Mashandisirwo eUpfu hweSimbi muIndasitiri
Upfu hwesimbi chinhu chiri muchimiro chezvidimbu zvidiki zvesimbi yakachena kana alloy zvinogadzirwa kuburikidza nemaitiro emuviri kana emakemikari. Mumakumi emakore achangopfuura, kushandiswa kweupfu hwesimbi kwakawedzera nekukurumidza nekuda kwekukwanisa kwayo kupa kugona kwekugadzira, kuchinjika kwedhizaini, uye hunhu hwezvinhu zvinogona kugadziriswa zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa. Upfu hwesimbi ndihwo hwaro hwematekinoroji akasiyana-siyana ekugadzira emazuva ano, kubva pakugadzira upfu uye kudhinda kwesimbi ye3D (kuwedzera kugadzirwa), kuputira pamusoro, kusvika pakushandiswa kwemakemikari nesimba. Chinyorwa chino chinotaura nezvekushandiswa kweupfu hwesimbi muzvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana zvemaindasitiri, mabhenefiti ahwo, nematambudziko anofanirwa kugadziriswa.
1. Kugadzira Upfu neMafuta
Nzira inonyanya kushandiswa pakugadzira hupfu hwesimbi ndeyekugadzira hupfu hwesimbi. Nzira iyi inowanzo sanganisira kusanganisa hupfu, kuhubatanidza (kuhudzvanya) muchimiro, uye wozoisa hupfu (kudziyisa pasi penzvimbo yekunyunguduka) kuti ubatanidze zvidimbu zvacho kuita chinhu chakasimba. Chinhu chikuru chinobatsira pakugadzira hupfu hwesimbi kugona kwayo kugadzira zvinhu zvine simba uye marara mashoma zvichienzaniswa nekugadzira zvinhu zvemazuva ano.
Muindasitiri yemotokari, tekinoroji iyi inoshandiswa zvakanyanya kugadzira magiya, mabushing, masprocket, zvikamu zve transmission, uye zvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana zvidiki kusvika zvepakati nepakati. Zvizhinji zvezvikamu izvi zvinoda simba guru asi zvinogadzirwa zvakawanda kwazvo. Kugadzira upfu kunobvumira vagadziri kuderedza mari yeyuniti uye kubvisa matanho ekugadzirisa mamwe.
Pamusoro pezvo, maitiro aya anobvumira kugadzirwa kwezvinhu zvine maburi, zvakaita semabheringi anozvizora ega. Zvigadzirwa izvi zvinoshandisa ma micropores ari muchinhu chakapiswa kuti zvichengetedze mafuta, zvichiita kuti akwanise kushandiswa zvisingade kugadziriswa zvakanyanya.
2. Kugadzira Zvimwe (Kudhinda Simbi ye3D)
Imwe nzira yakakosha mukushandiswa kwehupfu hwesimbi nhasi ndeyekugadzira zvinhu zvinowedzerwa (AM), kana kuti 3D metal printing. Matekinoroji akadai seSelective Laser Melting (SLM), Direct Metal Laser Sintering (DMLS), uye Electron Beam Melting (EBM) anoshandisa hupfu hwesimbi sezvinhu zvakagadziriswa, izvo zvinozonyungudutswa kana kusanganiswa nechikamu chimwe nechimwe.
Chinhu chikuru chinobatsira cheAM kusununguka pakugadzira. Zvikamu zvinogona kugadzirwa nejometri dzakaoma kunzwisisa dzakaoma kana dzisingagoneki kuburikidza nekugadzira kwechinyakare, dzakadai senzira dzemukati, magadzirirwo elattice ekuderedza huremu, uye maumbirwo eorganic akagadziridzwa kuburikidza nesimulation. Izvi zvinonyanya kubatsira muindasitiri yendege, uko kuderedza huremu hwezvikamu kunoshandura kuchengetedza mafuta uye kushanda zvakanaka.
Muindasitiri yezvekurapa, upfu hwetitanium alloy hunowanzo shandiswa kuumba ma implant emapfupa nemazino. Ma implant anogona kugadziriswa zvichienderana nemuviri wemurwere, uye chimiro chepamusoro chinogona kugadzirwa kuti chive nemazino kuti zvive nyore kubatanidza osseo, kukura kwemapfupa akakomberedza implant.
Zvisinei, AM inodawo kudzorwa kwakasimba kwemhando. Saizi yezvikamu, kupararira kwehukuru, denderedzwa, huwandu hweokisijeni, uye kuchena kwehupfu zvinokanganisa zvakanyanya kunaka kwezvinyorwa.
