Hunhu uye Mhando dzeMamiriro ekunze eTropical
Mamiriro ekunze emunzvimbo dzinopisa, anowanzoonekwa nekudziya, zvinomera zvakasvibira, uye kazhinji nemahombekombe akanaka ejecha, anobudirira munzvimbo iri pakati peTropic of Cancer neTropic of Capricorn, ichisanganisira nzvimbo dzakatenderedza equator. Mamiriro ekunze aya anoratidzwa nekudziya kwakanyanya gore rose, kunaya kwemvura yakawanda, uye kushaya mwaka chaiwo wechando. Kunzwisisa hunhu uye mhando dzakasiyana dzemamiriro ekunze emunzvimbo dzinopisa kunoita kuti pave neruzivo rwakakosha nezve ecosystem nehupenyu munzvimbo idzi.
Hunhu hweMamiriro ekunze eTropical
1. Kupisa Kwakanyanya
Chimwe chezvinhu zvinoratidza mamiriro ekunze emunzvimbo dzinopisa tembiricha dzakakwira nguva dzose mugore rose. Munzvimbo zhinji dzinopisa, avhareji yekupisa inotangira pa20°C kusvika 30°C (68°F kusvika 86°F). Kudziya uku kunokonzerwa nekona yezuva yakananga uye inogara iripo iyo nzvimbo dzemunzvimbo dzinopisa dzinogamuchira. Kusiyana kudiki kwekupisa kunogona kukonzerwa nekutsveyama kudiki kwePasi uye maawa ezuva asingaperi.
2. Mvura Yakawanda
Mamiriro ekunze emunzvimbo dzinopisa anowanzobatanidzwa nekunaya kwemvura yakawanda. Zvisinei, kupararira kwemvura iyi kunogona kusiyana zvakanyanya zvichienderana nerudzi rwemamiriro ekunze emunzvimbo dzinopisa. Maitiro ekunaya kwemvura anogona kusanganisira mabhanan'ana anowanzoitika uye ane simba, kunaya kwemvura nguva dzose kwezuva nezuva, kana mwaka yakasiyana yemvura neyakaoma. Kunyange zvakadaro, huwandu hwemvura hunotsigira zvirimwa zvakawanda, kubva kumasango marefu emvura kusvika kuminda yekurima yakaorera.
3. Mwaka Wakaderera
Kusiyana nemamiriro ekunze ane mwero, mamiriro ekunze emunzvimbo dzinopisa anoratidza kusiyana kudiki kwemwaka. Matunhu aya haana shanduko huru mukupisa uye ane mwero wemvura unosiyana-siyana unotsanangura nguva dzakasiyana dzegore. Pfungwa dzakadai sezhizha nechando hadziwanzo shandiswa; pachinzvimbo, vagari veko vanogona kureva mwaka "wakanyorova" uye "wakaoma".
4. Hunyoro Hwakanyanya
Mhepo ine hunyoro hwakawanda ndiyo inonyanya kuratidza mamiriro ekunze emunzvimbo dzinopisa. Mhepo inodziya inochengeta hunyoro hwakawanda, zvichiita kuti pave nekunzwa kupisa kusingafadzi. Mhepo iyi ine hunyoro inokurudzira kukura kwezvirimwa uye inochengetedza zvipenyu zvakawanda.
5. Muriwo Wakasvibira
Kusanganiswa kwekupisa kwakanyanya, mvura yakawanda, uye ivhu rakapfuma zvinosimudzira hupenyu hwezvirimwa zvakasiyana-siyana uye zvakakura. Nzvimbo dzinopisa ndidzo dzine zvimwe zvezvisikwa zvakaoma kwazvo pasi rose, kusanganisira masango emvura, ane mhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzemiti nemhuka.
Mhando dzeMamiriro ekunze eTropical
Mamiriro ekunze emunzvimbo dzinopisa anogona kuiswa muzvikamu zvitatu zvikuru: mamiriro ekunze emvura inonaya mumasango emunzvimbo dzinopisa, mamiriro ekunze emvura inonaya muchando, uye mamiriro ekunze emvura inonaya muchando. Rudzi rumwe nerumwe rwemhando idzi rune hunhu hwakasiyana hunokonzerwa nemamiriro ekunze uye mamiriro ekunze.
1. Mamiriro ekunze eMasango emuno muTropical Rainsaw
Characteristics:
– Tembiricha uye Kunaya kwemvura: Mamiriro ekunze emvura inonaya mumasango emvura, anozivikanwawo semamiriro ekunze eequatorial, anosangana nekupisa kwakakwira nguva dzose. Mvura inonaya yakawanda uye yakaenzana gore rose, uye mvura inonaya pagore inowanzopfuura 2000 mm (79 inches). Nekuda kwemvura iyi inonaya nguva dzose, ivhu rinogara rakanyorova.
