Nei Mvura ine Acid Iine Ngozi Kune Zvakatipoteredza
Mvura ine acid inoitika zvakasikwa nekuda kwekubatana kwezvinosvibisa zvemumhepo nehutsi hwemvura, iyo inozodonha pasi se acid. Mvura iyi haingokonzere chete kukuvara kwezvivakwa asiwo ine mhedzisiro yakaipa pamagariro ezvisikwa uye hutano hwevanhu. Chinyorwa chino chichaongorora zvakadzama kuti sei mvura ine acid ichikuvadza nharaunda uye matanho anogona kutorwa kuderedza migumisiro yayo.
Zvinokonzera Mvura ine Asidhi
Mvura ine acid inovapo kana sulfur dioxide (SO2) ne nitrogen oxides (NOx) zvaburitswa mumhepo, kunyanya kuburikidza nekupiswa kwemafuta efossil akadai semarasha nepetroleum. Zvinhu izvi zvinobva zvaita pamwe nezvimwe zvinhu zvemumhepo, zvakaita seokisijeni neutsi hwemvura, kuti zvigadzire sulfuric acid (H2SO4) ne nitric acid (HNO3). Kana mvura yaoma, mvura iyi ine acid inodonha pasi semvura, sinou, mhute, kana guruva.
Mhedzisiro yemvura ine acid pavhu nezvirimwa
1. Kuwanda kweAsidhi muIvhu: Mvura ine acid ine pH yakaderera pane mvura yenguva dzose, iyo inowanzova pa5,6. Kana mvura ine acid ikarova ivhu, inogona kuderedza pH yevhu, zvichiita kuti ive neacid yakawanda. Ivhu rine acid yakawanda harina kunaka pakukura kwezvirimwa, nekuti mahydrogen ions akawandisa anogona kunyungudutsa zvicherwa zvakakosha nezvinovaka muviri zvakaita secalcium, magnesium, uye potassium, zvichiita kuti zvisawanikwe nezvirimwa.
2. Kukuvadzwa Kwemiti: Asidhi inokuvadza zvakananga masero emiti. Mashizha anonaya acid anowanzobatwa nezvirwere uye kukuvara kwemuviri. Uyezve, acid inogona kukanganisa jira rinodzivirira rewakisi pamashizha, zvichideredza kushanda zvakanaka kwephotosynthesis uye pakupedzisira zvichikonzera kudzikira kwekukura kwemiti.
Mhedzisiro paMamiriro Ezvinhu Emumvura
1. Kuwanda kweacid mumvura: Mvura inonaya ine acid inogona kukonzera kudzikira kwe pH mumadziva, nzizi, nemakungwa. Zvipenyu zvemumvura, zvakaita sehove ne plankton, zvinonzwa zvakanyanya kuchinja kwe pH. Kudzikira kwe pH yemvura kunogona kukanganisa metabolism uye mashandiro emuviri wezvipenyu, izvo zvinogona kupedzisira zvakonzera rufu.
2. Kukanganiswa kweCheni Yezvekudya: Kuwanda kweacid mumvura kunokanganisawo tupukanana tudiki tunoumba hwaro hwecheni yezvekudya mumvura. Kana huwandu hwetupukanana utwu hukadzikira, hove nedzimwe mhuka dzinovimba nadzo kuti dziwane chikafu dzichakanganiswawo, zvichikonzera domino effect inokuvadza nharaunda yese.
Mhedzisiro paMasango
Masango chinhu chakakosha mukuchengetedza kuenzana kwezvakatipoteredza. Zvisinei, mvura ine acid inogona kukanganisa chimiro chevhu nezvinovaka muviri zvinodiwa nemiti. Nzvimbo dzine masango dzinosangana nemvura ine acid dzichakuvadzwa nemashizha, makwati, nemidzi. Kuunganidzwa uku kunogona kukonzera kudzikira kwezvibereko zvemasango uye pakupedzisira kukanganisa mhuka dzinovimba nemiti iyi.
