Hunhu uye Mhando dzeMamiriro ekunze eTropical
Pendauluan
Mamiriro ekunze emunzvimbo dzinopisa (tropical condition) rudzi rwemamiriro ekunze pasi rose ane hunhu hwakasiyana hunoasiyanisa nemamwe mamiriro ekunze. Mamiriro ekunze aya anowanikwa munzvimbo dziri pakati pe equator, dzinenge 23,5° N ne23,5° S. Nyika dzine mamiriro ekunze anopisa dzinowanzo sangana nekupisa kwakanyanya gore rose uye dzinowanzo sangana nemvura yakawanda. Chinyorwa chino chichatsanangura hunhu hwemamiriro ekunze emunzvimbo dzinopisa, marudzi akasiyana-siyana emamiriro ekunze anopisa, uye kukanganisa kwazvinoita pahupenyu hwevanhu nenharaunda.
Hunhu hweMamiriro ekunze eTropical
1. Kupisa Kwakanyanya Nguva Dzose
Chimwe chezvinhu zvikuru zvinoratidza mamiriro ekunze emunzvimbo dzinopisa zvakanyanya kugara kwenguva refu, tembiricha yakakwira gore rose. Avhareji yetembiricha munzvimbo dzinopisa inotangira pa20°C kusvika pa30°C. Kuchinja kwetembiricha pakati pezhizha nechando kudiki kwazvo. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nekuti nzvimbo dzinopisa dziri pedyo neikweta, uko zuva rinopenya gore rose nesimba rakafanana.
2. Mvura Yakawanda
Mamiriro ekunze emunzvimbo dzinopisa anozivikanwa nekunaya kwemvura yakawanda. Mvura inonaya pagore munzvimbo idzi inowanzopfuura 1500 mm. Mvura inowanzonaya zvikuru inotora maawa akati wandei, kazhinji ichiteverwa nedenga rakajeka. Mamiriro aya anoita kuti mamiriro ekunze emunzvimbo dzinopisa ave musha wezvirimwa zvakapfuma uye zvakasvibira.
3. Hunyoro Hwakanyanya
Kunze kwekupisa nekunaya kwemvura, hunyoro hunonyanya kukosha mumamiriro ekunze emunzvimbo dzinopisa. Hunyoro munzvimbo idzi hunowanzova hwakawanda gore rose, hunowanzo pfuura 70%. Hunyoro hwakawanda hunoita kuti mhepo inzwe ichipisa uye inonamira, izvo zvinowanzo kanganisa kugadzikana kwevanhu.
4. Kutenderera Kwemhepo Kunoshanda
Nzvimbo dzinopisa inzvimbo inotenderera mhepo, kusanganisira mhepo dzinofamba kubva kunzvimbo dzine simba guru remhepo dzinoenda kunzvimbo dzine simba shoma dzakatenderedza equator. Izvi zvinokonzerawo kuumbwa kwemakore emunzvimbo dzinopisa nemadutu, akadai semadutu emunzvimbo dzinopisa, ayo anowanzo kukanganisa mamiriro ekunze munzvimbo iyi.
Mhando dzeMamiriro ekunze eTropical
Zvichienderana nemaitikiro emvura uye kupararira kwekupisa, mamiriro ekunze emunzvimbo dzinopisa anogona kukamurwa kuita mhando dzakasiyana-siyana, dzinoti mamiriro ekunze emvura inonaya mumasango emunzvimbo dzinopisa, mamiriro ekunze enzvimbo dzinopisa dzemu ...
1. Mamiriro ekunze eMasango emvura anonaya muTropical (Af)
Mamiriro ekunze emvura inonaya mumasango emuchadenga, anozivikanwawo semamiriro ekunze eequatorial, anowanikwa munzvimbo dziri pedyo neequator, dzakadai seAmazon muSouth America, Congo muAfrica, uye nzvimbo zhinji dzeSoutheast Asia. Hunhu hukuru hwemamiriro ekunze erudzi urwu hunosanganisira:
– Mvura Yakawanda Mugore Rese: Mvura inonaya munzvimbo iyi inowanzopfuura 2000 mm pagore, inopararira zvakaenzana mugore rese. Hapana mwaka wemvura wakasarudzika, zvichikonzera miti yakawanda uye yakasiyana-siyana, kusanganisira masango emvura anonaya mvura anozivikanwa nehupenyu hwawo hwemarudzi akasiyana-siyana.
– Avhareji yekupisa kwakanyanya: Tembiricha munzvimbo iyi inopfuura 25°C kusvika 28°C gore rose. Kuchinja-chinja kwekupisa kwezuva nezuva kunonyanya kuoneka kupfuura kuchinja kwemwaka.
– Hunyoro Hwakanyanya: Hunyoro mumasango emvura anogara achinaya mvura hwakanyanya, hunowanzosvika 80% kana kupfuura. Izvi zvinogadzira mamiriro ekunze anodziya uye anogara achinyorova.
