Maumbirwo eChadenga chePasi
Mhepo yakapoteredza Pasi ihurongwa hwakasimba uye hwakaoma hunoita basa guru mukuchengetedza hupenyu, kudzora mamiriro ekunze, uye kuita kuti zviitiko zvakasiyana-siyana zvemamiriro ekunze zvive nyore. Hune zvikamu zvakawanda, chimwe nechimwe chine hunhu hwakasiyana uye mabasa akasiyana. Kunzwisisa chimiro chemhepo yakapoteredza Pasi kwakakosha kuti tinzwisise kuti mamiriro ekunze anoumbwa sei, kuti mabasa evanhu anokanganisa sei mamiriro ekunze edu, uye kuti hupenyu hunochengetwa sei pasi rino.
Troposphere
Chimiro chidiki chemhepo chinonzi troposphere. Chinotambanuka kubva pamusoro penyika kusvika paavhareji yekukwirira kwemakiromita angangoita 8 kusvika 15 (makiromita 5 kusvika 9), ukobvu hwacho huchisiyana zvichienderana nelatitude nemwaka. Troposphere ndipo panoitika zviitiko zvese zvemamiriro ekunze, kusanganisira makore, kunaya kwemvura, nemhepo.
unhu
– Tembiricha yeKupisa: Tembiricha iri mutroposphere inowanzodzikira nekukwirira, paavhareji yeanenge madhigirii Celsius 6.5 pakiromita (3.6 madhigirii Fahrenheit pa chiuru chetsoka). Izvi zvinodaro nekuti troposphere inodziiswa zvakanyanya nepamusoro peNyika.
– Kuumbwa: Troposphere ine inenge 75% yehuremu hwemhepo uye inonyanya kuumbwa nenitrogen (78%) neoxygen (21%), ine zvicherwa zveargon, carbon dioxide, water vapor, nemamwe magasi.
– Kutenderera: Troposphere inoratidzwa nekufamba kwemhepo kwakakosha uye kutenderera, izvo zvakakosha kune mamiriro ekunze uye pakusanganiswa kwezvinhu zviri mumhepo.
stratosphere
Pamusoro petroposphere pane stratosphere, inotangira pamakiromita angangoita gumi nemashanu (makiromita mapfumbamwe) kusvika pamakiromita angangoita makumi mashanu (makiromita makumi matatu nerimwe) pamusoro penyika.
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– Kuchinja Tembiricha: Kusiyana netroposphere, tembiricha iri mustratosphere inowedzera nekukwirira. Kuchinja tembiricha uku kunokonzerwa nekutorwa kwemwaranzi ye ultraviolet (UV) ne ozone layer, iyo yakaungana muchikamu ichi.
– Ozone Layer: Stratosphere ndiyo musha we ozone layer, iyo inodzivirira hupenyu panyika nekunwisa mwaranzi yezuva inokuvadza yeUV.
– Kugadzikana: Stratosphere yakagadzikana zvishoma kana tichienzanisa ne troposphere ine turbulent. Kushaikwa kwe convective currents uye vertical mixing shoma zvinoita kuti ive nzvimbo ine runyararo uye kugadzikana.
Mesosphere
Mesosphere iri pamusoro pestratosphere, inotangira pamakiromita angangoita makumi mashanu (makiromita makumi matatu nerimwe) kusvika pamakiromita makumi masere nemashanu (makiromita makumi mashanu nematatu) pakukwira.
unhu
– Kudzikira kweTembiricha: Tembiricha iri mumesosphere inodzikira nekukwirira, ichisvika kune mamwe tembiricha dzinotonhora zvikuru mumhepo yepasi, kazhinji dzinosvika -90 degrees Celsius (-130 degrees Fahrenheit) pedyo nepamusoro.
– MaMeteor: Iri denderedzwa ndipo panotsva mameteor mazhinji paanopinda mumhepo yepasi, zvichiita nzira dzinopisa dzinogona kuonekwa kubva pasi.
– Makore Anopenya: Dzimwe nguva mesosphere ine makore anopenya, ayo ari makore asina kusimba anoonekwa akavhenekerwa zuva ranyura kana zuva risati rabuda, akaumbwa panzvimbo dzakakwirira mumhepo yedu.
