Mashandisirwo eSimbi muIndasitiri yeMagetsi
Indasitiri yemazuva ano yemagetsi yakabatana zvakanyanya nekushandiswa kwesimbi muzvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana. Simbi dzinoita basa rakakosha, kubva pakuva chinhu chikuru chezvikamu zve semiconductor kusvika kuzvinhu zvekuvaka zvemidziyo. Nekuwedzera kuri kudiwa kwezvigadzirwa zvemagetsi zvakanyanyisa uye zvinoshanda, kunzwisisa kwakakwana kwekushandiswa kwesimbi kwakakosha. Chinyorwa chino chichakurukura mhando dzakasiyana dzesimbi dzinoshandiswa muindasitiri yemagetsi, mashandisirwo adzo, uye zvikonzero zvekusarudza kwadzo.
Mhando dzeSimbi Dzinoshandiswa
Kune mhando dzakawanda dzesimbi dzinoshandiswa muindasitiri yezvemagetsi, imwe neimwe ichipa hunhu hwakasiyana uye mabhenefiti. Dzimwe dzesimbi dzinonyanya kushandiswa dzinosanganisira:
1. Mhangura (Cu)
– Hunhu uye Mashandisirwo: Mhangura ine simba rekufambisa magetsi zvakanaka, zvichiita kuti ive sarudzo huru yekugadzira tambo dzemagetsi nenzira dzemasekete pamabhodhi edunhu akadhindwa (PCBs). Mhangura inoshandiswawo muzvinhu zvemagetsi zvakaita serelay nemota.
– Zvakanakira: Kufambisa magetsi zvakanyanya uye kupisa, hunhu hwakanaka hwemakanika uye nyore kugadzira.
2. Aruminiyamu (Al)
– Hunhu uye Mashandisirwo: Aruminiyamu inoshandiswa zvakanyanya muindasitiri yemagetsi, kunyanya nekuda kwehuremu hwayo hwakareruka uye kufambisa magetsi zvakanaka. Aruminiyamu inowanzo shandiswa muma heatsinks, ma electronic device housings, uye mune dzimwe nzira dze circuit.
– Zvakanakira: Haisi kureruka, haibati kupisa zvakanaka, haikanganiswi nengura, uye mutengo wayo wakaderera kana tichienzanisa nemhangura.
3. Goridhe (Au) neSirivha (Ag)
– Hunhu uye Mashandisirwo: Ndarama nesirivha zvinoshandiswa mumagetsi nekubatanidza magetsi nekuda kwekufambisa kwawo magetsi zvakanyanya uye kuramba kuoxidation.
– Zvakanakira: Inofambisa mvura zvakanyanya, haikurumidzi kuoxidized, uye ine electromechanical integrity yakanaka.
4. Nickel (Ni)
– Hunhu uye Mashandisirwo: Nickel inowanzoshandiswa sechinhu chinofukidza zvinhu zvemagetsi kuti iwedzere kuramba ngura nekupfekwa. Nickel inoshandiswawo mumabhatiri, akadai semabhatiri eNiMH (Nickel-Metal Hydride).
– Zvakanakira: Inodzivirira ngura, ine hunhu hwakasimba hwemakanika, uye inofambisa magetsi zvakanaka.
5. Tungsten (W)
– Hunhu uye Mashandisirwo: Tungsten, ine nzvimbo yayo yekunyunguduka yakanyanya, inoshandiswa mukushandiswa kunoda kuramba kupisa kwakanyanya uye kuramba kupfeka, senge mune filaments dzemarambi uye ma semiconductor emagetsi.
– Zvakanakira: Inonyunguduka zvakanyanya, haipfeki zvakanyanya, uye inofambisa zvakanaka kupisa.
Mashandisirwo muSemiconductors
MaSemiconductor ndiwo musimboti wetekinoroji yemazuva ano yemagetsi, kusanganisira makombiyuta, nharembozha, nezvimwe zvishandiso zvedhijitari. MaSemiconductor anoda simbi kuti ashande zvakanaka:
– Kubatana: Mhangura nearuminiyamu zvinoshandiswa muzvikamu zvekubatanidza zvemachipisi e semiconductor. Mhangura inofarirwa nekuda kwekufambisa kwayo zvakanyanya, asi aruminiyamu inoramba ichishandiswa nekuda kwemutengo wayo wakaderera.
– MaOhmic Contacts: Simbi dzakadai senickel, goridhe, nesirivha dzinoshandiswa kugadzira kubatana kwemagetsi zvinobudirira nezvinhu zve semiconductor.
– Zvidimbu zvesimbi neEpitaxy: Simbi dzinoshandiswawo muzvikamu zvesimbi uye maitiro eepitaxy kukura zvikamu zve semiconductor nekudzora kwakanyatsojeka.
