Midziyo mikuru muChiteshi cheMeteorological
Nzvimbo dzezvemamiriro ekunze, idzo dzinoita basa guru mukuunganidza data remumhepo, dzinosanganisira michina yakasiyana-siyana yekutarisa, kuyera, uye kunyora mamiriro ekunze akasiyana-siyana. Data rakaunganidzwa rinoumba hwaro hwekufanotaura mamiriro ekunze, kutsvagisa kwesainzi, uye mashandisirwo akasiyana-siyana mukufambisa mhepo negungwa, kurima, uye kuderedza njodzi dzechisikigo. Chinyorwa chino chinotsanangura mimwe yemidziyo mikuru inoshandiswa panzvimbo dzezvemamiriro ekunze, ichiratidza mabasa ayo, mashandiro ayo, uye kukosha kwayo muzvidzidzo zvezvemamiriro ekunze.
1. Thermometer
Thermometer chishandiso chinoshandiswa kuyera tembiricha yemhepo. Kune mhando dzakasiyana dzemathermometer anoshandiswa mukuita kwemamiriro ekunze, asi anonyanya kushandiswa ndiwo mathermometer emercury nemathermometer ealcohol. Mathermometer emazuva ano anowanzo kuve emagetsi, ane masensa ekupisa akanyatsojeka uye anogona kutumira data zvakananga kukombiyuta kuti iongororwe zvakadzama.
Mathermometer eMercury anoshanda nepfungwa yekuti mercury ikure mugirazi sezvo tembiricha ichiwedzera. Mercury chinhu chakanakira mathermometer nekuti ine coefficient yakakwira yekuwedzera kwekupisa uye poindi yekufashaira iri pamusoro petembiricha yepamusoro yenzvimbo zhinji. Kune rumwe rutivi, mathermometer ealcohol anoshandisa alcohol yakasanganiswa nedhayi kuti zvive nyore kuverenga tembiricha. Alcohol ine poindi yekutonhora yakaderera pane mercury, zvichiita kuti ive yakakodzera kushandiswa munzvimbo dzine tembiricha yakaderera zvikuru.
Kuyera tembiricha yemhepo ndiko kwakakosha pakushandiswa kwakawanda kwemamiriro ekunze. Ruzivo rwetembiricha runoshandiswa kuverenga zvimwe zvinhu zvakaita sehunyoro uye dova, pamwe chete nemuenzaniso wekufanotaura mamiriro ekunze.
2. Barometer
Barometer chishandiso chinoshandiswa kuyera kumanikidzwa kwemhepo. Kune mhando mbiri dzebarometers dzinozivikanwa: mercury barometers uye aneroid barometers.
Chiyero chemercury chinoyera kumanikidzwa nekutarisa kukwirira kwekoramu yemercury muchubhu yegirazi yakapindurwa. Kana kumanikidzwa kwemhepo kuchiwedzera, koramu yemercury inokwira, uye zvakasiyana, kana kumanikidzwa kuderera, koramu yemercury inodonha. Chiyero chemercury chisina kusimba chinoshandisa sero resimbi risina chinhu rinokura kana kupwanyika nekuchinja kwekumanikidzwa kwemhepo. Kuchinja uku kunoshandura kufamba kwemuchina kunogona kuverengwa pachikero chebarometer.
Kumanikidzwa kwemhepo chinhu chakakosha pakunzwisisa mamiriro ekunze. Kuchinja kwekumanikidzwa kwemhepo kunogona kuratidza shanduko dziri kuuya dzemamiriro ekunze, dzakadai sekusvika kwemhepo ine simba shoma, iyo inowanzobatanidzwa nemamiriro ekunze akaoma uye madutu.
3. Hygrometer
Hygrometer chishandiso chinoshandiswa kuyera hunyoro hwemhepo. Hunyoro huwandu hwemvura iri mumhepo uye hunogona kuyerwa muzvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana, zvakaita sehunyoro, kumanikidzwa kwemvura, uye hunyoro hwakazara.
Kune mhando dzakasiyana dzemahygrometer, kusanganisira mahygrometer ebvudzi, anoshandisa bvudzi revanhu kana remhuka rinotambanuka uye rinopera nekuchinja kwehunyoro, uye mahygrometer edonje, anoshandisa donje kushandura hurefu hwaro zvichienderana nehunyoro hwemhepo. Zvisinei, mahygrometer emazuva ano anoshandisa capacitance kana resistance sensors kuti ape kuverenga kwakananga uye kwakarurama kwehunyoro.
Hunyoro hunoita basa guru mukufanotaura mamiriro ekunze uye kunzwisisa mamiriro ekunze. Ruzivo rwehunyoro runoshandiswa kuverenga nzvimbo dzine dova, kuona makore anogona kuumbwa uye mhute, uye kuongorora kuwanda kwemvura inonaya uye mamiriro ekunze ese.