3. Kuvhara pamusoro uye Kudzivirira Kuora
Upfu hwesimbi hunoshandiswawo zvakanyanya pakuputira pamusoro pechinhu kuburikidza nemaitiro ekupfapfaidza nekupisa, senge plasma spray, HVOF (High Velocity Oxygen Fuel), uye flame spraying. Munzira idzi, upfu hunodziiswa uye hunoiswa pamusoro pechinhu kuti hugadzire layer inodzivirira kana inoshanda.
Mashandisirwo ekuputira akakosha muindasitiri yemafuta negesi, kugadzira magetsi, uye kugadzira michina inorema. Zvikamu zvinoshanda munzvimbo dzinopisa zvakanyanya, munzvimbo dzine ngura, kana dzinokweshwa zvinogona kuchengetedzwa kuti zviwedzere hupenyu hwazvo hwekushanda. Mienzaniso inosanganisira machira akavakirwa panickel ekudzivirira kupisa uye oxidation, kana machira akavakirwa patungsten carbide ekudzivirira kupisa zvakanyanya.
Pamusoro pekuwedzera kusimba kwemvura pamusoro, machira akagadzirwa nehupfu hwesimbi anogonawo kupa mabasa akakosha, semuenzaniso kuwedzera kufambiswa kwemagetsi, kuwedzera kupenya, kana kugadzira chivharo chekudzivirira kupisa pamaturbine.
4. Indasitiri yeMagetsi neKufambisa Makomputa
Muindasitiri yezvemagetsi, hupfu hwesimbi hwakaita sesirivha, mhangura, uye nickel hunoshandiswa sezvinhu zvinofambisa magetsi mumapastes emagetsi, inki dzinofambisa magetsi, uye zvikamu zvinopisa zvishoma. Mashandisirwo aya ari kuramba achikosha sezvo michina yemagetsi ichiva midiki, inochinjika, uye isingashandise simba zvakanyanya.
Semuenzaniso, inki dzinofambisa mhepo dzinobva paupfu hwesirivha dzinoshandiswa mumagetsi akadhindwa kugadzira nzira dzinofambisa mhepo dzinobva papolymer substrates. Upfu hwemhangura, panguva iyi, hunodhura zvishoma, kunyangwe zvichinetsa nekuti hunonyungudika nyore nyore uye hunoda dziviriro yakakosha kana kuti mafomura.
Upfu hwesimbi hunoshandiswawo mukugadzira zvinhu zvemagineti, zvakaita se inductor cores kana zvikamu zve electric motor. Upfu hwesimbi kana alloys dzayo zvinogona kugadzirwa kuita zvinhu zvemagineti zvakapfava zvine hunhu hwakanaka hwekuderedza kurasikirwa pama frequency chaiwo.
5. MaCatalysts uye Maitiro Emakemikari Emaindasitiri
Mamwe mapoda esimbi anoshanda semacatalysts muindasitiri yemakemikari. Semuenzaniso, nickel, platinum, palladium, kana copper powders zvinoshandiswa kukurumidzisa hydrogenation, oxidation, kana reforming reactions. Padanho remaindasitiri, macatalysts anowanzogadzirwa mumhando dzinowedzera nzvimbo yawo yepamusoro, uye mapoda esimbi—angave akacheneswa kana akapararira pakutsigira—anofarirwa nekuda kwekuita kwawo zvakanyanya.
Mukugadzirwa kwemakemikari epetrochemical nemakemikari ekutanga, ma "catalysts" akavakirwa pasimbi anobatsira kuwedzera kushanda zvakanaka kwe "reaction", kuderedza kushandiswa kwesimba, uye kudzora kusarudza chigadzirwa. Kunyange hazvo kushandiswa kwesimbi dzinokosha kuchidhura, mabhenefiti acho anowanzo kukosha, sezvo ma "catalysts" achigona kugadzurwa uye goho rekugadzira rinogona kuwedzerwa.
6. Simba: Mabhatiri, Masero eFuel, uye Matekinoroji Matsva
Indasitiri yesimba inoshandisawo hupfu hwesimbi. Mumabhatiri, mamwe hupfu hwesimbi hunoshandiswa sezvinhu zvemagetsi kana zvimwe zvinofambisa mhepo. Semuenzaniso, hupfu hwenickel hunoshandiswa mune mamwe marudzi emabhatiri, nepo mhangura ichishandiswa semuunganidzi wemagetsi. Mumafuel cell nemaelectrolyzer, zvinhu zvakagadzirwa nehupfu hwesimbi zvinoshandiswawo sezvinhu zvinokonzeresa kana zvikamu zveelectrode.
