Musiyano uripo pakati peinjini yeOtto neinjini yeDiesel

# Musiyano uripo pakati peOtto Engines neDiesel Engines

Injini dzinopisa mukati ndidzo dziri pakati pemotokari zhinji dzatinoshandisa zuva nezuva, kusanganisira mota, marori, zvikepe, uye michina inorema yakawanda. Kune mhando dzakasiyana dzeinjini dzinopisa mukati, asi mbiri dzakakurumbira iinjini yeOtto neinjini yeDiesel. Kunyangwe dzese dzichishanda zvakasiyana, dzinovimba nepfungwa huru yekupisa mafuta mu cylinder kuti dzigadzire simba. Chinyorwa chino chichakurukura musiyano mukuru uripo pakati peinjini dzeOtto neinjini dzeDiesel, tichitarisa magadzirirwo, mashandiro, uye kushanda zvakanaka kwemafuta.

## Nhoroondo Pfupi yeOtto neDiesel Engines

Injini yeOtto yakatanga kugadzirwa naNikolaus Otto muna 1876. Injini iyi injini yekupisa ine simba rema stroke mana inomhanya nepeturu. Injini iyi yakatumidzwa zita rekuti "Otto" kubva pamugadziri wayo.

Kune rumwe rutivi, injini yedhiziri yakagadzirwa naRudolf Diesel muna 1892. Injini iyi inoshandisa mafuta edhiziri uye inozivikanwa nekushanda kwayo nesimba pakupisa. Zita rekuti Diesel rakashandiswa kukudza muvambi wayo.

## Musimboti webasa

### Injini yeOtto

Injini yeOtto inoshanda paOtto cycle, ine ma stroke mana: intake, compression, power, uye exhaust.

1. Kudya: Mukurova uku, vharuvhu yekudya inovhurika uye piston inodzika pasi, ichisveta mhepo nemusanganiswa wemafuta mu cylinder.
2. Kudzvanya: Mavharuvhu ekupinda nekubuda kwemhepo anovharwa, uye piston inokwira kumusoro, ichidzvanya musanganiswa wemhepo nemafuta.
3. Simba: Kana piston yasvika pakati pemvura (TDC), chivharo chemoto chinobatidza musanganiswa wemhepo nemafuta, zvichikonzera kuputika kunosundira piston pasi uye kunoburitsa simba.
4. Chinoburitsa hutsi: Piston inokwira zvakare, ichisunda gasi rekuburitsa hutsi kubva musirindiri nepavharuvhu yekuburitsa hutsi.

### Injini yeDziziri

Injini dzedhiziri dzinoshanda panguva yeDiesel cycle uye dzine ma stroke mana akafanana neinjini yeOtto, asi musiyano mukuru uri wekuti mafuta anosanganiswa uye anopiswa sei:

1. Kupinda: Vharuvhu yekupinza inovhurika uye piston inodzika, ichisveta mweya wakachena musirindiri.
2. Kudzvanya: Mavharuvhu ekupinda nekuburitsa mweya anovharwa, uye piston inodzvanya mhepo kusvika padanho repamusoro, zvichiita kuti tembiricha dziwedzere.
3. Simba: Mafuta edhiziri anopinzwa zvakananga mumhepo yakamanikidzwa iri musirindiri. Nekuda kwekupisa kwakanyanya kwemhepo, mafuta acho anobatidza ipapo ipapo, zvichikonzera kuputika kunosundira piston pasi uye kunoburitsa simba.
4. Chinoburitsa hutsi: Piston inokwira kumusoro, ichisunda gasi rinoburitsa hutsi kubva musirindiri nepavharuvhu inoburitsa hutsi.

## Kushanda Nesimba Kwekupisa Uye Hupfumi

### Kushanda Nesimba Kwekupisa

Injini dzedhiziri dzinowanzo shanda zvakanaka kupfuura mainjini eOtto. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti mainjini edhiziri anoshanda nechiyero chepamusoro chekumanikidzwa, izvo zvinowedzera kushanda zvakanaka kwekupisa. Kushanda zvakanaka kwekupisa kunoreva kuti simba shoma rinorasika kana kupisa kuchipisa uye simba rakawanda rinoshandurwa kuita simba remakanika.

### Kushanda Nemafuta Zvakanaka

Kushanda zvakanaka kwemafuta ndeimwe yezvakanakira mainjini edhiziri. Mafuta edhiziri ane simba rakawanda kupfuura peturu, zvichireva kuti anogona kugadzira simba rakawanda pa litre imwe neimwe yemafuta. Uyezve, nekuda kwekushanda zvakanaka kwemafuta, mainjini edhiziri anoshandisa mafuta mashoma pane mainjini eOtto.