2. Mamiriro ekunze eTropical Savanna (Aw)
Mamiriro ekunze emunzvimbo dzinopisa dzeSavanna, kana kuti mamiriro ekunze akaoma emunzvimbo dzinopisa, anowanikwa munzvimbo dziri kure zvishoma ne equator, dzakadai seEast Africa, Brazil, neIndia. Hunhu hukuru hwemamiriro ekunze aya hunosanganisira:
– Mwaka Wakasiyana Wemvura Nemwaka Wekunaya: Nzvimbo iyi inowana mwaka wekunaya kwemvura yakawanda kwemwedzi yakati wandei yegore, ichiteverwa nemwaka wekunaya kwemvura wakaoma. Mvura inonaya pagore inowanzova pakati pe800 mm kusvika 1500 mm.
– Miti yeSavanna: Zvirimwa zvemunzvimbo iyi zvine huswa hwakawanda hune miti mishoma kana miti yakapararira. Zvirimwa munzvimbo iyi zvine nzira dzakasiyana dzekurarama munguva refu yekusanaya kwemvura.
– Kupisa Kwakanyanya: Kunyangwe paine mwaka wakaoma uye wemvura, tembiricha munzvimbo iyi inoramba yakakwira mukati megore rose, neavhareji yetembiricha inotangira pa20°C kusvika pa30°C.
3. Mamiriro ekunze emvura inonaya muchando (Am)
Mamiriro ekunze emvura inopisa anowanikwa zvakanyanya kuSouth neSoutheast Asia, kusanganisira nyika dzakadai seIndia, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Thailand, nedzimwe nzvimbo dzeChina. Hunhu hukuru hwemamiriro ekunze aya ndei:
– Mwaka wemvura nemwaka wekusanaya: Mamiriro ekunze aya anoratidzwa nemwaka wekunaya kwemvura kwakanyanya kunokonzerwa nemhepo yemonsoon. Monsoon yekumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumadokero inounza mvura yakawanda munguva yezhizha, nepo monsoon yekumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumadokero inounza mwaka wekusanaya kwemvura munguva yechando. Mvura inonaya pagore inogona kusvika 2000 mm kana kupfuura, asi inopararira zvisina kuenzana.
– Kupisa Kunochinja-chinja: Kunyangwe zvichiri zvakakwirira kupfuura munzvimbo dzinopisa kana dzine mamiriro ekunze akadzikama, kusiyana kwekupisa munzvimbo dzinopisa dzemvura kwakakura kupfuura munzvimbo dzinopisa dzemvura kana nzvimbo dzinopisa dzemasavanna.
Kupesvedzera Kwemamiriro Ekunze Emunzvimbo Dzinopisa Pahupenyu
Nekuti mamiriro ekunze emunzvimbo dzinopisa ane tembiricha yakakwira, mvura inonaya, uye hunyoro, kukanganisa kwazvinoita pahupenyu hwevanhu nenharaunda kwakakosha. Zvimwe zvezvinhu zvikuru zvinosanganisira:
1. Kurima
Mamiriro ekunze ekunze anopa ivhu rakaorera, zvichibvumira kukura kwezvirimwa zvakasiyana-siyana, zvinosanganisira mupunga, chibage, mafuta emuchindwe, koko, nekofi. Zvisinei, kunaya kwemvura yakawanda uye hunyoro zvinogonawo kukonzera matambudziko ezvipembenene nezvirwere zvezvirimwa.
2. Hupenyu Hwemagariro Evanhu Nehutano
Hunyoro hwakawanda uye tembiricha dzinodziya gore rose zvinogadzira mamiriro akanaka ekukura kwezvirwere zvakasiyana-siyana, zvakaita seumhutu hunotakura malaria nedengue fever. Uyezve, hunyoro hwakawanda hunogonawo kuwedzera zvirwere zvekufema.
3. Kusiyana-siyana kwezvipenyu
Nzvimbo dzinopisa, kunyanya masango emvura, ndidzo dzinogara mhuka nemiti zvinodarika hafu yemarudzi epasi rose. Kusiyana-siyana uku kwakaita kuti nzvimbo dzinopisa dzive dzakakosha pahutano hwepasi rose.
4. Kushanya
Nzvimbo dzinopisa dzinowanzova nzvimbo dzinofarirwa nevashanyi nekuda kwemahombekombe adzo akanaka, masango emvura anoyevedza, uye zvirimwa nemhuka dzakasiyana-siyana. Bhizinesi rekushanya chikamu chakakosha chehupfumi hwenyika zhinji dzinopisa.
Mhedziso
Mamiriro ekunze emunzvimbo dzinopisa ane hunhu hwakasiyana-siyana, hunosanganisira tembiricha yepamusoro yegore rose, mvura yakawanda inonaya, uye hunyoro hwakawanda. Mhando huru dzemamiriro ekunze emunzvimbo dzinopisa dzinosanganisira mamiriro ekunze emvura inonaya, mamiriro ekunze emunzvimbo dzinopisa dzemunzvimbo dzinopisa, uye mamiriro ekunze emvura inonaya, imwe neimwe ine hunhu hwayo hwakasiyana uye kupararira kwayo. Simba remamiriro ekunze emunzvimbo dzinopisa pahupenyu hwevanhu nenzvimbo dzakatikomberedza rakakosha, rinosanganisira zvinhu zvekurima, hutano, zvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana, uye kushanya. Kunzwisisa nekuchengetedza kuenzana kwezvakatipoteredza munzvimbo dzinopisa idambudziko guru rekuchengetedza nharaunda mune ramangwana.
