Radar yeMamiriro ekunze uye Tekinoroji Yayo
Radar yemamiriro ekunze inomira seimwe yetekinoroji dzakakosha mu meteorology, ichipa data rakakosha rekufanotaura mamiriro ekunze, kutevera dutu, uye zvidzidzo zvemamiriro ekunze. Chinyorwa chino chinotarisa nzira, kuvandudzwa, uye mashandisirwo etekinoroji yeradar yemamiriro ekunze, ichijekesa kuti yakachinja sei kunzwisisa kwedu nekufanotaura zviitiko zvemamiriro ekunze.
Nhanganyaya kuRadar yeMamiriro ekunze
Radar yemamiriro ekunze, kana kuti radar yekutarisa mamiriro ekunze (WSR), chishandiso chakakosha mukuongorora mamiriro ekunze kwemazuva ano. Inoshanda nekuburitsa masaini e microwave mumhepo, ayo anoratidza zvidimbu zvemvura zvakaita semadonhwe emvura, mazaya echando, kana matombo emvura ine chimvuramabwe. Nekuongorora masaini anodzoserwa, nyanzvi dzemamiriro ekunze dzinogona kududzira maitiro akasiyana-siyana emhepo, akadai sekusimba uye kufamba kwemvura ine chimvuramabwe.
Nhoroondo Kubudirira
Pfungwa yeradar (Radio Detection and Ranging) inofanotaura kushandiswa kwayo mukutarisa mamiriro ekunze, yakatanga kugadzirwa kuti ishandiswe nemauto munguva yeHondo Yenyika II. Masisitimu ekutanga eradar akaona mamiriro ekunze netsaona, izvo zvakaita kuti masayendisiti aongorore mashandisirwo ayo emamiriro ekunze mushure mehondo. Pakupera kwema1940 nekutanga kwema1950, masisitimu eradar emamiriro ekunze akagadzirwa, akadai seWSR-57 muUnited States.
Mumakumi emakore akatevera, tekinoroji iyi yakashanduka, nekufambira mberi kukuru kusanganisira kuiswa kweDoppler radar muma1970. Doppler radar inopa ruzivo nezvekumhanya kwezvikamu zvemvura inonaya, zvichiwedzera kugona kuona nekuongorora kutenderera kwedutu nezvimwe zvinhu zvemamiriro ekunze zvinochinja. Kugadzirwa kwedual-polarization radar mukupera kwezana remakore rechi20 nekutanga kwezana remakore rechi21 kwakaita kuti pave nekunzwisisa kwakanyatsojeka kwerudzi rwemvura inonaya uye kusimba kwayo.
Operating Principles
Nheyo dzeRadar
Masisitimu eradar emamiriro ekunze anotsigira zvakanyanya misimboti yemwaranzi yemagetsi. Radar transmitter inoburitsa kutenderera kwesimba re microwave mumhepo. Kana kutenderera uku kwasangana nezvidimbu zvemvura, rimwe simba rinopararira richidzokera kumashure uye rinogamuchirwa neradar antenna. Nguva yainotora kuti kutenderera kudzoke inobvumira kuverenga daro kusvika pakunaya kwemvura, zvichiratidza nzvimbo yacho.
Kufungisisa kweRadar
Simba rechiratidzo chinodzoserwa, kana kuti radar reflectivity, rinoratidza simba remvura. Mareflectivity akakwira anoenderana nemvura yakawanda. Reflectivity inoyerwa muma decibels zvichienzaniswa ne Z (dBZ), zvichipa chiyero chakajairwa chesimba remvura. Semuenzaniso, reflectivity value ye20 dBZ inowanzo ratidza mvura shoma, nepo 55 dBZ kana kupfuura inogona kuratidza mvura yakawanda kana chimvuramabwe.
Doppler radar
Doppler radar inowedzera kugona kweradar yakajairwa nekuyera frequency shift yechiratidzo chakadzoserwa, chinozivikanwa seDoppler effect. Kuchinja uku kunopa ruzivo nezvekufamba kwezvikamu zvemvura zvichienzaniswa neradar. Nekuda kweizvozvo, Doppler radar inogona kuona kwete chete nzvimbo uye simba remvura asiwo kumhanya kwayo. Kugona uku kwakakosha pakuziva nekuongorora zviitiko zvakaita se wind shear, tornadoes, uye mesocyclones.
Radar yePolarization Dual
Radar ine polarization mbiri inomiririra imwe yekufambira mberi kwazvino mu tekinoroji ye radar. Masisitimu ekare e radar anotumira nekugamuchira ma pulses akapatsanurwa munzira imwe chete, kazhinji akatwasuka. Radar ine polarization mbiri inotumira nekugamuchira ma pulses munzira dzakatwasuka uye dzakatwasuka, zvichipa maonero akazara ezvimedu zvemvura inonaya. Iyi tekinoroji inowedzera kusiyanisa pakati pemhando dzakasiyana dzemvura inonaya (semuenzaniso, mvura inonaya vs. sinou) uye inovandudza kufungidzira kwehuwandu hwemvura inonaya uye rudzi rwayo.