Kukanganisa paZvivakwa
Hazvisi zvipenyu chete zvinokanganiswa nemvura ine acid, asiwo zvivakwa zvakagadzirwa nevanhu. Zvivako, mabhiriji, uye zvivakwa zvakagadzirwa ne limestone kana marble zvinonyanya kukanganiswa ne acid ngura. Acid fluid inosangana ne calcium carbonate (CaCO3) iri muzvinhu izvi, zvichikonzera calcium sulfate (CaSO4), iyo inonyungudika mumvura uye inosukurudzwa nyore nyore, zvichikonzera kukurwa zvishoma nezvishoma uye kusasimba kwezvivakwa.
Kukanganisa Hutano Hwevanhu
Kunyangwe vanhu vasingakanganiswi zvakananga nemvura ine acid sezvirimwa kana zvipenyu zvemumvura, tsvina inokonzera acid inonaya inokanganisawo hutano hwevanhu. Sulfur dioxide ne nitrogen oxides mumhepo zvinogona kukonzera zvirwere zvekufema zvakaita seasthma, bronchitis, uye pneumonia. Kufema tsvina iyi kunogona kukonzera matambudziko emwoyo uye kuwedzera njodzi yekenza yemapapu.
Kuedza Kuderedza Dambudziko uye Kudzora
Kugadzirisa dambudziko remvura ine acid kunoda nzira yakakwana uye kushandira pamwe kwenyika dzese. Matanho anofanirwa kutorwa anosanganisira:
1. Kuderedzwa kweUtsi hweSO2 neNOx: Mitemo yakasimba uye matekinoroji ekudzora kusvibiswa, akadai sema scrubbers esmokestack uye catalysts muutsi hwemotokari, zvinogona kuderedza kuburitswa kwesulfur dioxide ne nitrogen oxides mumhepo.
2. Simba Rinodzokororwa: Kuchinja kubva pamafuta ekare kuenda kusimba rinowanikwazve, senge simba rezuva, mhepo, uye nuclear, kunogona kuderedza kugadzirwa kwezvinosvibisa zvinokonzeresa mvura ine acid.
3. Kudyarazve Masango uye Kuchengetedza Masango: Kudyarazve masango akakuvara uye kuchengetedza nzvimbo dziripo dzemasango kunogona kubatsira kudzikamisa nharaunda uye kupa 'sefa yechisikigo' yekusvibisa mhepo.
4. Dzidzo Yevanhu Nekuzivisa: Kuwedzera ruzivo rwevanhu nezvenjodzi dzemvura ine acid uye nzira dzekuderedza kusvibiswa kwemhepo, zvakaita sekuderedza kushandiswa kwemafuta efossil, kunogona kubatsira zvikuru mukuderedza kusvibiswa kwemhepo.
Mhedziso
Mvura ine acid idambudziko guru rezvakatipoteredza, richikanganisa ivhu, mvura, masango, zvivakwa, uye hutano hwevanhu. Maitiro ekuwedzera acid anokonzerwa nekusanganiswa kwesulfur dioxide ne nitrogen oxides kubva mumabasa evanhu anoratidza hunhu husina kusimba hwekuenzana kwedu kwechisikigo. Matanho ekukurumidza uye kushandira pamwe kwenyika dzese mukuderedza kusvibiswa kwemhepo, kuchinjira kune simba rakachena, kuchengetedza masango, uye kusimudzira ruzivo rweveruzhinji zvakakosha mukuderedza migumisiro yemvura ine acid uye kuchengetedza nharaunda. Nezviito zvakanaka, tinogona kudzivirira pasi redu kubva kunjodzi iyi yakakura, tichiona kuti nharaunda dzinogara dzichishanda uye tichiona kuti zvizvarwa zvinotevera zvinogona kunakidzwa nenzvimbo ine hutano uye inochengetedza.