Pamusoro pezvo, upfu hwearuminiyamu nemagnesium hunoshandiswa mukushandiswa kwakasiyana-siyana kwesimba nekuda kwekuita kwavo uye kuwanda kwesimba. Mukutsvaga, upfu hwesimbi huri kuongororwawo kuti huchengetedze simba uye hugadzirwe nehydrogen kuburikidza nekuita kwakanangana, kunyangwe kushandiswa kwahwo kuchienderana nekuchengetedzeka, mutengo, uye kugadzikana kwemaitiro.
7. Indasitiri yeDziviriro neZvishandiso Zvakakosha
Upfu hwesimbi hunoita basa rakakosha mukugadzirwa kwezvinhu zvakakosha zvakaita sema alloys ane simba guru, simbi matrix composites, uye zvinhu zvakagadzirwa ne gradient. Muindasitiri yekudzivirira, zvinhu zvakagadzirwa neupfu zvinogona kushandiswa kune zvikamu zvechivakwa zvakareruka, zvikamu zvezvombo, kana mamwe masisitimu ekudzivirira, kunyanya kana zvichidikanwa musanganiswa wesimba, kuomarara, uye kuderedza huremu.
Tekinoroji yeupfu inogonesawo kugadzirwa kwezvinhu zvakaoma kugadzira uchishandisa nzira dzekukanda, zvakaita sema alloys ane nzvimbo dzakanyanya kunyunguduka kana zvinhu zvinopatsanurwa zviri nyore panguva yekuoma. Saka, hupfu hwesimbi hunovhura sarudzo itsva, dzakagadzikana uye dzakafanana dzezvinhu.
8. Matambudziko: Hunhu, Kuchengetedzeka, uye Kugara Kwenguva Refu
Pasinei nekushandiswa kwayo kwakakura, kushandiswa kweupfu hwesimbi kunosangana nematambudziko. Chekutanga, hunhu hweupfu hwakakosha kune chigadzirwa chekupedzisira. Zvinhu zvakaita sehukuru hwezvimedu uye chimiro, huwandu hweokisijeni, huwandu hwehunyoro, uye kusvibiswa zvinofanirwa kudzorwa zvakanyanya. Chechipiri, kuchengetedzeka pabasa inyaya huru nekuti hupfu hwesimbi hwakatsetseka, kunyanya aruminiyamu, magnesium, uye titanium, hunogona kutsva kana kuputika pasi pemamwe mamiriro ezvinhu. Nokudaro, indasitiri iyi inoshandisa mitemo yakasimba yekubata, kuchengetedza, kufefetedza, uye masisitimu ekudzora guruva.
Chechitatu, kubva pakuona kwekuchengetedza nguva, kugadzirwa kweupfu hwesimbi kunoda simba uye haisi nzira iri nyore nguva dzose. Zvisinei, upfu hwesimbi hunogonawo kutsigira kushanda zvakanaka kwezvinhu nekuderedza marara, zvichiita kuti upfu hudzokororwe mune mamwe maitiro (semuenzaniso, mamwe masisitimu ekudhinda e3D), uye kuwedzera hupenyu hwezvikamu kuburikidza nekuputira.
Mhedziso
Upfu hwesimbi hwave zvinhu zvakakosha mumaindasitiri akasiyana-siyana emazuva ano. Kubva pakugadzirwa kwakawanda kuburikidza nekugadzira simbi yeupfu, kugadzira kwepamusoro-soro nekudhinda kwesimbi ye3D, kufukidza pamusoro kuti igare kwenguva refu, kusvika pakushandiswa mumagetsi, macatalysts, uye simba—zvose zvinoratidza kuti upfu hwesimbi hahusi zvinhu zvekugadzira chete, asi hunobatsira tekinoroji. Tichitarisa mberi, kudzora hunhu hweupfu, kugadzirwa kwezvishandiso zvitsva, uye kushandiswa kwemitemo yekuchengetedza nekuchengetedza zvichawedzera kusarudza basa reupfu hwesimbi mukusimbisa kukwikwidzana kwemaindasitiri.
Kana muchida, ndinogonawo kugadzirisa chinyorwa ichi kuti chienderane nemamiriro ezvinhu chaiwo (semuenzaniso indasitiri yemotokari yeIndonesia, chidzidzo chekambani, kana kuwedzera bhuku remabhuku nereferensi yesainzi).