4. Anemometer
Anemometer chishandiso chinoshandiswa kuyera kumhanya kwemhepo. Dhizaini yeanemometer inonyanya kushandiswa icup anemometer, ine makapu mana kana anopfuura akaiswa paruoko rwakatambanuka runotenderera mativi akamira kana mhepo yavhuvhuta. Kumhanya kwekutenderera kwemakapu kunoenderana nekumhanya kwemhepo uye kunogona kuenzaniswa kuti kuverengerwe kumhanya kwemhepo zvakananga.
Imwe mhando yeanemometer ipropeller anemometer, iyo inoshandisa propeller yakaita sefeni kuyera kumhanya kwemhepo nekwainoenda. Ultrasonic anemometers, iyo inoshandisa mafungu eruzha kuyera mutsauko wenguva yekufamba kweruzha sezvo rwuchikanganiswa nemhepo, inopa data rekukurumidza kwemhepo rakarurama asi rinodhura zvakanyanya.
Kuyera kumhanya kwemhepo uye kwainoenda kwakakosha mukuongorora mamiriro ekunze, kunyanya mukushandiswa mundege, kutakura zvinhu, uye kufanotaura madutu. Ruzivo rwemhepo runobatsirawo mukuenzanisa kupararira kwemhepo inosvibisa uye kudzidza shanduko yemamiriro ekunze.
5. Pluviometer
Pluviometer, inozivikanwawo se rain gauge, chishandiso chinoshandiswa kuyera huwandu hwemvura inonaya kwenguva yakati. Chaizvoizvo mudziyo unounganidza mvura inonaya uye unoyera huwandu hwayo.
Kune magadzirirwo akasiyana-siyana ezviyero zvemvura, kusanganisira zviyero zvemvura zvinoshandisa chubhu yekuyera iri nyore, uye zviyero zvemvura zvinorekodha otomatiki zvinoshandisa dhisiki retipping pamucheto wedanda rinotenderera kuti rinyore huwandu hwemvura inonaya nedhijitari. Zviyero zvemvura zvinozvigadzira otomatiki zvinofarirwa munzvimbo dzemazuva ano dzemamiriro ekunze nekuti zvinogona kupa ruzivo rwemvura inonaya nguva nenguva.
Ruzivo rwemvura inoshandiswa kunzwisisa maitiro ekunaya kwemvura, kutarisira zviwanikwa zvemvura, uye muzvidzidzo zve hydrology nekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze. Kuyera mvura kwakakoshawo pakuyambira nekukurumidza uye kuderedza njodzi dzemafashamo.
6. Piranometa
Piranometer chishandiso chinoshandiswa kuyera simba remwaranzi yezuva inosvika pamusoro penyika. Chishandiso ichi chakakosha pakutsvaga simba rezuva, mamiriro ekunze, uye kurima.
Magadzirirwo ePyranometer anosanganisira masensa anogona kupindura kuhuwandu hwese hwemwaranzi yezuva, kusanganisira UV, chiedza chinoonekwa, uye chiedza cheinfrared. MaPyranometer anowanzo shongedzwa negirazi kana quartz dome inodzivirira sensor kubva kumhepo neguruva, zvichiita kuti zviyero zvive zvechokwadi.
Ruzivo rwemwaranzi yezuva runoshandiswa kuverenga simba riri mumhepo, kunzwisisa mhedzisiro yekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze, uye kugadzirisa dhizaini nenzvimbo dzemapaneru ezuva.
7. Ceilometer
Ceilometer chishandiso chinoshandiswa kuyera kukwirira kwezvigadziko zvemakore. Chinoshanda nekutumira danda relaser kana danda rechiedza mudenga uye kuyera nguva inotora kuti chiedza chidzoke mushure mekurova gore. Kureba kwechigadziko chegore kunoverengerwa zvichienderana nenguva inotora danda iri kufamba.
MaCeilometers akakosha muindasitiri yendege nekuti anopa ruzivo nezvehurefu hwemakore, izvo zvinobatsira kufamba kwemhepo uye kuchengetedzeka kwekubhururuka. Ruzivo kubva kumaCeilometers runobatsirawo pakunzwisisa maitiro emakore uye mvura inonaya mukuongorora mamiriro ekunze.
Mhedziso
Zviteshi zvemamiriro ekunze zvinoshandisa zvishandiso zvakasiyana-siyana zvakaoma kuona, kuyera, uye kuongorora parameters dzemhepo dzakakosha pakufanotaura mamiriro ekunze uye kutsvagurudza mamiriro ekunze. Mathermometer, barometers, hygrometers, anemometers, pluviometers, pyranometers, uye ceilometers ndezvimwe zvezvishandiso zvikuru zvinoshandiswa kuwana ruzivo rwakakosha mumabasa emamiriro ekunze. Kunzwisisa kwakakwana kwechimwe nechimwe chezvishandiso izvi uye mashandisirwo azvo kunobatsira vanoongorora mamiriro ekunze kupa kufanotaura kwemamiriro ekunze kwakarurama uye kunzwisisa zviri nani kwemamiriro ekunze. Ruzivo urwu pakupedzisira runobatsira zvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana zvehupenyu, kubva pakurima kusvika pakufamba netsoka uye kuderedza njodzi.
