Basa reMachina Enguva muSainzi Fiction
Munyika yengano dzesainzi, dingindira rekufamba kwenguva kuburikidza nemishini yenguva rave chinhu chikuru chinomutsa fungidziro dzevanyori vazhinji, vaverengi, nevaoni. Michina yenguva inopa mikana isingaperi yekutsvaga mikana isingaverengeki, mune zvakaitika kare uye mune ramangwana. Chinyorwa chino chichaongorora basa remichina yenguva mungano dzesainzi, kuti sei ichikwezva vazhinji, uye simba rayo uye zvazvinoreva mumabasa akasiyana-siyana emabhuku nenhau.
Nhoroondo nepfungwa huru
Pfungwa yekufamba nenguva haisi itsva zvachose; fungidziro dzekukwanisa kufamba munguva dzave dziripo mungano nengano kubvira kare. Zvisinei, pfungwa yemuchina wenguva sechishandiso chemazuva ano chekufamba kwenguva yakatanga kufarirwa naH.G. Wells mubhuku rake ra1895, "The Time Machine." Mubhuku iri, Wells akaunza muchina wekugadzira waibvumira mushandisi wawo kufamba kune ramangwana nezvakaitika kare. "The Time Machine" haina kungounza pfungwa iyi chete asiwo yakaisa hwaro hwemabasa mazhinji esainzi engano anotevera.
Michina yenguva inowanzo ratidzwa semidziyo yetekinoroji yepamusoro inokwanisa kugadzira zvinhu zvisingawanzoitiki zvinobvumira vashandisi vayo kufamba munguva. Pfungwa iyi yakazvarwa kubva mudzidziso yaAlbert Einstein yehukama, uye kukura kwayo mune zvesainzi ngano kunowanzo sanganisira kufungidzira nezvenzvimbo nenguva, maburi matema, maburi ane wormhole, nedzimwe pfungwa dzesainzi.
Basa muKugadzira Plot
Munyaya dzesainzi, michina yenguva inowanzo shandiswa senzira yekurondedzera nyaya. Nekukwanisa kufamba munguva, vatambi vanogona kusangana nezviitiko zvekare zvinopesvedzera nzira yavo kana kuona ramangwana uye kudzokera shure kugadzirisa zvikanganiso. Chimwe chinhu chinonakidza chemichina yenguva kugona kwavo kugadzira kusawirirana nematambudziko etsika: Kuchinja zvakapfuura kuti kunatsiridze zvazvino kana zveramangwana tsika dzakanaka here?
Muenzaniso wekare ndewe "Back to the Future" raRobert Zemeckis. Mufirimu iri, Marty McFly anodzokera shure munguva achishandisa muchina wenguva waDeLorean wakagadzirwa naDoc Brown. Kuuya kwaMarty munguva yakapfuura kunounza matambudziko akawanda, kusanganisira kutyisidzira kwehupenyu hwake kana akakundikana kuona kuti vabereki vake vanosangana uye vanodanana. Kusawirirana uku kunogadzira nyaya inokwezva nezvemhedzisiro yechiito chega chega nechisarudzo.
Kukanganisa Hunhu
Michina yenguva haingobvumiri chete kufambira mberi kwenyaya yakaoma asiwo kufambira mberi kwehunhu. Kufamba kwenguva kunobvumira vatambi kukura nenzira dzaisazokwanisika dai vakabatana nenguva imwe chete. Vanogona kudzidza kubva mukukanganisa kwavo kwekare kana kuona remangwana kuti vanzwisise mhedzisiro yezviito zvavo zvemazuva ano.
Mumwe muenzaniso unogona kuwanikwa munhevedzano yeterevhizheni inonzi "Doctor Who," apo hunhu hukuru, The Doctor, iMambo weNguva ane kugona kufamba munguva nenzvimbo achishandisa TARDIS. Kuburikidza nerwendo urwu, The Doctor anosangana nevanhu vakasiyana-siyana nezviitiko zvenhoroondo, izvo zvinongopesvedzera nyaya chete asiwo zvinopa mikana yekuti hunhu huchinje uye hudzidze zvakawanda nezvake uye nezvevanhu vose.
Kuongorora Madingindira Makuru
Michina yenguva inowanzo shandiswa mune zvesainzi ngano kuongorora misoro mikuru senge ramangwana, mugumo, uye rusununguko rwekusarudza. Pfungwa yekukwanisa kushandura zvakapfuura kana kuumba ramangwana inomutsa mibvunzo yakakosha nezve determinism uye rusununguko rwekusarudza. Kana mumwe munhu achiziva zvichaitika mune ramangwana, zviito zvake zvichiri mhedzisiro yerusununguko rwekusarudza here kana kuti kungoedza kuzadzisa mugumo wakafanorongwa?
Firimu rinonzi “Looper,” rakanyorwa uye rakatungamirwa naRian Johnson, rinoongorora dingindira iri nekuratidza nyika umo mhondi (dzinonzi “loopers”) dzinoshandira boka rematsotsi mune ramangwana. Pane imwe nguva, munhu anochinja-chinja anofanira kutarisana nerudzi rwekare rwake. Kusawirirana pakati pevaduku nevekare vevanhu ava kunoratidza matambudziko etsika netsika akakomberedza kugadzirwa kweramangwana remunhu.
Zvinoreva Uzivi uye Sainzi
Kufamba kwenguva uchishandisa michina yenguva kunovhurawo hurukuro dzinonakidza dzehuzivi nesainzi. Kubva pamaonero ehuzivi, michina yenguva inotiita kuti tifungezve nezvepfungwa dzekare dzenguva nekuvapo. Nguva inotevedzana here kana kuti inotenderera zvakanyanya? Kana tikakwanisa kuchinja zvakapfuura, ndangariro dzedu nezviitiko zvedu zvinochinja here?
Kubva pamaonero esainzi, pfungwa yemuchina wenguva inotikurudzira kufunga nezvemiganhu uye mukana wekuwana ruzivo rwesainzi mune ramangwana. Kunyange hazvo pasina humbowo hwechokwadi hunotsigira kuvapo kwemuchina wenguva, dzidziso dzepanyama dzakadai serelativity uye tambo dzidziso dzinopa mukana wekuti kufamba kwenguva kungave kusingagoneke zvachose. Tsvagiridzo pamusoro pemawormholes uye pfungwa ye curved space-time inotiswededza pedyo nekunzwisisa kwakadzama, kunyangwe mibvunzo mizhinji isina kupindurwa ichiripo.
Mhedziso
Michina yenguva mungano dzesainzi yapfuura kungotaura nyaya chete; yava nzvimbo dzatinogona kuongorora nekuyedza pfungwa dzakakosha nezvevanhu, tsika, uye zvakasikwa. Nekufambisa nyaya dzakapfuma uye dzakaoma, michina yenguva inotipa chishandiso chekuongorora zvinhu zvisingasvikike muhupenyu hwezuva nezuva. Ingave mumabhuku, mafirimu, nhepfenyuro dzeterevhizheni, kana mimwe midhiya, michina yenguva inotibvumira kwete kungorota nezveramangwana kana rekare chete asiwo kunzwisisa zvinorehwa nezviito zvedu munguva ino.
Kune vanyori nevagadziri vesainzi ngano, muchina wenguva ucharamba uri chimwe chezvishandiso zvakakosha zvekugadzira nyaya dzinokwezva uye dzinoita kuti munhu afunge, zvichitiyeuchidza nezvekushamisa uye mikana isingaperi yekufungidzira kwevanhu.