Zvisinei, mafuta edhiziri anowanzo kudhura kupfuura peturu mune dzimwe nzvimbo, uye mainjini edhiziri anowanzo da kugadziriswa kwakasimba uye kunodhura. Injini dzeOtto, kune rumwe rutivi, dzinowanzo kuve nyore mukugadzira nekugadzirisa, kunyangwe dzichishandisa mafuta akawanda.

## Hutsi Hunobuda Mumhepo Nezvakatipoteredza

### Injini yeOtto

Injini dzeOtto dzinowanzoburitsa nitrogen oxides (NOx) nemahydrocarbons akawanda nekuda kwekupisa kwakaderera uye musanganiswa wemafuta nepeturu wakakwira. Kunyangwe tekinoroji yekuchinja mashandisirwo emagetsi ichigona kuderedza kusvibiswa uku, mainjini eOtto achiri kupa zvakanyanya kusvibiswa kwemhepo kupfuura mainjini edhiziri.

### Injini yeDziziri

Mainjini edhiziri anogadzira zvinhu zvakawanda, zvinozivikanwa sesoot, uye kuburitsa kwakawanda kweNOx. Kuti zvigadziriswe izvi, mainjini mazhinji edhiziri emazuva ano ane mafirita eparticulate uye masisitimu ekusarudza catalytic reduction (SCR) anoshandisa urea kuderedza NOx. Kunyangwe kuburitsa kweCO2 kubva muinjini dzedhiziri kuchiwanzova kwakaderera pane kunobva muinjini dzeOtto, kuburitsa kwakawanda kweNOx neguruva remvura kunounza matambudziko ezvakatipoteredza.

## Kushanda

### Injini yeOtto

Injini dzeOtto dzinowanzo gadzira kumhanya kwakanyanya kweinjini (RPM) kupfuura mainjini edhiziri. Izvi zvinoita kuti dzive dzakakodzera mota dzinoda kukurumidza nekukurumidza uye kushanda kwepamusoro, dzakadai semota dzemitambo nedzimwe mota dzakareruka.

### Injini yeDziziri

Injini dzedhiziri dzinowanzo buritsa torque yakakura pakuderedza marevhesi. Izvi zvinoita kuti dzive dzakanakira mota dzinorema uye mashandisirwo emabhizimisi anoda simba rekudhonza rakawanda, senge marori, mabhazi, nemidziyo inorema.

## Mashandisirwo uye Mashandisirwo

### Injini yeOtto

Nekuda kwehunhu hwadzo hwekushanda, mainjini eOtto anonyanya kushandiswa mumotokari diki nemidziyo midiki. Mota dzevatakuri, midhudhudhu, nemimwe michina midiki zvinowanzoshandisa mainjini eOtto. Zvakanakira mainjini eOtto mukumhanya nekukurumidza ndizvo zvinhu zvikuru pakusarudza rudzi urwu rweinjini yemotokari diki.

### Injini yeDziziri

Injini dzedhiziri, nekuda kwekushandisa mafuta zvakanaka uye simba radzo guru, dzinonyanya kushandiswa mumotokari dzinorema nemidziyo yemumaindasitiri. Marori mazhinji, mabhazi, michina inorema, nengarava dzinoshandisa mainjini edhiziri. Uyezve, mainjini edhiziri anoshandiswa zvakanyanya muzviteshi zvemagetsi nemidziyo yemumaindasitiri nekuda kwekushanda kwawo kwenguva refu.

## Mhedziso

Injini dzeOtto nedzedhiziri imhando mbiri dzeinjini dzinoshandiswa pakupisa mukati, imwe neimwe ine zvayakanakira nezvayakaipira. Injini dzeOtto, dzine mashandiro adzo epamusoro uye kumhanya kwakakwirira kwekutenderera, dzakakodzera mota dzakareruka uye dzemitambo, nepo injini dzedhiziri, dzine mashandiro emafuta uye torque yakakwira, dzakanakira mota dzinorema uye maindasitiri.

Pasinei nematambudziko ezvakatipoteredza anosangana nevese, tekinoroji iri kuramba ichifambira mberi kuti mhando dzese dzeinjini dzive dzakachengeteka kune zvakatipoteredza. Sarudzo pakati peinjini yeOtto neinjini yeDiesel inowanzoenderana nezvinodiwa nemushandisi maererano nekushanda, kushanda zvakanaka, uye mashandisirwo. Nekunzwisisa misiyano iyi zviri nani, tinogona kuita sarudzo ine ruzivo rwakakura pakusarudza injini inonyatsokodzera zvatinoda.