Mashandisirwo eWeather Radar
Kufanotaura Mamiriro Ekunze uye Kuzivisa Zvino
Radar yemamiriro ekunze inopa ruzivo rwenguva chaiyo rwakakosha pakufanotaura mamiriro ekunze kwenguva pfupi (nowcasting) uye kwenguva refu. Nekugara uchitarisa maitiro ekunaya kwemvura, nyanzvi dzemamiriro ekunze dzinogona kupa yambiro panguva yakakodzera yezviitiko zvemamiriro ekunze zvakakomba zvakaita semadutu, madutu, uye madutu. Kugona uku kwakakosha pakuchengetedzwa kweveruzhinji uye kugadzirira njodzi, zvichiita kuti vanhu vakwanise kubuda nekukurumidza uye kutora matanho ekudzivirira.
Hydrology uye Kufanotaura Kwemafashamo
Ruzivo rwakarurama rwemvura inonaya rwakakosha pakuongorora kwemvura uye kufanotaura mafashamo. Radar yemamiriro ekunze inobatsira kuteedzera huwandu hwemvura inonaya uye kupararira kwayo, ichiisa mumhando dzemvura kuti ifanotaura huwandu hwenzizi uye mafashamo anogona kuitika. Ruzivo urwu rwakakosha pakutarisira zviwanikwa zvemvura, kuronga zvivakwa, uye kupindura nekukurumidza.
Climate Studies
Ruzivo rweradar rwenguva refu runobatsira muzvidzidzo zvemamiriro ekunze nekupa ruzivo nezvemafambiro emvura, kuwanda kwemadutu, uye kuchinja kwesimba nekufamba kwenguva. Kuongorora zvinyorwa zveradar kunobatsira masayendisiti kunzwisisa mhedzisiro yekuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze pamaitiro emamiriro ekunze, zvichipa ruzivo pamusoro pemitemo uye nzira dzekugadzirisa mamiriro ekunze.
Yekuchengetedza Kwekuchengetedza
Radar yemamiriro ekunze inokosha zvikuru pakuchengetedza ndege, ichipa ruzivo rwakadzama nezvenzvimbo ine dutu uye kusimba kwaro. Vatyairi vendege vanovimba nedata reradar kuti vafambe mumamiriro ekunze akaipa, vachidzivirira nyonganyonga, mheni, nedzimwe njodzi.
kurima
Varimi nevarongi vekurima vanoshandisa ruzivo rweradar yemamiriro ekunze kuti vasarudze zvine ruzivo nezvekudyara, kudiridza, uye kukohwa. Ruzivo rwakakodzera rwemafambiro emvura runobatsira mukutarisira zvirimwa zvinobudirira, kuwedzera goho, uye kuderedza kurasikirwa kunokonzerwa nemamiriro ekunze asina kunaka.
Ramangwana Mirairo
Remangwana retekinoroji yeradar yemamiriro ekunze rakajeka, nekufambira mberi kuri kuenderera mberi kuchivimbisa kunyatsorurama uye kugona kukuru. Matekinoroji ari kubuda akadai seradar yezvikamu, iyo inogona kuongorora mhepo nekukurumidza uye zvinobudirira kupfuura masisitimu ekare eradar emakanika, ane mukana wakakura. Uyezve, kubatanidzwa kwehungwaru hwekugadzira uye matekiniki ekudzidza kwemuchina kuri kusimudzira kuongororwa kwedata, kuvandudza kududzirwa kwezviratidzo zvakaoma zveradar, uye kupa kufanotaura kwakavimbika.
Matambudziko Nezvinogumira
Pasinei nemabhenefiti ayo akawanda, tekinoroji yeradar yemamiriro ekunze inosangana nematambudziko nezvimwe zvipingamupinyi. Masisitimu eradar anogona kukanganiswa nezvipingamupinyi zvakaita sezvivakwa kana makomo, izvo zvinogona kuvhara kana kuparadzira zviratidzo, zvichiita kuti pasaonekwe nzvimbo. Pamusoro pezvo, radar haigone kuyera mvura inonaya kupfuura nzvimbo yakati, zvichideredza kufukidzwa kwayo munzvimbo dziri kure. Kuwanda kwezvinhu pasi uye kupararira kusingawanzoitiki zvinogonawo kukonzera zvikanganiso mukududzirwa kwedata reradar.
Kuti kuderedze zvipingamupinyi izvi, ma radar network anowanzo wedzerwa nezvimwe zvishandiso zvekutarisa zvakaita sema satellite, nzvimbo dzemamiriro ekunze, uye mvura inoyerera. Kubatanidza data rakawanda kunobvumira kunzwisisa kwakazara kwemamiriro ekunze uye kunowedzera kururama kwekufanotaura kwemamiriro ekunze.
mhedziso
Tekinoroji yeradar yemamiriro ekunze yakachinja zvikuru mamiriro ekunze, ichipa ruzivo rwakakosha rwekufanotaura mamiriro ekunze, kutevera madutu, uye kutsvakurudza mamiriro ekunze. Kubva pakutanga kwayo panguva yeHondo Yenyika II kusvika kumhando dzayo dzazvino, radar yakaramba ichichinja, ichikurudzirwa nekufambira mberi kwetekinoroji uye kudiwa kuri kuramba kuchikura kweruzivo rwemamiriro ekunze rwakarurama. Sezvatinotarisira ramangwana, zvimwe zvitsva mutekinoroji yeradar zvinovimbisa kuwedzera kugona kwedu kunzwisisa nekufanotaura mamiriro akaomarara emhepo yedu, zvichiita kuti tive nekugadzirira kuri nani uye kusimba mukutarisana nematambudziko ane chekuita nemamiriro ekunze.