– Hunyoro: Hunyoro hunoramba hwakakwira zvakanyanya nekuda kwekubuda kwemvura nguva dzose uye kufemera kubva mumiti yakakora.
– Zvirimwa: Mamiriro ekunze aya anotsigira masango ane miti yakawanda uye ane miti yakawanda. Amazon Basin muSouth America, Congo Basin muAfrica, uye dzimwe nzvimbo dzeSoutheast Asia mienzaniso mikuru.
Mienzaniso yeNzvimbo:
– Amazon Rainforest (Brazil)
– Mupata weCongo (Central Africa)
– Borneo (Indonesia)
2. Mamiriro ekunze emvura inonaya mumasango emuchadenga
Characteristics:
– Tembiricha uye Kunaya kwemvura: Mamiriro ekunze emumvura anodziya ane tembiricha dzakafanana asi anokonzerwa nemwaka wemvura nemwaka wemvura. Mwaka wemvura unobatanidzwa nemhepo yemumvura, ichiunza mvura yakawanda, nepo mwaka wemvura usina mvura yakawanda.
– Kusiyana Kwemwaka: Kusiyana nemamiriro ekunze emvura inonaya mvura ine tembiricha yakagadzikana uye maitiro ekunaya kwemvura, mamiriro ekunze emvura inonaya mvura anosangana nekushanduka kwemhepo yemwaka—mamonsoon—zvichikonzera kusiyana kwemvura inonaya.
– Kukanganisa Kurima: Mamiriro ekunze akadaro akanaka pakurima zvirimwa zvinogona kugara kwenguva yekunaya kwemvura yakawanda zvichiteverwa nekuoma kwemvura.
Mienzaniso yeNzvimbo:
– South Asia (kusanganisira India neBangladesh)
– Kumadokero kweAfrica
- Zvikamu zveSoutheast Asia
3. Mamiriro ekunze eTropical Savanna
Characteristics:
– Tembiricha uye Kunaya kwemvura: Mamiriro ekunze emunzvimbo dzinopisa dzesavanna anosanganawo nekupisa kwakanyanya gore rose asi anoratidzwa nemwaka yakasiyana yemvura neyakaoma. Mwaka wemvura mupfupi uye hauna kunyanya kupisa kana tichienzanisa nemamiriro ekunze emvura inonaya, uye mwaka wemvura unogona kuramba uripo kwemwedzi yakawanda.
– Zvirimwa: Mamiriro ekunze aya anotsigira nzvimbo dzine miti yakapararira panzvimbo pemasango akakora. Zvirimwa izvi zvinofanirwa kuchinjika kuti zvirarame munzvimbo dzakaoma kwenguva yakareba yegore, zvichikonzera hunhu hwakadai semidzi yakadzika nemakwati akakora.
– Mafambiro Emhuka Dzemusango dzeMwaka: Mhuka zhinji dziri munzvimbo idzi dzinoratidza hunhu hwekutama kuti dzikwanise kurarama nekuwanikwa kwemvura nechikafu kwemwaka.
Mienzaniso yeNzvimbo:
– Serengeti Plain (Tanzania neKenya)
– Cerrado wekuBrazil
– Kuchamhembe kweAustralia
4. Mamiriro ekunze emakomo etropical
Kunyangwe zvisingawanzoitiki uye zvisingaonekwi pasi rose pasi pemhando huru, dzimwe nzvimbo dzinopisa dzine nzvimbo dzakakwirira dzinokanganisa mamiriro ekunze adzo. Kunyangwe mukati menzvimbo dzinopisa, nzvimbo dzine makomo dzinogona kuratidza tembiricha inotonhora uye mapatani akasiyana ekunaya kwemvura nekuda kwekukwira kwenzvimbo.
Mienzaniso yeNzvimbo:
– Makomo eAndes (South America)
– Gomo reKilimanjaro (Tanzania)
– Nzvimbo dzemuEthiopia
mhedziso
Mamiriro ekunze emuno, nekupisa kwawo kwakanyanya, mvura yakawanda inonaya, uye mwaka yakasiyana, zvinoita basa guru mukuchengetedza nharaunda dzakasiyana-siyana pasi rose. Kubva kumasango emvura eAmazon kusvika kuma savanna akakura eAfrica, marudzi akasiyana-siyana emamiriro ekunze emuno anobatsira mukuva nemiti nemhuka dzakasiyana-siyana. Kunzwisisa mamiriro ekunze aya kwakakosha pakunzwisisa kuoma kwezvakatipoteredza uye kuronga mabasa evanhu anoenderera mberi munzvimbo idzi.