Mashandisirwo muSitoreji Yesimba
Simbi dzinoita basa rakakosha muhunyanzvi hwekuchengetedza simba, hwakadai semabhatiri nema supercapacitors:
– Mabhatiri eLithium-Ion: Mumhando iyi yebhatiri, simbi dzakadai secobalt, nickel, uye manganese dzinoshandiswa sezvinhu zve electrode. Panguva imwe chete, mhangura inoshandiswa semuunganidzi wemagetsi pa anode, uye aruminiyamu inoshandiswa pa cathode.
– Bhatiri reNiMH: Bhatiri reNickel-Metal Hydride rinoshandisa hydrogen metal electrode uye nickel oxide electrode sezvinhu zvikuru, richishandisa hunhu hwe electro-chemical hwenickel.
– Supercapacitors: Inoshandiswa pakuchengetedza simba rine simba rakawanda, supercapacitors inowanzo shandisa simbi dzakadai searuminiyamu pafuremu nemaerekitirodhi.
Mashandisirwo muMidziyo yeVatengi
Mumidziyo yemagetsi inoshandiswa nevatengi yakadai semafoni, malaptop, uye materevhizheni, simbi dzinoita mabasa maviri semaumbirwo emakanika uye zvikamu zvinoshanda:
– Furemu neChassis: Simbi dzakadai searuminiyamu, magnesium, uye titanium alloys dzinoshandiswa mufuremu nechassis yemidziyo kuti dzipe simba uye kugara kwenguva refu ukuwo huremu huchiramba hwakaderera.
– Heatsinks uye Kutarisira Kupisa: Aluminium nemhangura zvinowanzo shandiswa muma heatsinks kudzora kupisa kunogadzirwa nezvinhu zvemagetsi, kunyanya muma CPU nema GPU.
– Zvinobatanidza uye Zvinobatana: Goridhe, sirivha, uye palladium zvinowanzo shandiswa mumakondirakita uye zvinobatana nekuda kwekuti zvinofambisa mhepo zvakanyanya uye hazvipindi ngura.
Kufambira Mberi uye Kugadzira Zvinhu Zvitsva
Kuvandudzwa kwekugadzirwa kwesimbi uye matekiniki ekugadzira zvinhu kuri kuramba kuchienderera mberi nekutsanangura zvinogona kuitwa nesimbi mukushandiswa kwemagetsi:
– Nanotechnology: Kushandiswa kwesimbi nanoparticles, dzakadai sesirivha nanoparticles, kunobvumira kuvandudzwa kukuru muzvinhu zvinofambisa kupisa uye zvinogadzirisa.
– Simbi Dzakasanganiswa: Simbi itsva dzine hunhu hwakagadziriswa zvakanyanya dziri kugadzirwa kuti dzishandiswe zvakanyanya, senge alloys dzine simba guru rekufambisa kana kuti dzisanyanya kupisa.
– Matekiniki Ekugadzira Zvinodhaka: Kudhinda kwesimbi mu3D kuri kuongororwa kuti zvigoneke kugadzira zvikamu zvemagetsi zvakaoma uye zvine hungwaru.
Matambudziko Ezvakatipoteredza uye Zvaunofanira Kufunga Nezvedu
Kunyangwe simbi dziri chinhu chakakosha, kushandiswa kwadzo kunewo matambudziko, kunyanya panyaya yekuchengetedza nharaunda uye kukanganisa nharaunda:
– Zviwanikwa Zvishoma: Dzimwe simbi, dzakadai segoridhe nelithium, hadzina kuwanikwa zvakakwana uye kuchera kwadzo kunogona kukanganisa nharaunda.
– Kudzokorodza: Indasitiri yezvemagetsi inoda kuvandudzwa mumabasa ekudzokorodza simbi kuti kuderedze kukanganiswa kwekabhoni uye kushandiswa kwezviwanikwa zvechisikigo.
– Kuchengetedzeka uye Kutevedzera Mutemo: Kushandiswa kwesimbi kunofanirwa kutevedzera mitemo yakasiyana-siyana yepasi rose ine chekuita nehutano hwebasa nenjodzi.
Mhedziso
Simbi ndiyo musimboti weindasitiri yezvemagetsi, ichipa hunhu hwakasiyana-siyana hunokosha pakushanda uye kushanda. Kushandiswa kwesimbi dzakasiyana-siyana dzakadai semhangura, aruminiyamu, goridhe, sirivha, nickel, uye tungsten kunoratidza kuti chinhu chimwe nechimwe chinoita basa rakasiyana mukusimudzira kushanda, kugara kwenguva refu, uye kushanda kwemidziyo yemagetsi. Nekuenderera mberi kwekuvandudzwa uye tekinoroji, mukana wesimbi mukushandiswa kwezvemagetsi ucharamba uchikura. Zvisinei, zvakakoshawo kufunga nezvekuchengetedzeka uye kukanganisa kwekushandiswa kwadzo munzvimbo dzakatikomberedza. Kuburikidza nekunzwisisa kwakadzama uye kuvandudzwa kunoramba kuripo, indasitiri yezvemagetsi inogona kuramba ichifambira mberi nekushandisa simba rakazara resimbi zvine mutoro uye zvinobudirira.
