Munda weMagetsi muParallel Plates
Simba remagetsi ipfungwa huru mufizikisi inoratidza kudyidzana kuripo pakati pezvinhu zvine simba remagetsi. Muzvishandiso zvakawanda zvinoshanda, kunyanya muinjiniya nemagetsi, tinowanzo sangana nemamiriro ezvinhu apo simba remagetsi rinogadzirwa nemaplate akafanana ane simba. Maplate aya akafanana ane mashandisirwo akasiyana-siyana, kubva kuma capacitor nemidziyo yekurapa kusvika kumidziyo yakasiyana-siyana yemagetsi. Chinyorwa chino chichakurukura nezvesimba remagetsi mumaplate akafanana zvakadzama, kubva papfungwa huru kusvika pakushandiswa kwaro.
Pfungwa Yekutanga yeMunda weMagetsi
Kazhinji, munda wemagetsi unogadzirwa nechaji yemagetsi uye unogona kutsanangurwa sesimba rinowanikwa nechaji diki yakanaka kana yaiswa panzvimbo chaiyo muchadenga. Huwandu uhwu hunotsanangurwa nevector yemunda wemagetsi E, ine mayuniti eNewtons paCoulomb (N/C) kana Volts pamita (V/m).
Kuti tinzwisise simba remagetsi riri mumaplate akafanana, tichatanga nemutemo waCoulomb, unoti simba riri pakati pemapoinzi maviri rinoenderana zvakananga nehukuru hwemacharge uye rinoenderana nechikamu chedaro riri pakati pawo. Zvisinei, kana iri maplate akafanana, tiri kubata nekugoverwa kwemari pamusoro pemvura, kwete mari yepoinzi.
Maplate Akatakura Akafanana
Funga nezvemaplate maviri ekufambisa akaenzana akaiswa akatarisana nedaro diki d pakati pawo. Rimwe ndiro rine chaji yakanaka ye +Q, nepo rimwe ndiro rine chaji yakaipa ye -Q. Izvi zvinowanzoshandiswa kugadzira ma capacitor, ayo ari zvinhu zvakakosha mumasekete akasiyana-siyana emagetsi.
Kana maplate maviri achichajwa, simba remagetsi rinoumbwa pakati pawo. Nekuda kwekupararira kwechaji pamusoro pemaplate (tichifunga kuti maplate acho akakura zvikuru kana tichienzanisa nedaro riri pakati pawo), simba remagetsi riri pakati pemaplate acho rakafanana uye rinogona kuonekwa serisingachinji padaro rakati kubva kumucheto kwemaplate acho.
Munda weMagetsi Pakati peParallel Plates
Nzvimbo yemagetsi iri pakati pemaplate maviri akaenzana anogona kuonekwa uchishandisa mutemo waGauss. Mutemo waGauss wemagetsi unoti kuyerera kwemagetsi kuburikidza nenzvimbo yakavharwa kwakanangana nechaji yese yakavharirwa nenzvimbo iyoyo.
Pamaplate akafanana, tinosarudza nzvimbo yeGaussian yakaita sedenderedzwa ine axis yakatarisana nemaplate nemaplate ari kumagumo ese ecylinder. Nekuda kwekuenzana kwedambudziko, simba remagetsi E rakanangana nenzvimbo dzeplate uye rinoramba riripo pakati peplate.
Kuyerera kwemagetsi pamusoro pesilinda yeGaussian kunopihwa chete nemagumo maviri esilinda iri pakati pemaplate. Tichifunga kuti nzvimbo yepamusoro yemaplates iA, tinowana:
\[ \Phi = E \cdot A – (-E \cdot A) = 2EA \]
Zvinoenderana nemutemo waGauss:
\[ \Phi = \frac{Q_{\text{in}}}{\varepsilon_0} \]
Apo \( Q_{\text{charge}} \) iri iyo huwandu hwese hwechaji iri pamaplate uye \(\varepsilon_0\) iri iyo vacuum permittivity. Sezvo chaji iri paplate imwe iri \(+Q\),
\[ 2EA = \frac{Q}{\varepsilon_0} \]
Saka munda wemagetsi E uri pakati pemaplate ndewekuti:
\[ E = \frac{Q}{2A \cdot \varepsilon_0} \]
Zvisinei, sezvo paine ndiro ine negative charge inoburitsa simba rayo mumunda, simba remagetsi rinobuda rinova:
\[ E = \frac{Q}{A \cdot \varepsilon_0} \]
Izvi zvinoratidza kuti simba remagetsi riri pakati pemaplate akafanana uye rinongoenderana nehukuru hwechaji, nzvimbo yemaplate, uye mvumo yepakati pakati pemaplate.
Kushandiswa kweMunda weMagetsi paParallel Plates
Kapastor
Ma capacitor ndeimwe yenzira dzinonyanya kushandiswa pakushandisa ma charger parallel plates. Capacitor ine ma parallel conductive plates maviri akapatsanurwa ne dielectric. Ma capacitor anogona kuchengetedza simba remagetsi mumunda wemagetsi unogadzirwa pakati pema plates. Capacitance, C, ye capacitor inotsanangurwa se ratio yechaji Q inochengetwa nema plates ku voltage V muma plates:
\[ C = \frac{Q}{V} \]
Nesimba remagetsi riri pakati pemaplate:
\[ E = \frac{V}{d} \]
uye kutsiva panzvimbo yekukwanisa:
\[ C = \varepsilon_0 \cdot \frac{A}{d} \]
MaSensor ekumanikidza uye Maikorosikopu eElectron
Munda wemagetsi uri pakati pemaplate akafanana unoshandiswawo mumasensa emagetsi anoshandiswa pakuita kuti maplate acho ashande zvakanaka, uko kuchinja kwedaro riri pakati pemaplate nekuda kwekumanikidzwa kunogona kuyerwa kuburikidza nekuchinja kwe capacitance. Mu electron microscopy, munda wemagetsi wakaenzana uri pakati pemaplate akafanana unoshandiswa kukurumidzisa nekutungamira kufamba kwema electron.
Kuratidzwa kweMagetsi
Zviratidziro zveLiquid Crystal Display (LCD) zvinoshandisa simba remagetsi riri pakati pemaplate akafanana kuti zvidzore mafambiro emamorekuru ekristaro emvura, nokudaro zvichidzora kushanduka kwechiedza uye kugadzira mufananidzo wekuratidzira.
Mhedziso
Simba remagetsi rakafanana pakati pemaplate maviri akafanana rinopa mabhenefiti akawanda mukushandiswa kwakasiyana-siyana kwetekinoroji. Muzvidzidzo uye mumabasa, kunzwisisa simba remagetsi mumaplate akafanana kunotsigira kunzwisisa kwedu macapacitor, masensa, nezvimwe zvishandiso zvemagetsi zvakasiyana-siyana. Kufamba kwechaji kwakadzorwa kuburikidza nekugadzirwa kwemuviri uye misimboti yemuviri kunoita kuti masisitimu aya ave chinhu chakakosha mukuvandudza tekinoroji kubva panguva yekare kusvika munguva dzazvino.
Nekuongorora hunhu uye maverengerwo eminda yemagetsi mumaplate akafanana, hatingosimbisi chete hwaro hwedzidziso yemagetsi nemagineti, asiwo tinovhura mukana wekushandisa zvinhu zvitsva zvinoenderana nekufambira mberi kwetekinoroji yepasi rose.
