsika zhinji dzemuno, kurera vana nemwana kwave kuri musimboti wehutano hwemunharaunda kwemazana emakore. Semuenzaniso, munharaunda dzeNative American, vana nemwana vaishanda mabasa maviri sevanachiremba nevatungamiriri vemweya, vakapihwa mabasa emuviri nemweya pakubereka.
MuJapan, izwi rekuti "sanba" rinoreva vananyamukuta vechivanhu vanga vaine basa rekubatsira vana pakuzvara kwemazana emakore. Basa ravo haringopfuuri kuzvara chete; vana sanba vaiva vadzidzisi, vachidzidzisa vanaamai vanenge vava kuda kuzvara nezvekuchengetedzwa kwevana vasati vazvara uye kupora mushure mekusununguka. Kuchengetwa uku kunosimudzira hukama hwakadzama pakati pevananyamukuta nemhuri dzavanoshandira, zvichiita kuti vave chikamu chehutano hwemhuri nehwenharaunda.
Vananyamukuta seVanochengeta Tsika
Kupfuura ruzivo rwavo rwekurapa, vananyamukuta vanowanzoonekwa sevachengeti venhaka yetsika. Semuenzaniso, mutsika zhinji dzemuAfrica, vananyamukuta vanosanganisa tsika dzechivanhu netsika mutsika dzavo. VaMaasai vekuKenya neTanzania vanoona kubereka mwana sechiitiko chepasi rose, uko vananyamukuta vanotungamira mhemberero dzekunamata kudzivirira amai nemwana kubva kumidzimu yakaipa.
MuLatin America, kunyanya munzvimbo dzakadai seMexico neGuatemala, "mapartera" kana kuti vananyamukuta vechivanhu, vanowanzo sanganisa tsika dzechivanhu nehunyanzvi hwavo hwekurapa. Mapartera aya anoshandisa mishonga, masaji, uye makomborero emweya akapfuudzwa kubva kuzvizvarwa kusvika kuzvizvarwa kuti ave nechokwadi chekuti varwere vavo vanogara zvakanaka. Maitiro avo ekusununguka anoremekedzwa uye anokosheswa, zvichiratidza kuti nzira dzechivanhu nemishonga yemazuva ano zvinogona sei kugara pamwe chete uye kubatsirana.
Dzidzo neKutumira Ruzivo
Chimwe chezvinhu zvakakosha pakurera vana vadiki ndiko kutaurirana nemuromo. Mutsika dzakawanda, hunyanzvi hwekurera vana hunobva kuvanachiremba vane ruzivo kuenda kune vadzidzi vari kudzidzira basa. Rudzi urwu rwedzidzo runovimbisa kuti ruzivo rwechinyakare runokosha rwunochengetedzwa, ukuwo ruchichinjana nekufambira mberi kutsva mune zvesainzi yekurapa.
Semuenzaniso, vanhu vekuHunza kuchamhembe kwePakistan vane tsika yakakura yekurera vana vadiki inosanganisa zvirimwa zvemuno nemishonga yekurapa nehunyanzvi hwekushandisa. Vananyamukuta vechidiki vanodzidza kuburikidza neruzivo rwakananga, kazhinji vachitanga kudzidziswa kwavo vachiri kuyaruka uye vachienderera mberi kusvika vakura. Iyi modhi yekudzidzisa inobvumira kuunganidzwa kweruzivo rwakakura rwakagadzirirwa zvinodiwa nemamiriro ezvinhu munharaunda.
Basa reKubereka Vanaamai muKurapa Kwemazuva Ano
Kunyange zvazvo tsika dzichiri kuramba dzichichinja, mabasa ekubatsira vananyamukuta ari kuramba achichinja. Munzvimbo dzakawanda, kubatanidzwa kwevananyamukuta muhurongwa hwekurapa hwepamutemo kwakaratidzwa kuti kunobatsira zvikuru. Zvidzidzo zvakaratidza kuti rubatsiro rwunotungamirirwa nevananyamukuta runogona kuderedza zvakanyanya huwandu hwevanaamai nevecheche vanofa. Masangano akaita seWorld Health Organization (WHO) neUnited Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) akakurudzira kuti vananyamukuta vabatanidzwe muhutano hwekutanga senzira yekuvandudza hutano hwevanaamai.
