Maitiro Ekududzira Data Kubva kuZviteshi zveMamiriro ekunze
Nzvimbo dzemamiriro ekunze ndiwo "maziso" edu ekunzwisisa mamiriro ekunze nenzira inoyerwa. Kubva kunzvimbo dzemamiriro ekunze—dzingave dziri dzeBMKG (Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysics Agency), masangano ekutsvagisa, mapurazi, maindasitiri, kana vanofarira zvemitambo—tinogona kuwana zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvakaita sekupisa, hunyoro, kumanikidzwa kwemhepo, kunaya kwemvura, kumhanya kwemhepo, uye mwaranzi yezuva. Zvisinei, data risina kubikwa chete harina kukwana. Kuti rive rinobatsira zvechokwadi pakusarudza kwezuva nezuva (semuenzaniso, kusarudza nguva yekudyara, kuronga nguva yekuomesa kukohwa, kana kufanotaura mvura yakawanda inogona kunaya), data racho rinofanira kududzirwa nemazvo. Chinyorwa chino chinokurukura maitiro ekuverenga, kutarisa mhando, uye kuwana zvinorehwa kubva kudata renzvimbo dzemamiriro ekunze.
1. Nzwisisa mhando dzedata nemayuniti
Danho rekutanga nderekuona maparamita ari kuyerwa uye mayuniti ari kushandiswa. Mamwe maparamita akajairika anosanganisira:
– Tembiricha yemhepo (°C): Inowanzo kuyerwa pahurefu hwakajairika hwemamita maviri kubva pasi, munzvimbo yakadzivirirwa kubva kumwaranzi yakananga (ichishandisa dziviriro yemwaranzi).
– Hunyoro (%): Inotsanangura huwandu hwemvura inopfungaira kana ichienzaniswa nehuwandu hwemhepo pakupisa ikoko.
– Kumanikidzwa kwemhepo (hPa kana mb): Kunowanikwa kazhinji sechisimba chechiteshi (panzvimbo yacho) uye kumanikidzwa kwegungwa (MSLP).
– Mvura inonaya (mm): Kuunganidzwa kwemvura mumadonhwe emvura munguva yakatarwa (semuenzaniso pamaminitsi gumi, paawa, kana pazuva).
– Mhepo inomhanyisa (m/s, km/h, kana mapfundo) uye gwara (madhigirii kana mapoinzi makuru): Kazhinji inoyerwa pahurefu hwakajairika hwemamita gumi munzvimbo yakashama.
– Mwaranzi yezuva (W/m²) kana nguva yekusvikwa (maawa): Inobatsira pakuongorora simba rezuva, kurima, uye evapotranspiration.
– Dova (°C): Tembiricha iyo mhepo inozara uye mhute yemvura inotanga kuungana; chiratidzo chakasimba che "huwandu hwemhute yemvura" kupfuura hunyoro.
Iva nechokwadi chekuti unoenderana nemayuniti ako. Kududzirwa zvisirizvo kunowanzoitika kana uchisanganisa mm/awa ne mm/zuva, kana m/s ne km/h.
2. Teererai kugadziriswa kwenguva uye nzira yekuunganidza.
Ruzivo rwenzvimbo dzemamiriro ekunze runogona kunyorwa paminiti, maminetsi mashanu, maminetsi gumi, awa imwe neimwe, kana zuva nezuva. Dudziro inosiyana zvichienderana nemhinduro:
– Ruzivo rupfupi (maminetsi 1–10) rwakakodzera kuona zviitiko zvinokurumidza zvakaita semvura inonaya kamwe kamwe kana mhepo ine simba.
- Ruzivo rweawa rega rega rwekuongorora mafambiro emukati mezuva (maitiro ezuva nezuva).
– Ruzivo rwezuva nezuva rwakakodzera kupfupiso dzemamiriro ekunze (semuenzaniso huwandu hwemvura inonaya zuva nezuva, tembiricha yepamusoro uye yepasi).
Zvakakoshawo kunzwisisa tsananguro yeshoko rekuti "zuva nezuva." Dzimwe nzvimbo dzinoverenga mazuva kubva na12:00 AM kusvika pakati pehusiku nguva yemuno, nepo dzimwe dzichishandisa nguva yakatarwa yekucherechedza (semuenzaniso, 7:00 AM kusvika 7:00 AM). Izvi zvakakosha pakuenzanisa data pakati penzvimbo kana kugadzirira mishumo yemwedzi nemwedzi.
3. Ita basa rekutonga mhando yedata
Usati wafunga nezvezvinhu, ongorora hunhu hwenyaya yacho zviri nyore:
1. Tarisa kana paine zvinhu zvisipo: Pane nguva dzisina chinhu here nekuda kwekudzimwa kwemagetsi, kutadza kushanda kwemidziyo, kana kuti kutaurirana kusina kunaka?
2. Tarisa kana paine zvinhu zvisina kunaka zvakanyanya: Semuenzaniso, tembiricha ye60°C munzvimbo ine makomo, hunyoro hwe0% kwenguva yakareba, kana mvura isina kunaya zvakanaka.
3. Kukwira kamwe kamwe kwenhamba: Nhamba dzinosvetuka kure nepatani yakajairika dzinogona kuitika nekuti sensor yakanganiswa, short-circuit, kana kuti calibration ine dambudziko.
4. Kuenderana pakati pezvinhu zvinoshanduka:
– Kana hunyoro hwakakwira uye tembiricha ikadonha pedyo nenzvimbo ine dova, mhute/dova zvinowanzoonekwa.