Thermosphere
Pamusoro pemesosphere pane thermosphere, iyo inotangira pamakiromita angangoita 85 (makiromita 53) kusvika makiromita 600 (makiromita 373) pamusoro penyika.
unhu
– Kuwedzera kweTembiricha: Tembiricha muthermosphere inowedzera zvakanyanya kana kukwirira kwayo kuchikwira kusvika 2,500 degrees Celsius (4,500 degrees Fahrenheit) kana kupfuura. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nekutorwa kweX-rays ine simba guru uye mwaranzi ye ultraviolet kubva kuzuva.
– Kuiswa kweIon: Thermosphere ine ion yakawanda, zvichikonzera kuumbwa kweionosphere mukati meiyi layer. Kuiswa kweIonization uku kwakakosha pakutaurirana neredhiyo, sezvo ichiratidza mafungu eredhiyo achidzokera kuPasi, zvichibvumira kutaurirana kure.
– Auroras: Zviitiko zvakaita seNorthern neSouthern Lights (auroras) zvinoitika muthermosphere, zvichibva pakubatana kwemhepo yezuva nesimba remagineti rePasi.
Exosphere
Exosphere ndiyo nzvimbo iri kunze kwepasi, inotangira pamusoro pethermosphere kusvika pamakiromita angangoita zviuru gumi (makiromita 6,200) pamusoro penyika, ichichinja zvishoma nezvishoma kuenda munzvimbo yemapuraneti.
unhu
– Mutete uye Mupfupi: Nzvimbo yacho yakatetepa zvikuru, ine zvidimbu zvishoma zvekuti zvinogona kufamba mazana emakiromita pasina kuroverana.
– Hydrogen neHelium: Inonyanya kuve nemaatomu ehydrogen nehelium, pamwe nezvimwe zvinhu zvakareruka.
– Muganhu une Nzvimbo: Nzvimbo inobuda kunze inoshanda semuganhu wekuchinja pakati pemhepo yepasi nenzvimbo yekunze, nezvidimbu zvemhepo zvinozopedzisira zvabuda muchadenga.
Kudyidzana uye Kukosha
Maturikidzwa emhepo yepasi haashande ari ega; anogara achidyidzana, achipesvedzerana uye achitongana. Kudyidzana uku kune zvakunoreva pamamiriro ekunze, kudzorwa kwemamiriro ekunze, uye mabasa evanhu.
– Mamiriro ekunze uye Mamiriro ekunze: Troposphere nestratosphere zvakakosha zvikuru pamamiriro ekunze uye mamiriro ekunze. Kutenderera kwemhepo mutroposphere kunofambisa masisitimu emamiriro ekunze, nepo chimiro chekupisa chestratosphere uye ozone layer zvichikanganisa mamiriro ekunze nekusefa mwaranzi yeUV.
– Kukanganiswa Nevanhu: Mabasa evanhu, akadai sekuburitswa kwemagasi anodziya pasi uye zvinosvibisa, zvinogona kuchinja maumbirwo uye mashandiro emhepo. Semuenzaniso, kuwedzera kwecarbon dioxide kunobatsira mukudziya kwepasi rose, uye zvinosvibisa zvakaita sechlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) zvakaita kuti ozone layer ipere.
– Kuongorora Muchadenga: Kunzwisisa zvikamu zvepamusoro zvemhepo, kunyanya thermosphere ne exosphere, kwakakosha pakuongorora muchadenga. Zvikamu izvi zvinosarudza mamiriro ezvinhu anosangana nezvikepe zvemuchadenga nemasatellite pazvinotenderera Pasi kana kupindazve mumhepo yePasi.
mhedziso
Mhepo yepasi ine mativi akawanda ine zvikamu zvakasiyana, chimwe nechimwe chichiita basa rakakosha mukuchengetedza hupenyu, kudzora mamiriro ekunze nemamiriro ekunze, uye kufambisa kufambira mberi kwetekinoroji. Kubva pamagadzirirwo emamiriro ekunze asina kugadzikana etroposphere kusvika pakukura kwakanyarara kwe exosphere, chikamu chimwe nechimwe chine kukosha kunosimbisa kudiwa kwedu kwekunzwisisa, kuchengetedza, uye kuchengetedza iyi nharaunda isina kusimba yemhepo. Sezvo ruzivo rwedu netekinoroji zvichikura, ndizvo zvinofanirawo kuita kuti hutungamiriri hwedu pamusoro pechinhu ichi chinokosha chinofukidza pasi redu.