Munyika dzakadai seNetherlands, basa rekubatsira vana vacheche ibasa rakakurumbira. Vananyamukuta vekuDutch havasi ivo chete vane basa rekubatsira vana vakawanda pakuzvarwa kwenyika asiwo vanoshanda pamwe chete navanachiremba vezvekubereka nevamwe vanopa hutano. Nzira iyi yakabatana inoita kuti vanaamai vane pamuviri vawane rubatsiro rwakakwana, kusanganisira hunyanzvi hwekurapa hwevanachiremba pamwe nerubatsiro rwevananyamukuta rwakagadzirwa nevanhu, rwunowanzoitwa nevananyamukuta.
Matambudziko uye Kutsigira
Pasinei nekukosha kwavo, vananyamukuta vanowanzosangana nematambudziko makuru. Munzvimbo zhinji dzepasi rose, vanoshanda mumamiriro ezvinhu akaoma vasina mukana wekuwana zvipatara nezvinhu zvekushandisa. Pamusoro pezvo, shanduko dzetsika nekudyidzana kwepasi rose kwehutano dzimwe nguva zvinogona kukanganisa tsika dzechivanhu, zvichiisa vananyamukuta pamharadzano pakati pekuchengetedza tsika dzekare uye kugadzirisa mitemo yemazuva ano yekurapa.
Masangano anorwira kodzero dzevanhu pamwe nemasangano evashandi vanoita basa guru mukugadzirisa matambudziko aya. Mapoka akaita seInternational Confederation of Midwives (ICM) anoshanda kutsigira vananyamukuta kuburikidza nezvirongwa zvekudzidzisa, kutsigira mitemo, uye kushanda pamwe chete nedzimwe nyika. Nekusimudzira chinzvimbo chevananyamukuta uye kuona kuti vanowana rutsigiro rwavanoda, masangano aya anobatsira kuchengetedza basa guru revananyamukuta muhutano hwepasi rose.
Remangwana reKubereka Vana
Sezvo nyika iri kuramba ichibatana zvakanyanya, basa revanyamukuta rinogona kukura nekusiyana-siyana. Kufambira mberi mukurapa nefoni uye matekinoroji ehutano hwemafoni kunopa nzira dzinovimbisa dzekuvandudza kugona kwevanyamukuta, kunyanya munzvimbo dziri kure kana dzisina rubatsiro rwakawanda. Zvishandiso izvi zvinogona kupa vanyamukuta mukana wekuwana mazano ekurapa, zviwanikwa, uye rutsigiro panguva chaiyo, nokudaro zvichivandudza mhedzisiro yevanaamai nevacheche.
Uyezve, kuri kuwedzera kuzivikanwa kwekukosha kwekuremekedza nekubatanidza tsika dzechivanhu mukati mehurongwa hwemazuva ano hwehutano. Kuedza kunyora nekuchengetedza ruzivo rwevananyamukuta verudzi rwechivanhu kuri kuwedzera, zvichiita kuti midziyo iyi inokosha yetsika isarasikirwe. Maitiro aya akazara haangosimbisi chete maitiro ehutano asiwo anovandudza tsika dzevanhu.
mhedziso
Vananyamukuta vane nzvimbo yakasiyana mutsika dzemuno pasi rose, vachisanganisira musanganiswa wehutano netsika dzisingakanganwiki uye dzinokosha. Basa ravo rinodarika chiito chiri nyore chekubereka vana; rinosanganisira kuchengetedza hutano hwemuviri, hwepfungwa, uye hwetsika hwenharaunda dzese. Sezvatinotarisira ramangwana, zvakakosha kukudza nekutsigira basa rakakosha revanyamukuta, tichiona kuti vanoramba vari vachengeti vehutano nenhaka muchimiro chetsika chinogara chichichinja chenzanga yevanhu.