– Kana mvura ichinaya yakawanda asi hunyoro huri hushoma uye denga rakajeka (zvichienderana nemwaranzi yakawanda), panogona kunge paine kukanganisa kwebhaketi kana kukanganisa kwemuchina.
5. Enzanisa nezviteshi zviri pedyo: Kana chiteshi A chikaratidza kuti mvura inonaya inosvika 80 mm, nepo zviteshi zvese zviri pakati pe 0–5 mm, zvinoda kuongororwa (kunyange zvazvo mvura yemuno ichigoneka, kunyanya munzvimbo dzinotenderera).
Kudzora mhando hakufanirwe kuve kwakaoma. Kunyangwe kuongorora chati yenhevedzano yenguva nemaziso kazhinji kunokwana kuona zvisina kurongeka.
4. Kududzira tembiricha: zvinopfuura kungo "pisa" kana "kutonhora"
Tembiricha dzinowanzoita maitiro ezuva nezuva: zvishoma kusvika mangwanani, zvakanyanya masikati kusvika manheru. Maitiro ekuverenga tembiricha zvine musoro:
– Tembiricha yepamusoro uye yepasi pese inobatsira kuongorora kupisa kwevanhu/zvipfuyo pamwe nenjodzi yechando (mune dzimwe nzvimbo).
– Kureba kwekupisa kwezuva nezuva: Kureba kukuru kunowanzoitika kana denga rakajeka uye mhepo yakaoma; kureba kudiki kunowanzoitika kana kuine makore kana hunyoro.
– Mafambiro emazuva mazhinji: Kuwedzera kwekupisa zvishoma nezvishoma kunogona kuratidza huremu hwemhepo inodziya kana kudzikira kwefukidziro yegore; kudzikira kukuru kunogona kunge kwakabatana nemvura, mhepo ine simba, kana kuchinja kwehuremu hwemhepo.
Pakurima, tembiricha shoma usiku dzakakoshawo nekuti dzinogona kuwedzera kufema kwezvirimwa uye kukanganisa kutumbuka kwemaruva mune zvimwe zvigadzirwa.
5. Hunyoro uye dova: nzwisisa "kunzwa" kwemhepo
Hunyoro hunowanzo nzwisiswa zvisina kunaka. Mhepo ine hunyoro hwe70% pa18°C inonzwika zvakasiyana nemhepo ine hunyoro hwe70% pa32°C. Nekuti hunyoro hunoenderana nekupisa, dova rinowanzo batsira zvikuru pakuongorora huwandu hwemvura inopfungaira.
Mirayiridzo inoshanda:
– Dova riri padanho remvura > 24°C: mhepo ine hunyoro hwakawanda, inogona kupisa zvakanyanya.
– Dova riri pakati pe 20–24°C: hunyoro.
– Dova riri pasi pe 16°C: rakanaka/rakaoma (zvichienderana nemamiriro enzvimbo). Kusanganiswa kwehunyoro hwakawanda nemhepo shoma kunowedzera mukana wemhute, kunyanya kana tembiricha dzichidonha pedyo nenzvimbo yedova husiku. 6. Kumanikidzwa kwemhepo: chiratidzo chekuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze Kumanikidzwa kwemhepo kunobatsira kuverenga mamiriro ekunze akafara: - Kumanikidzwa kunokurumidza kudonha kunowanzobatanidzwa nekusvika kwemamiriro ekunze (semuenzaniso, dutu, nzvimbo ine kumanikidzwa kwakaderera, kana nyonganyonga yenzvimbo dzinopisa). - Kumanikidzwa kunowedzera kunowanzo ratidza kuvandudzika kwemamiriro ekunze kana kutonga kwemhepo kwakasimba. Zvisinei, kududzira kumanikidzwa kunoda kufunga nezvenzvimbo (kukwirira) uye kutenderera kwezuva nezuva (kumanikidzwa kunewo musiyano wechisikigo wezuva nezuva munzvimbo dzinopisa). Naizvozvo, chinonyanya kukosha mafambiro (kukwira/kudonha nekumhanya), kwete nhamba chete. 7. Kunaya kwemvura: kusiyanisa pakati pekusimba, nguva, uye kuunganidzwa kwemvura Kudonha kwemvura kunogona kuverengwa nenzira nhatu: 1. Kuunganidzwa kwemvura (semuenzaniso, huwandu hwezuva nezuva/mwedzi): kwakakosha pakuenzana kwemvura, kurima, uye kutarisira matangi emvura. 2. Kusimba (mm/h): kwakakosha panjodzi yemafashamo, mvura inoyerera, uye kukurwa kwevhu. 3. Nguva: Kunaya kwemvura kwenguva refu kunogona kukanganisa zvakanyanya semvura pfupi, yakawanda, zvichienderana nemamiriro evhu uye mvura inoyerera. Fungawo nezverudzi rwesensa yemvura. Nzvimbo zhinji dzinoshandisa magasi emvura, izvo zvinogona kunge zvisina kururama panguva yemvura yakawanda kana paine mhepo ine simba (isingabatike zvakanyanya). Kana zvichibvira, enzanisa negeji yemvura yemaoko kuti uverenge. 8. Mhepo: gwara, kumhanya kweavhareji, uye gust Mhepo inowanzo kuratidzwa se: - Avhareji yekumhanya pamusoro penguva yakatarwa (semuenzaniso, maminetsi gumi). - Gust yepamusoro, iyo inomiririra peak pfupi mukati menguva.
